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21st Century Energy Demands, 2006.
Examines globalization and the demands for energy in the 21st century.
5,100 words (approx. 20.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 78.95
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Abstract
According to recent reports, supplying enough energy on a reliable basis at prices that will not cripple the global economic growth has become a challenge with consequences that are difficult to predict. The paper shows that, although this will provide new opportunities for oil and gas companies, pipelines, generators, utilities and others in the energy business, it also carries serious risks. The paper shows that the demand for energy is growing, not only in the developed economies of Europe, Japan and North American, but in developing countries as well. In fact, the fastest demand growth is in China and other emerging markets, thus from one side of the globe to the other, societies are needing and demanding more fuel. The paper examines how the world is able to deal with increased energy demands in the 21st century.
From the Paper
"There is no avoiding the fact that the success of globalization is underscored by dramatic increases in consumption, and with increased consumption comes environmental degradation (Marber pp). Current and projected damage to the environment can impede economic progress, and climatic changes attributed to greenhouse gas emissions and pressure on natural resources have become serious problems (Marber pp). Resource scarcity is an issue the world will have to confront as two to three billion more people consume like middle class Americans over the next fifty years (Marber pp)."
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Electronics Aiding Humanity, 2005.
This paper reviews many examples of advanced electronics, which are playing very critical roles in many areas including the biomedical and learning environments.
3,015 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that electronics technologies empower man to do things that were never imagined before such as completing advanced tasks faster and easier such as the automated teller machines (ATMs). The author points out that advances in the discipline of biomedical engineering have made the impossible "possible" by working closely with doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers to develop a range of computing, instrumentation, imaging and telemedicine equipment. The paper relates that electronic forms of learning, calls "e-learning", have evolved in different methods, which makes use of assisted programs and software in which the speed of teaching can be adjusted to the learning ability and speed of the learner and to physical impairments.
Table of Contents
The Importance of Electronics in Today's Society and How Mankind Relies on the Current Technologies
Electronics Technology in the Development and Aid of Human Life and Longevity
Technical Achievements in the Area of Biomedics
Technology in Electronics - Aiding Other Defects of Humanity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The truth that electronics aid humanity may be a subject for debate. However, it must be noted that nothing else may beat your doubt on electronics but the fact that we can derive from others' experiences that the technological advances in electronics really assist man in sustaining his life and surviving from the weaknesses of our physical body. More so, we may derive such information from our relatives and friends who may have experienced recovering from diseases with the aid of advanced biomedical machines, made possible by advanced electronics. Or, you can also ask this question to yourself to provide a view on how effective do you really believe can technology as applied in electronics will help, assist, and aid humanity?"
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Stem Cell Research, 2005.
A discussion on stem cell research as an example of genetic engineering.
1,225 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how embryonic stem cells are of great interest due to their ability to develop into virtually any other cell produced by the human body. It discusses how it is likely that the first potential applications of human embryonic stem cell technology will be in the area of drug discovery because the ability to grow pure populations of specific cell types offers a "proving ground" for chemical compounds that could have medical importance.
From the Paper
"In the three to five day old embryo, called a blastocyst, stem cells in developing tissues give rise to the multiple specialized cells types that make up the lung, skin, heart, and other tissues. In some adult tissues, such as bone marrow, muscle, and brain, "discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacements for cells that are lost through normal wear and tar, injury or disease. Scientists believe that stem cells may become the basis for treating diseases such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and heart disease."
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Sustainable Energy Sources, 2006.
An analysis of the environmental costs and benefits of nuclear energy as a sustainable energy source.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the costs and benefits to the environment of using nuclear energy. The paper explains that while theoretically nuclear energy is a clean, effective, efficient and almost inexhaustible form of power, public opinion is widely opposed to its usage. However, the author of this paper maintains that that opposition is based on misinformation. The paper explains the process of creating and harnessing nuclear energy, showing how it is nearly identical -- save the source of the heat -- to that used by geothermal energy plants and many coal-burning plants. The paper further demonstrates that nuclear energy is actually the safest, most environmentally-sound energy option and concludes that more should be done to support its adoption as America's primary sustainable energy source.
From the Paper
"The public's apprehensive assessment of nuclear power remains its most serious obstacle. Although disasters and fatalities have been fairly limited, the potential for catastrophe is not overlooked by anyone. The Three Mile Island disaster seems to be burned into public perception regarding any discussion of nuclear energy (Beder, 224-5). Additionally, radioactive nuclear waste cannot be dumped back into the environment: it remains dangerous for thousands of years. As a consequence, collecting, relocating, and storing this waste presents environmental risks that most other energy resources are not associated with. Naturally, if proper precautions are taken and no mishaps occur; nuclear power is perhaps the most cost effective, cleanest, safest, and sustainable form of energy society has to offer. However, all rests upon its appropriate handling and the public's trust in its distributors."
