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Saudi and United Arab Emirates, 2002.
An examination of the differing cultures and religious observances among the people of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
1,925 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
The Middle East usually comes across as a conglomerate of several countries, all-behaving similarly. However there are extreme differences even among neighboring countries with same religion and language. This paper discusses sharp differences between the two Middle East countries, namely Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates.
From the Paper
"Saudi Arabia is a kingdom with one of the largest oil deposits which, to date remain the focus of the Saudian economy, taking away a major percentage of the Gross Domestic Product. Saudi Arabia?s economy is thus dependent on oil and oil derivatives, which account for 90-95% of Saudi export earnings, 75% of the budget, and about 35-40% of GDP. To reduce this dependency, the Saudi Arabian government is studying non-oil revenue generating sources. Saudi per capita GDP which was highest in 1981, when both the U.S. and Saudi Arabia had a per capita GDP, in current dollars, of about US $28,600, is approximately $7000.
Public sector debt (almost all central government domestic debt) has been hovering between 90 to 100% of the GDP for the past few years. The accumulating interest payments due on this debt form a major portion of the capital expenditures in the budget. Though, it is interesting to note that overseas Saudi private capital amounts to $600-700 billion, or four to five times the Saudi GDP. Moreover, foreign worker remittances, about US $16 billion annually, continue to be a burden on the current account. Thus the Saudi economy, as a result of oil dependency and state-controlled enterprises is heavily burdened (Saudi Arabia Country Analysis Brief, 2003)."
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Theories of the American Frontier, 2002.
This paper challenges the theories of Frederick Jackson Turner as presented in his essay, ?The Significance of the Frontier on American History?, by using the example of the development of California.
3,460 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Turner?s theory of social evolution, which states that the development of America took place in six distinct stages, which Turner applies to Wisconsin as an example. This paper, then, outlines the development of California as a whole and discuss the events in the development of Southern California that diverge from Turner?s model.The author reports that rather than experiencing an agricultural period according to Turner?s ?timeline,? California, especially Southern California, went right to the establishment of manufacturing and industry.
From the Paper
"Granted, the expansion and development of California, especially as it pertained to the movements from west to east or from south to north (as in the case of Mexican expansion), was not exclusively American development per se. There was exploration and conquest on the part of the British, the Spanish, the Mexicans, and the French. However, this supports the contention that Turner?s thesis was not an accurate model for California. Turner?s primary focus was on the expansion of Western European peoples (in particular, those peoples of Germanic stock) from east to west. California was a state whose development was strongly influenced by Spanish, Mexican, French, and even Chinese cultures."
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San Francisco, 2002.
A discussion of the long-terms costs of the exploits and urban imperialism of San Francisco.
939 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the world has changed from an agricultural hub to a massive technological center and how liitle attention has been paid to the long-term costs of this transformation. In particular it looks at San Francisco, which has grown rapidly in merely 150 years and turned from almost a non-extent entity into a major city of the United States. It analyzes how the process of its growth has literally killed its neighboring areas by re-directing water supply and extracting minerals and other resources to feed the businesses of city financiers, corporate heads and other major wealthy elite and how its constant hunger for more development and growth has completely ruined its own landscape and stripped its surrounding areas of their natural wealth. It examines how the core of San Francisco?s rising costs of maintenance reside diminishing corporate ethics and rapidly increasing lobbies serving the interests of large multinationals.
From the Paper
"Brechin reminds us that at the core of San Francisco?s rising costs of maintenance reside diminishing corporate ethics and rapidly increasing lobbies serving the interests of large multinationals. Western Urban Water Coalition for example is a conglomeration of 21 water supply agencies that snatch water away from farmers to meet the growing demand of 35 million city dwellers in California. Apart from more water, this increasing population needs numerous other things including public funded education and other essential amenities."
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Moscow, 2002.
A city profile of Moscow, capital of Russia.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper gives an overview of Moscow, the capital of Russia. It discusses various issues including the city's population make-up and demographics, an historical overview, urban elements and cultural and social features. The paper also looks at Moscow's educational facilities.
From the Paper
"During the Soviet era, streets of the central zone were broadened. The major part of the ancient inner city was brought down and substituted by government ministries, large workplace and residential buildings, command centers of national and international establishments, hotels and superior stores, developed marketplaces and key cultural centers (RACC. 2001). Consequently, one can only get the hint of Moscow?s heritage through small cultural areas still preserved. Among the famous architectural structures are Moscow Kremlin, The Red Square, Boulevard Ring, Garden Ring, Moscow Little Ring Railway, Moscow Ring Road, Arbat Street and the Kutuzov Avenue (RACC. 2001)."
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Lithops, Cacti and Exfoliating Bark, 2002.
This paper describes and presents the method of horticulture for three categories: Lithops, Cacti and trees with exfoliating bark.
