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African-Americans and Vietnam, 2008.
This paper explores the experiences of African-American soldiers in Vietnam.
5,006 words (approx. 20.0 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 79.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the enormous tension, turbulence and racial strife in the U.S. in the 1960s carried over to the men of color and to the white troops in the Vietnam war. The paper explores the situation of African-American soldiers serving in the jungles of Vietnam and points to the manifestations and ramifications of that tension and turbulence, through first person accounts, oral histories and the historical record.
Outline:
Introduction
Thesis
What it Was Like for African-American Soldiers Serving in the Jungles of Vietnam
Why Did They Enlist
What Life Was Actually Like for black soldiers in Vietnam
Oral Histories of the Vietnam War from the Black Perspective
How Black Soldiers in Vietnam Related to the Antiwar Movement Back Home
From the Paper
"There was an enormous amount of tension and turbulence and racial strife in the U.S. in the 1960s. That tension and turbulence carried over to the men of color and to the white troops in the Vietnam war, and this paper will point to the manifestations and ramifications of that tension and turbulence, through first person accounts, oral histories, and the historical record. "War is hell. The cliche still works, years after someone first uttered those words. It always will work whether it is Iraq, Vietnam, or Omaha Beach. But when you're black and fighting a war for a nation that excludes you from the mainstream of its social and political life back home, as it was true for many blacks in Vietnam, it's a double dose of hell. Because, you know that jobs for African Americans will not offer the same opportunities for advancement when you get home, and schools for your children may not be as modern as schools for white children. All those unpleasant realities notwithstanding, the African American soldiers in Vietnam fought and died along side their comrades-in-arms of all nationalities, albeit at the end of the day blacks had their part of town and white soldiers had theirs. And blacks died in disproportionate numbers to whites, as the institutional racism that flourished in America was transplanted to the soggy mosquito-ridden landscape of Vietnam."
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Benjamin Franklin, 2008.
A comprehensive overview of the life and achievements of Benjamin Franklin.
7,348 words (approx. 29.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 102.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a brief biography of Benjamin Franklin's background and then details Franklin's genius in the field of science and his many inventions. The paper devotes considerable time to discussing Franklin's achievements as a peerless American visionary, an economist, a political thinker, a civic scientist, an elderly statesman, revolutionary spymaster, a writer, a man of letters and an ambassador to France. The paper looks at his influence over and motives behind documents such as the Declaration of Independence. Finally, the paper considers Franklin's specific characteristics, such as an aversion to tyranny, humor, humility and tolerance.
Outline:
Short Biography
Controlling Communications in His Time
Rising to Positions of Influence and Prestige and Personal Gains He Made in Each
His Influence Over and Motives Behind these Major Documents
The "Real" Benjamin Franklin
From the Paper
"Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 in Boston, Massachusetts to Josiah and Abiah Folger (Kelly 2007, the Electric Benjamin Franklin 2007). He had only two years of formal schooling but this handicap did not stop him from making the best out of himself. He first helped his older brother James in the latter's printing press until he decided to seek his own destiny in Philadelphia. Through diligence and wisdom, he evolved into a statesman, inventor, scientist, publisher and a politician. His accomplishments as such were unique in his time when colonial North America did not yet have sufficient cultural and commercial institutions for his original ideas."
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Shinawatra's Thailand and the Promise of Democracy, 2008.
An examination of Thailand under Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra and the impact of the 2006 coup that overthrew his government.
761 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Thailand under the democratically elected government of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. It discusses how Shinawatra's government represented Thailand's best hope for a stable democratic process and how that hope that was dashed with the military coup that occurred in 2006. The paper also discusses the background to the coup and its impact on Thailand.
From the Paper
"Thaksin Shinawatra was one of the most popular politicians that Thailand has ever seen. His populist positions on politics in the nation and liberal political philosophy earned him significant respect and admiration both from his constituents as well as from the international community. However, the authority and legitimacy that the democratic government garnered during his tenure as prime minister stood as a direct threat to the military and to the monarchy. His critics were vocal, but unwilling to debate his politics and decisions in the public forum. The democratic government that had been created with the adoption of a new constitution in 1997 became stronger everyday that Shinawatra remained in office, proving that the voting public could decide their own leaders. The military coup that began in September 2006 shattered the stability of democracy in Thailand and, to some degree, in all of Southeast Asia. Shinawatra's democratic government represented the best hope for a democratic future for the country, a future now imperiled by a military power-grab."
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The Dreams and the Legacy of Ponce de Leon, 2008.
A discussion of the achievements of Juan Ponce de Leon and the legacy that he left.