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Thomas Alva Edison, 2006.
A biography of the life and work of Thomas Edison.
1,427 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the career of Thomas Edison, who is connected with the development of such invaluable inventions as the telegraph, the submarine cable, the telephone, the electric light, the electric railway, the electric trolley-car, the storage battery, the electric motor and the phonograph. The paper not only looks at the inventions that were Edison's brainchild, but also at the improvements he was able to make with other peoples inventions.
From the Paper
"Telegraph and its connection with Edison are interesting. When Edison was born in 1847, telegraph had already been invented but it was not generally accepted by the public. Wheatstone and Cooke are credited with the invention of magnetic needle telegraph in England while Morse had invented the electromagnetic telegraph in 1840 in America. In 1847, telegraph was still in its infancy and the farthest west it could reach was Pittsburg. It was however an exciting invention with unlimited possibilities and Edison from the very young age showed keen interest in it. He and his friends first developed a local primitive telegraph system across his neighborhood. This allowed them to send messages to each other. This worked well till a minor incident brought the entire system down and Edison's childhood experimentation with telegraph came to a screeching halt."
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Substitute Skin, 2006.
This paper discusses the engineering of substitute skin.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 25 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the demand for substitute skin is because (1) the loss of significant amounts of this layer can result in functional morbidity or death and (2) the many burn injuries and dermatological disorders such as chronic skin ulcers and nevi excision, which require substitute skin. The author points out that, to design a skin substitute, it is necessary to replace both the dermal and epidermal layers because the dermal layer cannot spontaneously regenerate in humans and the epidermal layer is needed as protection for underlying dermis. The paper relates that the three main types of temporary skin substitutes, which are used for coverage of wounds that do not completely eliminate the dermis or for areas where skin is being removed as a donor site, are allograft, synthetic, and bio-synthetic; whereas, the two main types of permanent skin replacements are bio-synthetic and biologic, but many of the newer types of artificial skin being developed are a combination of both categories.
From the Paper
"The basic design criteria specified by Yannas and Burke have become standards used to fabricate new skin alternatives. These criteria utilize two separate stages of design. The initial stage involves keeping bacteria out of the body and retaining water within the body [9]. Once these goals have been met, a second long-term stage involves improvement of cosmetic appearance and tissue scarring, minimizing contracture of the skin, and anchoring to the underlying tissue [9]. In addition, it is assumed that the skin is non-toxic. Researchers have added several more goals to the design criteria since the original publication by Yannas and Burke. These goals are to make the artificial skin easy to store and use and to produce it inexpensively [7] as well as reducing heat loss and pain in the area and providing a hypoxic area wherein wound healing would occur faster."
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Traffic Support Systems, 2006.
A discussion about using fuzzy logic for traffic support systems.
807 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the need for improved traffic safety systems. The paper explains what fuzzy logic is, using the example of how it works to regulate temperatures on an air conditioner. It explains that fuzzy logic is used to measure imprecise and dynamic factors and allows for a reasonable judgement. In conclusion, writer states that fuzzy logic has improved the overall quality of life in other areas and posits that using fuzzy logic to assess traffic systems will result in traffic agencies making better overall decisions regarding traffic safety.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Motivation
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Fuzzy Logic allows us to measure imprecise and dynamic factors and allow for a reasonable judgement. For example, an air conditioner employing Fuzzy Logic can automatically regulate the temperature. If it's too hot, it will lower the temperature. It it's too cold, then it will increase the temperature. However, it's difficult to define what is "too hot" and what is "too cold". Also, there's the factor of humidity (dampness and dryness). Fuzzy Logic can control the system by accepting these dynamic variables and generating an optimal temperature output, providing better comfort for the user. Fuzzy Logic is now widely used in consumer electronics, agriculture, and manufacturing systems."
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Japan's Nuclear Capabilities, 2006.
This well-researched paper examines not only whether Japan has the capability to create nuclear weapons but whether or not Japan already has these actual weapons.
6,555 words (approx. 26.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 91.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper explores the sometimes fragile alliance between Japan and the U.S. and ponders whether or not Japan is capable, from a technical standpoint, of creating nuclear weapons. This paper delves into the possibility that Japan may already have nuclear weapons in its possession. A large number of Japanese citizens and successive governments have favored continuing the alliance with the U. S. which involves enormous reliance on American security and military power to protect Japan from attack. This paper defines article 9, the renunciation of war, of Japan's Peace Constitution. The writer also discusses the economic benefits in developing and maintaining nuclear weapons. This well-researched and informative paper considers some of the means Japan could employ to gain greater military autonomy which includes completing the development and production of advanced weapons such as the FSX fighter. This paper also discusses the various groups and parties that oppose nuclear weapons including the Japan Council against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs.
