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Kazakhstan Today, 2007.
A description of Kazakhstan today, including its economy, people and standard of living.
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a general background of Kazakhstan today, focusing on its people, politics and economy. The paper gives a comprehensive discussion of the ethnic mixture that makes this nation so interesting, including its various religions. The paper also gives a brief history of this emerging nation to place it in its current context. The author further describes concerns with the current government. The paper concludes with an optimistic outlook for the economic future of the country.
From the Paper
"Sovereign for just over a decade, Kazakhstan has been inhabited by Turk and Mongol nomadic groups for centuries. The region was conquered by the Russians in the 18th century and later, Kazakhstan became one of the republics of the Soviet Union. Modern Kazakhstan reflects a commingling of indigenous Kazak and Russian influences. Russians comprise about one-third of the nation's population and both Russian and Kazak are widely spoken. Russian is more commonly used than Kazak as the language for business and commercial transactions, whereas Kazak is the official state language. In spite of robust economic and political ties with Russia, Kazakhstan does not permit dual citizenship. According to the BBC Country Profile, ethnic Russians in Kazakhstan "resent the lack of dual citizenship and having to pass a Kazakh language test in order to work for government or state bodies." One of the motivations for Kazakhstan's strict citizenship policy is the struggle to create a "cohesive national identity," (CIA)."
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Cultural Miscommunication, 2007.
This paper looks at Bernard Malmud's "The German Refugee" and Zitkala-Sa's "The School Days of an Indian Girl."
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Laray M. Barna's theory that cultural miscommunication can occur even between people of the same religion or the same nationality. The paper looks at clashes between German and American Jews and between Native and white Americans. The paper describes the story of German refugee Oscar Gassner. The paper describes how he is conflicted between his sense of German nationalism and the impersonal New York environment. The paper looks at Zitkala-Sa's "The School Days of an Indian Girl" that shows the clash of cultures between an American Indian girl and her white classmates.
From the Paper
"This is seen poignantly in the fate of the German refugee Oscar Gassner. Oscar is conflicted between his sense of German nationalism, which he still retains within his soul, and the impersonal New York environment, which assumes that everyone who comes to the city, loves the city, and is willing to embrace a new identity, that of an American. Oscar still remembers his wife, a non-Jew, back in Germany, and wonders if "in her heart," she was "a Jew hater," and that all non-Jews are Jew haters (Malmud, p.186) Also, Oscar's fellow Jews assume that he is happy to be in America, and that America is good place for Jews to live. Oscar is assumed to be the same as Americanized Jews, because he is of the same persecuted religion."
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"The Accidental Asian", 2007.
This paper reviews "The Accidental Asian" by Eric Liu.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses "The Accidental Asian," a collection of autobiographical essays describing the author's experience as an Asian- American and his views regarding cultural identity. The paper shows Liu's belief that although cultural identity does exist, the connection between race or cultural belonging and the individual is not altogether definite. The paper discusses how, although Liu looks Chinese and shares a cultural background with his people, he does not feel that this makes him any less American.
From the Paper
"Both the hints to political issues and the vivid portraits of his family members, like his father or his grandmother are musings on the theme of identity and its exact nature. Whether Liu speaks about such scandals as the "Asian Money" scandal involving president Bill Clinton, for whom Liu had written many speeches, or the Chinatown in which he and his family accidentally encounter his grandmother among other Chinese people, or about his father's life and character, all the scenes that make up the book revolve around the same idea- Liu's feeling that race and identity are almost impossible to define."
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Middle Eastern Countries Curb Subversive Activities, 2007.
This paper looks at Middle Eastern countries that manage to curb subversive activities.