4,470 words (approx. 17.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper describes Lithops, a well known and admired succulent plant family called living stones or stone plants, that originated in South Africa and also is grown in the U.S.A., Europe and Japan. The author says that these plants are relatively to grow but great care needs to be taken with soil, temperature, time and amount of watering. The paper describes the wide variety of Cactus. The author states that, as unique as the cactus appears, its growth and flowering is similar to any other plants. he paper also describes the function of bark and the beauty of exfoliating bark trees in landscaping.
Table of Contents
Lithops
Growing Lithops Optica
Native Range
Cacti
Sample Growth Forms
Plant Care
Spines
Flowers
Root System
Metabolism
Growth
Exfoliating Bark
Trees
From the Paper
"All modern cacti do have stem stomata, so one of the initial steps in the evolution of cacti must have been mutations that permit the expression of ?leaf genes? in an unusual site, the stem epidermis. Producing stomata is a complex process involving the establishment of cell patterns, density of stomata and differentiation of guard cells. The similarity of the patterns in stems of modern cacti with the patterns in leaves of Pereskia may indicate that almost all the leaf epidermis development program is now being used to control morphogenesis of stem epidermis."
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Spencer, Massachusetts, 2002.
A description of the town of Spencer, Massachusetts, outlining the benefits of small town living.
1,219 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history and demographics of the town of Spencer, Massachusetts. The paper provides an overview of the community resources and economic institutions in the town. A visual description is presented, illustrating the natural historic beauty of the town. The writer explains the reasons why he would consider living in the town of Spencer, Massachusetts.
From the Paper
"The town of Spencer, Massachusetts is an ideal place to live in since the town is largely residential in nature, offering all the benefits of small town living, the charm of country life and easy access to the advantages and comforts of working in larger industries and towns. In addition, Spencer has adequate community resources and strengths as well as a sense of history and therefore the comfort of continuity of a way of life."
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Melanoma in Australia, 2002.
A study of the causes and effects of melanoma in Australia.
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the environmental cause of melanoma in Australia and the disease itself. It describes the skin cancer moles, the progression of the disease and its effects on the human body. The paper examines the reasons for the high rate of melanoma in Australia, such as the depletion of the ozone layer, global warming, and the fair skinned people of Australia.
From the Paper
"The ?land down under? is under siege. The enemy ravishing Australia?s inhabitants is not an invader from a foreign country, but rather it is a voracious skin disease called Melanoma. In fact, the highest instances of Melanoma in the world can be found in Australia. The factors leading up to this outbreak can easily be attributed to geography, the environment, and genetics but perhaps the most distressing dynamic can be assigned to the sun worshipping victims themselves."
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Global Positioning System, 2002.
A study of the United States global positioning satellites systems.
1,955 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the military technology, the global positioning system, which is a navigational system that comprises of a complex arrangement of satellites that orbit around the earth. It describes the technology, its evolution throughout the twentieth century, and its immense military application. The paper then illustrates the wider commercial use of the global positioning system in the latter part of the century.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Historical Events in the Global Positioning System Technology
The Origin
The World War II Era
Soviet Union?s Sputnik-I
The Decade Before Developmental History (1964-1974)
Achievements of the Advancements
The Developmental History of the Global Positioning Satellites System
Pathway to the GPS Technology
The First GPS Satellite
Subsequent Developments in the Global Positioning System
Technological Account of the Global Positioning System
Operational Details of GPS
Record Information in GPS Satellite Signals
Reception of Information from Global Positioning Satellites
Communication Frequencies
Technological Advantages of the Global Positioning Satellites System
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The technology behind the global positioning satellites system takes its origin from Marconi?s comprehension of the radio waves and their utilization for transmission purposes. This radio wave technology was employed for social advantage in the course of 1920s. In these years, radio stations were established, which minimally required a receiver to commence operation. A complex model of the same simple technology applies to the functioning of the global positioning satellites system."
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GPS Satellites, 2002.
A discussion of the development and application of the Global Positional System (GPS) in satellite technology .
2,893 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how satellite technology is used worldwide to provide important services in the fields of research, communications and more and how one of the most popular applications of satellite technology is the development of the Global Positional System (GPS). It provides an overview of satellites and GPS, including a brief description of the principles behind satellite technology and deployment and specifically of GPS. It also covers the origins and development of GPS as well as a synopsis of its current military and civilian uses. Finally, this paper also aims to address the future of GPS technology in the private sector.
From the Paper
"By 1972, the best characteristics of these satellite systems and the investigation of the steering group came together to result in the development of today?s system that would be known as the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System. The program was officially approved in 1973 and by February 1978, the first experimental GPS satellites (called Block I) were being launched into space. From the beginning, GPS had to meet the radio navigation requirements of all military services as well as those of civilian users and by February 1989, the second block of GPS satellites (Block II) was launched into space. Today?s GPS is now made up of twenty-four Block II and IIA satellites and one experimental satellite from Block I. (Commission 145-146)"
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Soweto, 2002.