2,470 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life and achievements of Juan Ponce de Leon. It describes how Ponce de Leon left an indelible mark on future history and helped shape the world we know today. The paper discusses Ponce de Leon's involvement with Columbus on the Second Voyage, in becoming the first Governor of Puerto Rico and founding its first European town and ultimately being credited with being the first European to set foot in what is now Florida.
From the Paper
"Thus, Ponce de Leon opened the way for the Spanish conquest of new lands in the Caribbean and Florida. The Conquistador traveled with Columbus on his second voyage and saw much of what the New World had to offer. Like so many other adventuresome Spaniards, the treasures of the New World as conceived of by Ponce de Leon were part-real, and part-imagined. Gold and silver existed in small amounts in the lands first discovered. These precious commodities Ponce de Leon followed from Cuba to Puerto Rico and, he hoped, to Florida. In the Islands, Native labor was brutally exploited, and Native cultures destroyed in the name of militant Catholicism, and the belief in Spain's superior civilization. So much of the struggle to conquer the new lands was based on Spain's own historic struggles with the Muslim Moors - centuries during which the native Christian inhabitants of Spain fought to rid their land of the invader and to preserve their own customs and religion. The Spanish, with so much experience of oppression, would annihilate the native populations of the Caribbean islands. In Florida, those native peoples would fight back... for a time. In the end, they too would succumb. Ponce de Leon played an important role in bringing about the collision of cultures that was to be the meeting between the Old World and the New."
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Russia and the WTO, 2008.
An examination of the history of Russia's requests for admittance into the World Trade Organization (WTO)
1,189 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the involvement of Russia in the World Trade Organization (WTO). It describes the benefits of being a member of the WTO and how this would impact Russia. The paper describes the history of Russia seeking admittance to the WTO and the United States' role in this process. The paper then looks at the current situation with regards to Russia and the WTO.
From the Paper
"Vladimir Putin in recent months has claimed that the United States has been increasing the demands put on Russia for membership, though he has not been specific about what these might be. The United States denies new requirements and points only to the normal requirements asked of every member for food safety standards, clear customs rules, and better protection for intellectual property rights. These have been the sticking points, and Russia will have to agree on these elements just as have all other members of the WTO."
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Women After WWII, 2008.
An analysis of how women's roles changed during and after World War II until today.
1,621 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the effects of World War II on women's roles and explains how the need for women to join the workforce, the mass migration from the East and Midwest to the West Coast and the move of African-American women to the North all accounted for women's continued role in the workforce. The paper discusses the period of the 1950s that idealized the nuclear family but then describes the subsequent rise of the women's liberation movement in the 1960s and the changes this brought about, such as freedom in birth control and abortion. The paper briefly looks at the 1980s and 1990s and concludes that women's roles in the United States have changed more in the past sixty years than ever before.
From the Paper
"The United States entered the War in December, 1941. Within three and a half years, it had sent over five million troops to two major global fronts. While many men stayed behind in crucial positions, women were required to take over what had traditionally been men's jobs, from machinists to farmers.
"The War was important to women: six million women entered the work force who had not worked before (Harvey 2006). In addition, women entered the work force that had lost their jobs during the Great Depression. Finally, women who were working in the civilian sphere converted to military or military-related positions. Of the three, the most important group (in terms of women's role in society) was the women who were new to work."
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Events Leading to American Revolution, 2008.
This paper discusses the events, beginning in 1763, that led to the American Revolution.
1,516 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the American Revolution marked the moment in which the American colonies broke away from their traditional historical relationship with the British Empire. The writer maintains that it was the mixture of both economic and political causes which determined the start of the revolution. The writer notes that on the one hand, there is the economic aspect to be taken into consideration and on the other hand, the new ideas related to the right of the people to democratically decide on the decisions taken to affect their lives also contributed to the growing tensions between the two sides. This idea was expressed through the need for independence from the Empire which continued its interference in the internal relations of the States, in a philosophical context that promoted human rights and civil liberties. Therefore, the writer concludes that the general atmosphere created by both economic and political factors was the defining element in triggering the American Revolution.
From the Paper
"Following the war, the British considered the Americans to be direct beneficiaries of the peace and security the Empire had brought them. Consequently, the British Parliament thought it natural for the colonies to be financial contributors to the reconstruction and eventual strengthening of the empire after the conflict with France. However, there were strong voices that refused such a ruling. They based their arguments on the fact that the American colonies were not adequately represented in the British assembly and therefore no institution which lacks a democratic recognition of the people their actions affect has the ability, both the political and moral one, to impose its will. Moreover, in the traditional spirit of the American democracy, a strong emphasis was put on the political powers of the colonies' elected authorities, considered to be the only ones entitled to vote on additional taxes and levies supported by the American people. The entire issue was thus seen as a conflict of sovereignty, between the British and the colonists. "
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League of Nations, 2008.
