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European Union Regional Policy, 2008.
An examination of the goals and operation of a European Union regional policy to address income inequality among member regions.
2,839 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses some of the inequalities found within the European Union (EU) at the internal level and among opportunity between its different regions. It focuses on the potential benefits of setting up of a regional policy in order to help transfer resources from the rich to the poor areas. The paper discusses how the regional policy will be set up, its goals and how its goals will be achieved.
From the Paper
"A broadly held view holds that regional planning in Europe has developed within very distinctive legal and administrative frameworks i.e. British, Napoleonic, Germanic, Scandinavian and East European. In most of the Continental Europe especially within the Federal states there is a view that local and regional authorities possesses a general power over the affairs of their communities, in the United Kingdom notwithstanding the requirement to provide public services on a local degree as agents of central governments. The responsibility to do such is dependent on the concept of basic structure in case of local authority is powers conferred upon it by the centre."
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The Asian Currency Crisis, 2008.
An in-depth overview of the 1997 Asian currency crisis and its consequences.
2,707 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper provides the background of the 1997 Asian currency crisis and explains the five main causal factors. The paper then explores the effects of the Asian currency crisis on the Asian economic paradigm and concludes by relating that major hindrances still remain in the banking system.
Outline:
Main Explanations of the 1997 Asian Currency Crisis
Implications of the Crisis for the Asian Economic Paradigm
From the Paper
"The Asian currency crisis started in two phases of currency depreciations which were underway since the initial part of summer of 1997. The first round was marked by a steep decline of the Thai Bhat, the Malaysian Ringgit, the Philippine Peso and the Rupiah of Indonesia. Following the stabilization of the currencies, the second round set off with downward pressures hitting the Taiwan dollar, Won of S. Korea, Singaporean and Hong Kong Dollar. The governments of these nations had countered weakness in their currencies through the process of selling foreign exchange reserves and raising interest rates that in effect rendered economic growth sluggish and have made interest-bearing securities more appealing compared to equities. The currency crises also brought to light acute problems within the banking and financial sectors of the burdened Asian economies. (Nanto, 1998)"
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Growing Healthcare Costs, 2008.
An overview of the United States' national healthcare expenditures.
1,268 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper provides statistics on the United States' growing healthcare expenditures including those of Medicare, Medicaid, prescription drug spending, nursing home spending and home health spending. The paper reveals that since these expenditures increase year by year, it is obvious that population's state of health is only getting worse. The paper asserts that increasing health care expenditures and funding will not solve the problem, rather the government and population should increase their investment in prevention.
From the Paper
"United States' healthcare expenditures in 2005 reached $2 trillion total, and $6,697 per person. Healthcare expenditures increased 6.9% from 2004, accounting for the third consecutive year of deceleration. In the previous years, percentage increase values were the following: 7.2% in 2004, 8.1% in 2003, and 9.1% in 2002. These total healthcare expenditures growth that seems to be following a descending direction are due to lower growth in prescription drugs expenditures (CMS, 2007).
"Also, healthcare expenditures account for 16% of GDP, after a 0.1% increase. This increase is due to the 6.3 economic growth rate. This is a significant value for the country's economic development."
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The Euro as Reserve Currency, 2008.
An examination of the factors that may lead to the euro supplanting the US dollar as the dominant reserve currency in the world.
3,246 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the current decline of the US dollar. It specifically discusses the projections that the euro may eventually supplant the dollar as the dominant reserve currency in the world. The paper examines current currency trends in terms of the past, as well as in terms of the economic and political factors surrounding both currencies.
Table of Contents:
History
Current Economic and Political Factors
The Future
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The main problem with the dollar is its increasingly apparent instability as a result of the increasing debts of the United States government. This appears to indicate a rising crisis, which also lowers the current confidence in the currency. The fact that authors during 2004 already began to indicate the low confidence of the underground sector in the dollar currency appears to indicate that the currency might face future troubles. Concomitantly, the fact that a viable currency to replace it is available appears to indicate that this may become a reality, as predicted by an increasing amount of reports."