From the Paper
"Considering that the huge military-industrial complex of United States is an often-criticized force in the American economy and that maintaining a similarly high level of expenditures on weapons was a critical factor leading to the economic and political failure of the former Soviet Union, many in Japan are understandably content not to have a defense industry of a comparable magnitude. But there are some Japanese willing, and even eager, to duplicate or surpass American state-of-the-art military technology. Those who wish to see Japan more independent of reliance on the American power, who believe Japan's future is dependent on an autonomous defense establishment, favor the concept of Kokusanka or, indigenization of defense production."
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Genetic Engineering: Cloning, 2006.
This paper focuses on the scientific and genetic aspects of cloning as well as detailing the various methods of both natural and artificial cloning.
2,950 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper defines cloning as the production of a group of genetically identical cells or organisms, all descended from a single individual. The members of a clone have precisely the same characteristics, except where mutation and environmentally caused developmental variation have occurred. The first recorded cloning experiment took place in 1938, when a German scientist experimented by transferring a nucleus from an adult cell to an enucleated egg which resulted in the successful creation of an identical twin. This paper details the various types of artificial and natural cloning which include: Molecular cloning, cellular cloning, embryo twinning, natural regeneration, primary reproductive mode and supplementary reproductive mode. The writer of this paper also discusses the moral and ethical controversy surrounding genetic cloning.
From the Paper
"Some examples of cloning from nature are the primary reproductive mode and supplementary reproductive mode. The primary reproductive mode occurs in species whose reproduction is strictly asexual; each population consists of one or more clones, depending on the number of individuals in the colony there was to start. Such species include all bacteria and blue-green bacteria, most protozoans, algae, some yeast, and even some higher plants and animals, such as dandelions and flatworms. Supplementary reproductive mode occurs in some algae, which reproduce sexually and asexually. Those individuals formed by asexual reproduction, called zoospores constitute a clone. In the club mosses and some higher plants, a runner, or stem, grows horizontally along the surface of the soil and at intervals produces roots and upright stalks. When the sections of stem between stalks disintegrate, the separated individuals constitute a clone."
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Urban Water and Sewerage, 2005.
This paper discusses the history of the development of sanitation and safe water supplies especially for urban areas including present day environmental laws.
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the importance of the growth and development of modern plumbing and sewerage has only been realized with the growth of the cities and the development of technology. The author describes the development of methods for supplying water to cities such as Chicago, New York City Philadelphia. The paper relates that the discovery of the direct relationship of disease and waterborne bacteria led further to the growth of plumbing; today the goal of every community to have a safe water supply is supported by many local, state and federal agencies and legislation.
From the Paper
"The first types of privies developed by men were of wood. From this came better structures made of metal. To a certain extent, they became the hallmarks of men of high esteem in the society. This is also reflected in the shape and facilities that are available in the bathrooms of the well-to-do today. The toilet was first called an outhouse. There was a certain Mr. William Byrd in 1730. He was the chief magistrate of the colonial court. His outhouse was made of brick in contrast to the then general construction of wood. Here the privy was semi-circular in shape and had five holes of different sizes. Thus the status of the individual was also probably measured by the privy. Thomas Jefferson was one of the few who had an indoor privy, and this was operated through a system of pulleys."
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ISO-9000 Quality Assurance and Control, 2005.
This paper suggests a method for applying the International Organization for Standardization (ISO-9000) process to the current business environment.
14,510 words (approx. 58.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 152.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that business management must (1) define the ISO 9000 standards and its relationship to the business, (2) present conformance with the guidance standards, (3) evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of seeking quality system certification and (4) define the reasons for non-registration of a quality management system. The author suggests that management should assign to a person or a group the task of reviewing the ISO-9000 series of standards including all latest revisions to the plan. The paper relates that, based on data from other business models, the suggested methodology is confirmed as a workable process to institute compliance with quality assurance and control in whatever portions of ISO-9000 are applicable Table of Contents Introduction and Importance of the Study Generic Management System Standards ISO - 9000 and ISO 14000 in Plain English What are the ISO Standards? What is Quality? Conformance and Guidance Standards Importance of Quality System Certification Reasons for Registration Elements of the Standard Keys to Identification The Year 2000 Revision of ISO - 9000 Available New Texts Discussion of Revisions Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Review Of Related Literature Methodology Methodology as a Training Tool Methodology of a Transition Planning Guide Data Analysis Text References Internet References Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Given the global importance of the quality management system standards, many national standards bodies are already working on the translation issue. ISO itself will publish the new standards in English and French, but if national language translations of the standards are currently available from your National Standards Bode, we expect that they will have the translation of the revised standards ready at the time of publication by ISO or very soon thereafter. For further information contact your National Standards Body."
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History of the Automobile, 2006.
An overview of the history of the automobile.