A look at how the League of Nations was formed.
1,194 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper describes how, after the first World War steps were taken toward a unified group of member nations across the globe that would together form The League of Nations. The paper outlines the history of the League's formation and discusses its role and value in today's society.
Outline:
Introduction
The League of Nations is born
Modern Day Reflection upon the League of Nations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When the horrible fighting of World War I finally ended in November, 1918, the entire civilized world, in catching its collective breath, soon realized that not only the war that had just concluded, but indeed all war, was a revolting part of the human experience that was begging to be eradicated once and for all. It was during this time that the first steps were taken toward a unified group of member nations, across the globe that would together form what would come to be called The League of Nations. Lasting until 1945 and then morphing into the modern day United Nations, the League was an experiment in world government that, as this research will discuss, is imitated and cited to this day as an attempt to attain world peace. Additionally, this research will take a deeper look into the origins of The League of Nations, its achievements and controversies."
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Le Morte d'Arthur, 2008.
A examination of the legend of King Arthur and the ideal of knighthood that were epitomized in "Le Morte d'Arthur" by Sir Thomas Mallory.
3,052 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the various sources on which Sir Thomas Mallory drew to create the version of the legend of King Arthur that is known today. The writer provides an overview of the historical background for the Arthurian legend and the evidence that exists for a historical Arthur. The writer explains the medieval traditions of courtly love and of chivalry that Mallory incorporated into his book and his legacy of the knightly ideal that was detailed by Chaucer in his "Canterbury Tales," and in the fourteenth-century poem "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight."
From the Paper
"The account that did the most to establish Arthur as a prominent historical figure was The History of the Kings of Britain written in 1135 by Geoffrey of Monmouth, a Welsh monk, and the book provides a history of the earliest kings of Britain, some 99 in all, including King Coel, known to us today from the nursery rhyme as Old King Cole. About one-fifth of the book is devoted to Arthur, and Geoffrey provides the first organized version of the story. Many of the elements that would be part of the later tradition were missing, however. Arthur's court is not at Camelot but at a place called Caerlon-on-Usk, or City of Legions. Geoffrey contributed at least three new elements to the existing histories of Arthur--he supplied Arthur with a family tree, told of Arthur's association with Merlin, and described his burial at Avalon."
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Grant and Lee: A Comparison, 2008.
A comparison of Ulysses S. Grant, the Commander of the Union army and Robert E. Lee, the Commander of the Confederate forces.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
The paper points out main differences and similarities between the two generals, Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee. The paper asserts that the most important similarities between Grant and Lee were their determination to bring peace to America, their ability to face defeat honorably and their recognition that neither side came out the victor after the war.
From the Paper
"According to Civil War historian and scholar Bruce Catton, Ulysses S. Grant, the Commander of the Union army who went on to become President of the United States in 1869, and Robert E. Lee, the Commander of all Confederate forces, played very similar roles in "bringing the Civil War to its virtual finish" in April of 1865 when both men "met in the parlor of a modest house at Appomattox Courthouse" in Virginia and signed the document which effectively brought an end to the war, despite the fact that other armies linked to the Confederacy "had yet to surrender" and the Confederate government struggled "desperately. . . trying to find some way" to continue the traditions of the Old South and its aristocracy (2003, 631)."
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Insight to Lyndon Johnson, 2008.
This paper discusses and compares the portrayal of Lyndon B. Johnson in the works 'The Path to Power: The Years of Lyndon Johnson' by Robert Caro and 'Lone Star Rising' by Robert Dallek.
4,053 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Lyndon B. Johnson is known to have been a hard-nosed smooth-operating arm-twisting Senator from Texas who became John Kennedy's Vice President and then a one-term President. The writer points out that two works, Robert Caro's 'The Path to Power: The Years of Lyndon Johnson', and Robert Dallek's 'Lone Star Rising', present Johnson as a relatively power-mad political genius who manipulated others with great aplomb. In looking at how each of these two authors take on the topic of Johnson, it is significant to note that both authors have created multi-volume works on LBJ, both have spent enormously in terms of time and resources to flesh out their stories and to find insight into the man, and both approach Johnson from a motivational point of view. The writer discusses that there are marked differences in style, observations, selections of facts, perspectives and intentions within the works. The writer concludes that these two books create different visions of Johnson while each treading the very same ground as the other.