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Human Population Growth, 2008.
Looks at the way that population growth is having a negative impact upon the earth.
1,710 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that population growth is not only a problem of overgrowth but also of the intensified separation of the individual from the means of production and of the drive of profit over conservation. The author presents the writings of Malthus which forms the bases for this economical philosophy, which is now of ecological concern, too. The paper underscores that the modern separation from the means of production does not negate the fact that nearly everything humans need to sustain themselves is provided by the earth, either by natural or artificial means. However, it is possible that the growth of the human population can outstrip available resources.
From the Paper
"Wetlands conservation is in fact one of the most hotly debated issues, with regard to the further development of the human race, as she struggles to sustain herself, artificially in the natural world, almost completely removed from the means of production. We as humans argue that wetlands, serve no logical purpose for production, despite countless evidence that the purpose of wetlands is to cleans the earth of the toxins, human and naturally borne that attempt to re-circulate every time it rains and runs off down a stream or canal."
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Free Market Principles, 2008.
This paper discusses the promotion of the free market as a tool for the richest to promote their own well-being to the detriment of the poorest.
930 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that worldwide free market policies have been debated extensively for their help or hindrance in alleviating poverty, particularly in third-world countries. The writer points out that while some hold that the free market exists to provide all countries with the opportunity to compete worldwide and thus improve their economy, others hold that the policies related to this practice are fundamentally harmful for the economic development of specific countries. The writer maintains that both on a global scale and also in terms of simple humanity, it is without a doubt the ethical responsibility of the global rich to alleviate the suffering of the poor around the world. The writer concludes that rather than doing this via providing increasingly inadequate resources, a much more effective approach would be via a change in currently damaging policies.
From the Paper
"In principle, the free market philosophy promotes worldwide democracy and an equal opportunity for all countries to participate in the world economy. In reality, however, it appears that the promotion of the free market is merely another tool for the richest to promote their own well-being to the detriment of the poorest. Malawi, as recently reported in the New York Times, seems to be a case in point in substantiating this argument. While both political and economics issues are at stake, the most important in the Malawi case is the focus on ethics. Ethical issues relate not only to the world market and the responsibilities of the rich toward the poor, but also to individual countries and how they are governed."
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Economic Development and the Civil War, 2008.
This paper explores how economic developments in America, from colonization through the 1850s, contributed to growing divisions between the North and South.
1,836 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the economic development of colonial America in the South and the North and considers the levels at which that development had an effect. The paper explains the factors that played a role in the different evolution of the colonies, that include the institution of slavery, the political scene, the level of education and the economic needs. The paper concludes that the economic development of the North and South greatly influenced the relationship between the sides and eventually led to the Civil War.
From the Paper
"The period of the colonial America is widely considered to be one of the most important periods in the history of the US. It represented a time when the states identified their main political, economic, social, and cultural characteristics, which would later on influence the equilibrium that had to be established in the Union. However, due to historical experiences, natural resources, and more importantly, to the immigration flux that touched America as early as the 17th century, a certain differentiation between the North and the South states became increasingly visible. In the end, it was an important factor that triggered the start of the Civil War."
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Elasticity in Economics, 2008.
A discussion of the concept of elasticity in economics.
1,893 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that elasticity in economics measures the percentage reaction of a dependent variable to a percentage change in an independent variable. The paper presents an example of a bakery owner and shows the effects of price rises in products that are considered necessities for the customer. The paper then discusses the demand curve and looks at the factors that affect the elasticity of a particular product or service.
From the Paper
"Elasticity in economics is a powerful and commanding concept, and the concept is often used to measure the response or the sensitivity of one economic variable, against change in another economic variable. The concept of elasticity can be extremely important to economists and theorists, because of the fact that it would help one to comprehend better the impact that an economic action taken would have on the particular given situation, and this in turn would help greatly in the decision making process within any organization. One of the best examples of an economic variable is 'price'."
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Economics Theory, 2008.