A paper which examines how the geography and climate of the area affect the South African town of Soweto.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper begins with a climatic classification of South Africa and, more specifically, of the township near Johannesburg known as Soweto. It then looks at how the climate of the area has an enormous impact on the people of Soweto economically, agriculturally, and physiologically. The paper shows that the economic impact of long hot summers and mild winters is the inability to produce good crops, thus tying the people to the surrounding mines in order to make a living. The paper also examines how living in a certain geographic location can alter a person's pigmentation and facial features.
From the Paper
"Body style too is related to the climate of an area. Warmer dryer climates are associated with broader noses, where the nostrils are circular in shape. It is hypothesized that this facial feature, a feature common among the black people of South Africa, is tied to the climate. These types of noses have the least amount of surface area and would warm and moisten the air less than another type of nose would. This is an advantage in hot dry climates, like Soweto has, where the inhabitants face the challenges of draught and heat (Baker, 1974)."
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Internet Based GIS, 2002.
A paper which provides information on internet based geographic information systems (GIS).
2,477 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
Geographic Information System (GIS) is an organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze and display all forms of geographically referenced information. The paper shows that the rapid developments in computer and communication technology have changed many aspects in human life. The Internet, being one of the major developments in information technology, has a growing demand for applications such as the Internet-based GIS. This paper contains description and background of Internet-based GIS. It also examines and describes several of the techniques, applications, and approaches that can be used to develop Internet-based GIS.
From the Paper
"A direct-access GIS application is delivered through a specific software product. It enables the user to directly manipulate and retrieve data. If offline, working with locally stored data is possible. Direct-access GIS applications are installed on the user?s computer either as java applet or as a full software. ArcExplorer is an example of a direct-access GIS used especially for intranet system based data sharing. It doesn't take too much disk space and allows preparing graphics and inserting maps in word-processing documents. ArcExplorer can be installed as stand-alone application or as ActiveX plug-in to a Web browser. (Weise, Ulrike, Internet GIS)"
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Cartography, 2002.
This paper studies the early and recent developments in the science of cartography.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
Cartography plays an instrumental role as an important source of information from a historical and geographical perspective. This paper examines the development of cartography and its significance in the study of geography. The paper also looks at how maps are playing a bigger role in our lives today, in the forms of weather maps and sattelite photography.
From the Paper
"With the expansion of education in the 19th century, more and more people were exposed to the use of maps. Maps became were fast becoming common but it was not until much later that they were found to be the best tool for getting around in unknown areas. Its odd that maps should not have been more common early on since they always had a place in the educational system and in the Bible. The apostles appeared to have had knowledge of maps and so did the ancient kingdoms of Israel.
Maps seemed to have had a place in most of history as a form of symbolization to help communicate a sense of a place. Medieval and classical maps were revolutionized during the colonial periods as exploration flourished. Even now, technological advances are still creating a revolution that is changing the mapmaking process."
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Global Positioning Satellites (GPS), 2002.
An analysis of the theory and history of global positioning satellites.
1,343 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the theory of global positioning satellites, illustrating the technology behind the system. The history of global positioning satellites is outlined, describing the first global positioning system, the transmission functions and the reception of information from global positioning satellites. The paper presents the advantages of the global positioning satellites system.
From the Paper
"As the name suggests, the global positioning satellite system is based on satellites. It is a navigational system that comprises of a complex arrangement of satellites that orbit round the earth. Twenty-four in all, these satellites are eleven thousand nautical miles far in space. There are six dissimilar orbits wherein the satellites continually keep revolving. It takes these satellites twenty-four hours to complete two orbital revolutions round the Earth. Upon calculation, the revolutionary speed of these satellites is computed to be around 2,600 meters per second (JA-GPS.com)."
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Suburbia, 2002.
A study of the evolution of American suburbia.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the social and environmental aspects of the historical growth of the American suburb. It describes the great success of the first suburb, Llewellyn Park in West Orange, New Jersey. The paper illustrates that the materialist suburbs were originally intended for nature loving people.
From the Paper
"?Build therefore, your own world,? (Emerson, 46). It is as if these words, written by Emerson in his 1836 publication of ?Nature? were written in specific reference to the creation of Llewellyn Park in West Orange, New Jersey. The park, the first American garden suburb, was built on the principles of just that, creating a new reality in the already existing hustle and bustle of the real world. This park, in its essence, was the beginning of the erection of ?suburbia? in that it had a snowballing effect which started people moving from the reality of the cities to a more quiet enclave of suburban life. Following in the steps of Llewellyn Park, suburbs began popping up all over the nation in an attempt to recreate a habitat within the serene wilderness in the fad and preoccupation of the time to return to nature."
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