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that certain Middle East countries, specifically, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and to a large degree Egypt and Saudi Arabia, as governments, as nations, seem to have few problems curbing fundamental subversion and the terrorist forces which have been otherwise successful in interrupting the economies and political processes of other governments in that area of the world. This silence causes the researcher to wonder, and to take a closer look at those countries where subversive activities are held in check, and where the people of those nations seem to inhabit the same rural and metropolitan spaces without leaving bombs in fruit stands or along the roadside aimed at killing whoever might come along. The writer discusses the difference between those countries where those kinds of destruction are not the order of the day, versus those nations where roadside bombs, destruction and the maiming of civilians are indeed very much the order of the day.
Outline:
Introduction
Focus, Comparison and Contrast
UAE
Answers From Within
Jordan
Islamic Justice
From the Paper
"Still, unlike the UAE, Jordan has remained a self-sustaining economy, relying largely upon imports for its greater population needs, and subsistence for the small, largely impoverished family-farmers. Perhaps it is this simplicity in the economics of self-sustaining one's family on the land that has contributed to achieving a measure of stability in Jordan's political dynamics. It is difficult, one would suspect, to become overly interested in world politics, or even religious fanaticism, when one's focus must be that of sustaining small families in an agricultural environment where the land and product by which one sustains one's self and family is intricately intertwined with the forces of nature."
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Women's Issues in Ethiopia, 2005.
A review of the struggles that face Ethiopian women.
1,562 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Ethiopian women and the hardships and struggles they endure. According to the paper, the mortality rate amongst Ethiopian women, is very high. The paper goes on to say that the reason for this is the food taboos observed among pregnant women, poverty, early marriage and birth complications of female genital mutilation or FGM, especially infibulation.
From the Paper
" The National Policy on Women was established in 1993 to set up appropriate structure within government offices and institutions, which would introduce and implement appropriate gender-sensitive public policies. The 1995 Ethiopian government renewed its commitment to the policy under its new Constitution. It also waged an intense and extensive regionalization process, which would spread gender-sensitive policies and development interventions. Currently, interventions made available for the women of Ethiopia have consisted largely in temporary and unconnected individual projects. If these continued, they tended to just remain gender-neutral and not too effective in benefiting these women. The biggest challenge confronted by regional governments in Ethiopia is that the reverse hierarchy of activities does not reach targeted women effectively. Reasons include a lack of institutional capacity at the sub-regional level and the lack of participation in delivery assistance services. Development plans are not demand-driven and, thus, have failed to recognize regional differences. This trend has disconnected the target women from development interventions. The view at this point does not appear very optimistic."
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Cultural Competency in Social Work, 2007.
A look at why it is important for social service workers to be culturally competent.
1,914 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses why globalization and the growing ethnic populations in the US have made it increasingly necessary for today's social service workers to be culturally competent. The paper presents the National Association of Social Workers ten standards of cultural competence. The author then defines cultural competence and its role and importance to a social services worker. The paper includes anecdotes from social work professionals to highlight various points. The author concludes that being culturally competent enables the social worker to provide better serives to the client.
From the Paper
"A stereotype, however, would be a situation where someone would say, "Mexican women often express their pain loudly." If there is a Mexican patient who is complaining loudly about her pain and I the nurse ignores her, thinking, "Don't worry; Mexican women express their pain loudly," then she is guilty of stereotyping. If, on the other hand, she knows in general that female Mexican patients often express themselves this way, she would check with the family to see if this particular woman is vocal when in pain and follow up by checking her complaint (Galanti, 23). "
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The Meaning of Race, 2007.
This paper analyzes "Racial Formation in the United States" by Michael Omi and Howard Winant.
859 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, according to Michael Omi and Howard Winant, races are not born, but instead are fashioned out of societal constructions, historical needs and personal assumptions about what constitutes identity. The paper explains Omi's and Winant's view that race is a matter of history, current society and how people see themselves and have been taught to see themselves. The paper discusses the authors' term 'racial formation,' and their analysis of race's intersection with society on a macro and micro level.