This paper discusses economic theory, with a focus on the concepts of marginal change and marginal analysis.
1,911 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper explains economic theory on the basis of marginal theory and marginal analysis and shows how economic theory is often based upon the philosophy of utilitarianism. The paper offers plenty of examples of the practical application of economic theory and marginal analysis. The paper concludes that economic theory can be applied in any sector and especially in areas where one wishes to analyze one's profits against one's investment.
From the Paper
"A popular concept that is used both in macro economic theory, as well as in micro economic theory is that of marginal change. Marginal analysis is therefore one of the most important principles of economic theory, and one must study a few concepts of economic theory before one can proceed. Marginal change can be explained as a small addition or subtraction, in proportional comparison, to the total quantity of some variable. On the other hand, marginal analysis can be described as the analysis or the study of the relationships that are brought about by marginal changes, in related economic variables. As far as micro economic theory is concerned, marginal concepts are utilized primarily in order to explicate several different forms of optimizing behavior. For example, while customers are stated to be maximizing their utility or their satisfaction, companies are stated to be maximizing their profits. (Johnson, 2005) "
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Biofuel and Brazil, 2008.
A report on Brazil's participation in the rising international demand for bio-fuel.
3,474 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 16 sources, APA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the biofuel developments in Brazil and the many issues surrounding it. It also serves as an introduction to biofuel efficacy and creates a sense of the current epicenter of biofuel use and production. The paper discusses the history of biofuel use in Brazil, the effects it has had on culture and economy, the pros and cons of biofuel, the import and export market effects, cost differentiation, sugar versus corn ethanol, auto technology in Brazil, and provides a discussion of US and other international responses to Brazil's programs.
Outline:
Executive Summary
History of Biofuel in Brazil
How Brazil Import Export Market is Effected
History and Policy of bio-diesel in Brazil
Affects on Culture and Economy in Brazil
Change of Dependence from Fossil Fuel to Biofuel Degree of Success
Environmental Effects
Pros of Biofuel
Cons of Biofuels
Cost of Oil vs. Ethanol
Sugar Ethanol vs. Corn Ethanol
US Response
From the Paper
"The cost of oil versus ethanol is debated, as the whole picture is required for an understanding of the cost issue. With fossil fuel derived oil the earth has done the work of people with regard to creating a close to finished product. Though it is also important to note that depending on the feedstock used to create the fuel the cost can vary. Sugar ethanol is subsidized in Brazil, taxed at a lower rate and sold for half the price of traditional fuel, yet this does not completely reflect the cost in total of either. Cost must also be discussed with regards to vehicle changes, Brazil converted the car to met the fuel while most nations are doing the reverse, trying to build a car to run on a particular fuel, a more costly process. "
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Income Inequality, 2008.
This paper looks at the income inequality in the American economy.
1,447 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the national and international factors, social factors and micro and macroeconomic forces that affect income inequality in the United States. The paper explains the various indices that are used to calculate income distribution and concludes that all statistical observations and analyses point out that American incomes are extremely unevenly distributed.
Outline:
Abstract
Forces That Influence Income Inequality
Income Inequality Metrics
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The United States economy is the second largest on the globe, seconded only by the European Union. Praised for numerous achievements, the current economic background is lacking in several areas. Two severe criticisms stand out: a tremendous national debt of the Bush administration spent on national security and the continuous income inequality. Income inequality is a long debated force which still stirs waters. Disclaimers state that income inequality generates mass dissatisfactions and social problems; whereas advocates state that income inequality is itself the force that differentiates and motivates the working class."
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Globalization and the Consumer, 2008.
This paper shows how globalization is beneficial to the consumer.
864 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how globalization has brought about consumer power and consumer spending. The paper explains that the information availability, the different choices and the variety of goods and services gives consumers the faculty to make informed decisions on what they want, how they want and when they want. The paper advises that manufacturers, traders, suppliers and service providers would do well to improve quality and standards.