2,596 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how the automobile changed the world by bringing people closer together and allowing the population to spread outside the cities. The writer brings examples of various major automobile manufacturers, focusing on the American manufacturers. The paper explains that initially, automobile companies were scattered around America but by 1905, Detroit had taken the lead, never to relinquish it. In conclusion, the writer states that in one hundred years we have gone from the Model A, which won the race at Gross Pointe with an average speed of 43.5 miles an hour, to NASCAR where the average speed can reach well over two hundred miles an hour. The writer posits that automobiles have made the world a better place in which to live.
From the Paper
"However, the company was short lived. Ford wanted to improve the vehicle, but the stockholders balked and the company dispersed in 1900. Ford turned his attention to racing. In 1901, Ford built a twenty-six horse power engine. He entered the vehicle in a ten-mile sweepstakes race at Gross Pointe race track outside of Detroit. The race featured "several of the nation's outstanding drivers, including Alexander Winton" (Lewis, David Lanier, Ford 1903-1984 Beekman House: New York, 1983, P 10). Winton was the defending champion. Ford won the race with an average speed of 43.5 miles an hour. The victory was covered nationwide by the press, and several of the former stockholders of the old Detroit Automobile Company were in attendance. The stockholders saw the commercial advantaged of the new vehicle and The Henry Ford Company was formed. However, once again Ford and the stockholders didn't see eye to eye and Ford "left after only three months, taking with him a $900 settlement and the uncompleted drawings of a new racing car" (Lewis, David Lanier, Ford 1903-1984 Beekman House: New York, 1983, P 10). Ford continued to build a name building racing cars, and in 1903 with the help of ten investors he formed the Ford Motor Company. The company received little fanfare. "Ford was but one of 15 Michigan companies and one of 88 firms in the nation introducing automobiles in 1903, and neither the amount of its capitalization nor its prospects for future success were particularly noteworthy" (Lewis, David Lanier, Ford 1903-1984 Beekman House: New York, 1983, P 10). Ford's first production car was the Model A built in 1903. Ford's dream was to build a car that was inexpensive so everyone could afford one. He wished to build a car that cost only $500. Ford's prowess on the race track continued to increase the fame of the company."
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Surface Hardening, 2006.
This paper defines and explores the various methods of surface hardening which is a useful method for restricting the hardening of steel components which may at times be intricately shaped to certain areas and specifications.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper details the varying techniques of surface hardening which is a general term that is broadly defined as a useful procedure for restricting the hardening of steel parts. This well-researched paper focuses on three particular surface hardening methods which are commonly used in the steel industry to maintain quality assurance and quality control. Table of Contents: Letter of Transmittal General Surface Analysis Process Organic Analysis Process Imaging and Inorganic Analysis X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Conclusions Bibliography and/or References
From the Paper
"In accomplishing surface hardening a variety of techniques are employed, many age old while others involve the latest of technologies. In addition many of the techniques mentioned are proprietary in nature thus a thorough discussion of them, in many cases cannot be accomplished. Moreover, there are many resource references for even time-honored techniques whereby laboratories, manufacturers, universities and other institutions charge high fees for access to the information concerning processes. This pricing structure along with other security measures are necessitated by attempted and often-times unauthorized spread of the processes to potentially hostile nations of the United States and other countries."
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Radar and How it Works, 2006.
A review of the history of radar's development and an explanation of how it works.
3,780 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by explaining basically what radar is and for what it's used. Then the paper recounts the history of radar's development, both theoretically and practically. From the history of radar the paper returns to the question of how it works, but analyzes the physics in depth, and breaks down the operation of each of a radar system's components. The paper finishes with a review of modern applications of different types of radar systems.
Table of Contents:
The History of Radar
Robert H. Rines - American Father of Radar
How Radar Works
The Radar Transmitter System
The Oscillator
The Modulator
The Transmitter
The Antenna
Types of Radar
Simple Pulse Radar
Continuous Wave Radar
Phased-Array Radar
Secondary Radar
Modern Radar
References
From the Paper
"Parallel developments occurred in a number of countries. The highest frequency at which then-current technology allowed substantial power to be generated was about 30MHz, the top end of the HF band. UK radar development proceeded rapidly from 1935 so that by 1937 the first operational (HF) radars of the Chain Home series were demonstrated. These frequencies were in place at the outbreak of World War II and played a decisive role in the air defence of Britain during the War. Wartime radar development quickly moved on to shorter wavelengths as devices were developed to allow generation and control of the power, but the Chain Home radars remained in service, as originally installed. The Chain Home radars, operating between 25 to 30MHz, on occasions indicated returns from extreme ranges, due to ionospheric reflection beyond the horizon. But they were intended as line-of-sight radars and long-range returns from the distant ground via an ionospheric reflection were generally only a source of confusion. During the War some attempts were made to use the ionospherically propagated signal for long range detections of convoys but no success was achieved (or could be expected) and tests were dropped."
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