From the Paper
"This theory has political as well as personal implications. For example, Affirmative Action seeks "to overcome specific socially and historically constructed inequalities," not by creating race as a category, but by acknowledging the effects the categorization has had, previously, upon people's lives. (73) Omi and Winant first wrote their text during the 1980s, during the high tide of the Reagan conservative revolution, when the desire to forget America's negative racist past was often described as desiring to see people as just people, or just as Americans, rather than in terms of these American's racial categories. This supposed idealism, the authors suggest, merely creates more injustice, namely blindness to the social inequality created by racism because of past history."
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Ethnic Identity Development, 2007.
This paper examines the identity development of ethnic minority adolescents.
1,002 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how adolescence is a crucial stage in life for the formation of identity. The paper shows how important it is for differences among ethnically diverse adolescents to be understood and addressed by influential figures in their lives, such as parents, teachers and clinicians. The paper examines the relationships between ethnicity and identity status and the effect that parents have on the identity development of Latino and African-American adolescents.
From the Paper
"As cited by Torres (2004), the 2000 census reported a dramatic increase in Latinos in the United States, making them the largest minority group in the nation. Between the years 1990 and 2000, the Latino population in the United States increased by 57.9%, which was the greatest increase of any ethnic or racial group in the United States. This dramatic increase results in a more diverse population, including that observed among adolescents in school and community settings. Therefore it is important that appropriate and effective resources be available for ethnically diverse adolescents in order to facilitate healthy identity development."
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Black Elk's Religion, 2006.
A look at the life of Native American, Black Elk, and his strong Christian beliefs.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the life and beliefs of Black Elk, member of the Oglala Sioux nation. According to the paper, Black Elk had many visions, the first of which he experienced at age nine. The paper goes on to discuss how Black Elk provided leadership in the acceptance of Christianity for a peaceful coexistence with the dominant society, while at the same time remaining a Lakota traditionalist at heart.
From the Paper
"Black Elk shared his vision with the entire tribe, which then carefully enacted each detail (Wink 2000). They gathered sixteen horses: four black horses which represented the west, four white horses for the north, four sorrels for the east, and four buckskins for the south, and all with riders painted accordingly (Wink 2000). Then they began dancing, wheeling from one quadrant of the sacred circle to the next, drawing everyone into the circle until all were within the center (Wink 2000). A stick was planted in the earth that would flower as a sign of life and hope for the Sioux tribe (Wink 2000)."
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Immigrant Integration in France, 2007.
This paper explores the racial divide in France between North African Muslims and French mainstream society.
1,338 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the problem facing North African Muslim immigrants in France is one of both social stigma and economic disability. The paper describes how an unsympathetic government combined with the plight of misinformed French citizenry has caused a near breaking point between the relationships of immigrants and the mainstream populace. The paper shows how the current terrorism and fear of Islamic fundamentalism has had a profound effect on efforts at immigration integration. The paper asserts that France must take further steps to promote greater economic and political incentives for immigrant integration, or else they will face worse problems than rioting within their national borders.
From the Paper
"North African Muslims is the largest sector of immigrants within France, the majority of them came during the migration of World War I from such countries as Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. According to statistics, almost 25% of the total population of inner Paris are immigrants and 14% of the metropolitan area in general. There are over three million North African Muslims living in France according to recent demographic studies. The composition of North African immigrants is contrary to traditional models and the problems they face are unconventional as well."
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"The Clash of Civilizations", 2007.
An analysis of the theories and relevance presented in "The Clash of Civilizations" by Samuel Huntington.
967 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the theories presented in Samuel Huntington's thesis, "The Clash of Civilizations." The paper then discusses why Huntington's thesis appears to be so compelling to some people today, many years after it was written. The paper discusses his theories in relation to current events in order to explain why it is more popular today, than when it was written in 1993.
From the Paper
"These clashes are now new; too put them into perspective Huntington notes that the conflict between Western civilization and the Islamic civilizations has been going on for 1,300 years. That is important for today's generation of scholars and students to know, because many students are only aware of names like bin Laden and groups like al Qaeda and Hezbollah. Indeed, after WWII, when the colonial empires of the West faded, Arab nationalism emerged, followed by Islamic fundamentalism, he asserts. He was correct when he wrote that "centuries-old" military confrontations between the West and Islam are "unlikely to decline.""