From the Paper
"Globalization has truly been a buzz word since the late 1900s and is defined as "the increased mobility of goods, services, labor, technology and capital throughout the world (AC Nielsen, 2006)." But in reality, globalization is not something new rather it has been going on throughout the ages. When Papal Bulls where issued in the 1500s dividing the world between the European powers then, the purpose of the journeys of the conquistadores was not only to seek new lands but goods as well that could be traded in the European continent. Therefore, the need was the result of consumer demands. The present globalization trend is no different especially since the availability of goods to consumers became astounding."
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Education in Third World Countries, 2008.
The writer studies the advantages of education to a nation and examines the status of education in third world countries.
2,729 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that achieving universal education is one of the UN's 8 Millennium Development Goals agreed to in 2000 by all the world's countries and the world's leading development institutions. The writer points out that although some progress has been made in increasing the level of education in most countries, a number of third world countries have fallen behind in their effort and are unlikely to achieve the goal by the target date of 2015. The writer outlines the benefits of education and discusses the co-relation between illiteracy and poverty. The writer then reviews the status of education in the third world countries. Finally, the writer enumerates the reasons for high levels of illiteracy in these countries and looks at how they can be overcome.
Outline:
Benefits of Education
Responsibility of Governments in Education and its Social Benefits
Individual/ Private Benefits
Co-relation between Poverty and Literacy
The State of Education in Third World Countries
Reasons for the Continuing Low Education Levels
Overcoming the Barriers
References
From the Paper
"There is a strong correlation between poverty and illiteracy. Wherever literacy rates are lower, poverty rates are invariably higher and vice-versa. The relationship between the two is a vicious circle as poor countries do not have sufficient resources to invest in education; most of the people who survive on incomes of less than 2 dollars a day cannot afford to send their children to school. On the other hand, a low literacy rate is a major barrier against personal improvement and prevents the poorest people to lift themselves out of the poverty trap.
"For example, in third world countries such as Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Mozambique and Nepal, 78% or more of the population lives on incomes below US$2 per day, adult literacy rates are below 63%, and the number of adult illiterates exceeds 5 million in each country."
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Globalization: Making Society Better, 2008.
This paper studies the effects of globalization and looks at its benefits to nations.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that from being demonized to lauded as the most critical economic engine that underprivileged nations have to rely on, globalization's influence is often clouded by inaccurate and often biased reporting and slanted by the political agendas of nations affected by its dynamics. The writer maintains that paradoxically the nations that have resisted globalization including many in Latin America are suffering economically more than ever before mainly due to their political instability and anti-globalization stance. Conversely, China and the Pacific Rim nations have taken a decidedly pro-globalization stance and as a result are reaping both democratic and economic gains, leading to gains in education, health care and ultimately the abilities of their countries to compete globally more effectively. In this paper the writer argues the benefits of globalization and looks at how nations' economies are further strengthened by participating and competing as a result. The writer concludes that globalization's effects on nations is to make them capable enough to seize freedoms that myopic and ill-advised anti-globalization activists would seek to rob from them through protectionism and ignorance of the fact that any given nations' ability to grow is based on its ability to globally compete.
Outline:
Synopsis
Defining Globalization
Globalization is Forcing a Concentrated Market Orientation
Summary
From the Paper
"When cost reduction is seen as the greatest competitive threat, it is easy for complacent organizations to rationalize that their products deliver superior value to their low-cost rivals. Yet the organizations with complacent cultures would do well to look deeper at their global competitors and realize a few key points. First, the fact that for many of these low-cost competitors, their core strength is in taking production, selling, and service processes to a new level of simplicity; something a competitor in a complacent environment will not even see. Second, there is the fact that every organization today is on a global playing field, every day, whether they want to see that perspective or not. Third, the fact that there are price leaders in every industry is no predictor of industry consolidation or contraction. When one considers these three key points its clear that for even the most complacent of organizations, they must see themselves as being a global competitor if they are to survive. Managerial decisions need to be more about heightening customer value over simply turning a deaf ear to global competition."
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