From the Paper
"The differences between the two authors actually get in the way of an accurate understanding of some of the major events of Johnson's reign. Caro's work, though thoroughly researched, is exceptionally simplified - essentially portraying Johnson's moral compass as consisting of an angel on one shoulder and a devil on the other. The characterizations of Johnson in Caro's work can lead the reader to think of Johnson as being of limited capacity for thoughtful or intellectual accomplishment driven only to succeed through any means possible. We see a Johnson often reduced to a single word descriptor that serves only to simplify Johnson as being two dimensional at times. In his defense, however, Caro's clear purpose is to show Johnson as being controlled by his passions and ambitions, which would naturally reduce a person to a relatively few necessary personality traits. The additional problem facing Caro's work is that he does not have a PhD, and is otherwise academically not qualified to write such an extensive set of texts - at least an academic critic would look at the work through a less forgiving eye. Caro's work is based almost entirely upon massive numbers of interviews he conducted with people directly involved with Johnson at varying points in his career."
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Hippies, 2008.
A review of the effects and contribution of the hippie generation to society.
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses and provides a broad definition of "hippieism", its culture and values. The paper describes the origin of this rebel generation movement of hippie culture, the music that evolved from the group, the participation in drugs and the accompanying lifestyle, free love, antiwar sentiments and the emergence of the green peace movement. The paper further notes that antiwar protests and civil rights marches and demonstrations in favor of the gay and lesbian communities were prominent in this community. The paper highlights that although the hippie culture started in America, it spread world wide taking many of its features from Eastern cultures. The paper concludes that in spite of its excesses, the hippie movement transformed American social values, especially among the youth.
From the Paper
"Although the hippie movement was mainly an American phenomenon, it infected the entire world's social and creative arts scenes. Hippie culture also borrowed heavily from Eastern cultures for imagery and ideology. Eastern philosophies including Buddhism, Hinduism, and Taoism influenced the development of the open-minded and tolerant hippie worldview. Pop culture icons like the Beatles helped popularize Eastern philosophy and practices like meditation and yoga, which became relatively well-known during the hippie generation. In fact, the hippie generation spawned the widespread interest in New Age spirituality that emerged at least one decade later. Alongside interest in Eastern spirituality, hippies also cultivated appreciation for indigenous arts and crafts including those from Native American cultures."
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Conscription in Canada During World War I, 2008.
An analysis of the conscription crisis that developed in Canada in 1917.
2,767 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the tensions and divisions that conscription created within Canada in 1917 when the allied situation in World War I demanded a massive mobilization of manpower. At the beginning of the war, voluntary enlistment was taken for granted, but as the war dragged on it did not produce the needed numbers. The writer explains that the French-speaking community in Quebec was seen as not doing their part and this led to heated and bitter debate and further divisions between them and the English-speaking community. The writer provides the historical and political background for these divisions and discusses how conscription affected other groups negatively as well.
Outline:
Introduction
World War I
Quebec
Conscription
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The start of World War I affected Canada as a new Conservative government headed by Robert Laird Borden set out to rally the public to the British cause in the war. At the end of the previous term, Canadians had been divided on the issue, but Borden managed to bring them together after Germany invaded neutral Belgium. It was then that 33,000 Canadian soldiers reached England and fought at the second battle of Ypres. By 1916, there were four Canadian divisions, with a fifth available for reinforcements. Canada's participation served to bolster the nation's image in the world and contributed to the end of its colonial status."
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Pan-Germanism 1871-1914, 2008.
An in-depth look at the development of beliefs in Austria which influenced Hitler and presaged the rise of Nazism in Germany.
5,219 words (approx. 20.9 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 82.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the movements of Pan-Germanism, the Linzer Programm, the Deutsche Verband and the beliefs of nationalists and the fringe philosophers of post-Empire Vienna. The paper then discusses their influence on Adolf Hitler and the subsequent founding of the Nazi Party. The paper therefore shows how the philosophical, cultural and historical underpinnings of the Austrian Pan-Germanist movement are important precedents to the subsequent rise of Nazism, the Anschluss and the Holocaust.
Outline:
Introduction
Historical Underpinnings in Austria
Rise of Nationalistic and Linguistic Minorities
Liberalism's Flower and the Conservative Backlash
Conservative Ascendancy in Austria
The Linzer Programm
Sources of Anti-Semitism
Influence on Adolf Hitler and the Founding of the Nazi Party
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Austria's empire had been under substantial pressure for several decades prior the decision to split Austria and Hungary into a dual monarchy in 1867 (Burant 1989). The Austrians lost significant land and sovereignty to the French in 1806, which represents the time when the decline of the Habsburg Empire would begin. The period from 1806 to 1859 was marked by a gradual reduction in power and influence by the Habsburgs over the remnants of the Holy Roman Empire. During this same period, the German principalities and kingdoms were combining in ways that would assure their future industrial success, most notably with the German Customs Union of the 1840's, and the eventual combination of German regions to form the modern nation in 1861."
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