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Nineteenth Century U.S. Immigration, 2007.
This paper discusses the U.S. immigration of people seeking the "land of opportunity, which peaked between 1870 and 1900, resulting in a large growth in the nation's population.
1,540 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that between 1870 and 1900 an estimated 12 million people immigrated to the U. S. from all over the world especially from China, Germany, Ireland, England and eastern Europe. The author points out that most immigrants, the majority of whom were young adults, came because of the low wages and difficult living conditions in their homelands. The paper relates that these immigrants generally were met with a somewhat hostile environment that demanded they make behavioral adjustments, accept national social structures and American ideals and assume an American identity
From the Paper
"Between 1851 and 1921, more than 3.5 million Irish arrived in North America, the majority of who were of the poorer farming classes. The proportions of family groups declined, while those of the working-age adolescents and adults increased. And while males dominated other ethnic immigrant groups, the nineteenth and early twentieth century Irish immigrants were distinctive in that the sexes reached near parity in numbers. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Irish immigrants were likely to be young, aged fifteen to twenty-four, unmarried, technically unskilled, Catholic, and from the poverty-mined west of Ireland."
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Medical Care, Race and Class, 2007.
An analysis of the discrepancies that exist in medical care for different races and classes in the United States.
1,384 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of medical care as it relates to different races and classes of Americans. Specifically, it compares and contrasts the differences in medical care for Blacks and Whites and different classes in the United States. The paper concludes by offering some ideas about equalizing healthcare between the different races and classes.
From the Paper
"A study completed in 1985 indicates that this group has a greater risk of not being treated effectively while being underinsured. This literature review looks at studies since 1985 to find differences or improvements in ethnic health care. They searched the MEDLINE database to find U.S. studies from peer-reviewed journals through 1999. They looked at studies that were general, and that covered specific diseases. They found, after including over 400 articles and studies for review, that there is still a disparity between ethnic groups, minorities, and whites in America. They looked at studies of several different conditions, and found clear results in some areas, and less clear results in others. However, all the studies showed disparity in healthcare between whites and other ethnic groups, and all showed there are still problems with minority health care throughout the industry."
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Armenian Genocide, 2007.
An analysis of the factors leading up to and following the Armenian genocide by their Ottoman rulers.
6,433 words (approx. 25.7 pages), 28 sources, APA, £ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Armenian genocide that occurred at the hands of the Ottoman Empire from the start of the First World War. The paper describes the background of Armenian life and politics under the Ottoman rule. It then discusses the factors leading up to the genocide and how it was carried out by the Turks. The paper concludes by discussing the aftermath of the genocide and the subsequent denial by the Turks.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
The Armenian People and the Coming of the Ottomans
Prelude to Disaster
Armenian Life and Politics under Ottoman Rule
Genocide
A Taste of Things to Come: The Hamidian Massacres
The Great Slaughter
Aftermath
The Agony of Turkish Denial
From the Paper
"It is now more than ninety years since the slaughter came to an end. Hundreds of thousands of Armenian men, women, and children suffered and died cruel and needless deaths at the hands of the Turks. The jingoistic authorities of World War One Turkey used military disaster as an excuse to exterminate an entire people. The state that remained after the final collapse of the Ottoman Empire, in the 1920s, was overwhelmingly Muslim and Turkish. Its new rulers did everything possible to extirpate memories of the past, to cause its citizens to believe that they had acted rightly, and steadfastly, in creating a new and purified Turkey that was stronger and better than the old multi-ethnic, multi-religious empire of the sultans. Today, children in Turkish schools are not taught about the Armenian Genocide... well, at least not in those terms. The massacre of one and a half million innocent souls is glossed over, washed free of its character as a global first in the "science" of ethnic cleansing."
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