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Analysis of Monetary Policy, 2008.
An analysis of the importance of a monetary policy.
838 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper examines why monetary policy is an important aspect of macroeconomic stability. The paper looks at why the tools, procedures and the body for enforcing these tools and procedures are very important aspects of any society. The paper then explains that monetary policy is a tool utilized by policy makers to correct inflationary or recessionary gaps. Next, the paper points out that the tools of monetary policy are used throughout an economy for other purposes; hence there are drawbacks to using it for macroeconomic stability. The paper also explores whether the marginal benefit from monetary policy exceeds the marginal cost of using the tools of monetary policy. In addition, the paper looks at how monetary policy also has 'spillover' effects for other markets, such as the financial markets or general business operation. In conclusion, the paper shows that lowering inflation or closing recessionary gaps have been the primary focus of the policies.
Outline:
Introduction
A description of Monetary Policy: A General Overview:
- Open Market Operations
- Required Reserve Ratio (RRR)
- Discount Rate (DR)
Macroeconomic stability and Monetary Policy: A Look at the 1970s and 1980s
Monetary Policy Efficiency: How the Change Did or Could Have Impacted Me
From the Paper
"Monetary policy is used during inflationary or recessionary periods to correct the problem. Ideally during inflationary periods the Federal Bank and policymakers want to decrease the money supply and increase interest rates, so that borrowing/spending can be constrained. During recessionary periods, policymakers will try to do the opposite, that is increase the money supply, so that interest rates can rise and increase investment and spending, which will have a spill-over effect on employment (BOG: Federal Reserve System, 2006, p. 15)."
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Globalization and Immigration in Canada, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of globalization in terms of the immigrant population of the Greater Toronto Area.
2,208 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the impact of globalization upon the geography of population in urban and suburban Toronto, with specific reference to how it has transformed immigration to Canada and immigrant settlement in this region in particular. The thesis is argued that the impact of globalization and immigration in this regard has been mixed: on the one hand fostering economic growth and the creation of a multicultural society, while on the other increasing social and economic inequality leading to the concentration and segregation of immigrant populations within urban spaces. Beginning first with an outline of globalization and its relationship to immigration, the paper explores in greater detail the impact of these phenomena upon the local geographies of immigrant settlement in the urban and suburban areas of the Greater Toronto region.
From the Paper
"In this analysis, in order for Canada to meet the competitive demands of the globalized economy, it had to increase the number of immigrants for its labour force. Given the increasing prosperity of the traditional source countries in Europe, immigrants were increasingly drawn from non-traditional source countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The results of this are apparent in the increasing multicultural population of the city of Toronto. However, scholars have also noted how immigration has played a critical role in not only allowing the labour force to (re)produce itself generationally - in complementing the deficit from declining fertility levels - but also in introducing new skill sets and foreign capital to the economy. "
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Monetary Policy, 2008.
Looks a macroeconomic questions relating to monetary policy.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This document discusses macroeconomic questions relating to the supply of money and money creation. It also addresses macroeconomics issues such as consumption and gross domestic product. The Federal Reserve is examined first by its general structure and then through its monetary policy, and control and oversight thereof. Inflation is also examined as an effect of an oversupply of money. In addition, gross domestic product is discussed as an effective gauge of the overall economy as well as for what it is not a strong indicator of vis-a-vis the economy.
From the Paper
"The consumer price index (CPI) is also known as the retail price index and is a statistical measurement of prices (weighted and averaged) of a particular set of goods, good categories, or services, that have been purchased by wage earners in a given area or region. Economists use the CPI, as well as other indices such as the PPI, to monitor the well-being of the economy. The CPI is a key measure of inflation and is figured by weighting the various purchasing categories in reference to a base year currency; e.g. 20% food expenditures, 30% transportation and so on."
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The Minimum Wage Bill, 2008.
This paper explores the main components of the minimum wage bill that passed in the 110th Congress.
2,867 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the minimum wage bill that failed to pass in the 109th Congress and then succeeded in the 110th. The paper analyzes the legislative process and examines the components of the revised bill from an economic and political perspective. The paper shows how the MWB highlights how politics requires a thorough integration/balance between equities for workers, businesses and consumers. The paper includes full-color graphs.
Outline:
Introduction
109th Congress: Why Did It Fail?
110th Congress: How Did It Pass?
Fiscal Policy and Politics
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"The minimum wage was first set during the Great Depression, when the United States economy was going through a recession. Since competitive wages based on the laws demand and supply, would be extremely low and lead to a vicious cycle of poverty, it was necessary for the government to set a price floor for wages, so as to guarantee workers a wage rate that would maintain a minimum standard of living. This element of public and economic policy is determined by Congress, and changes to the minimum wage are determined by a legislative process within Congress."
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The Global Economy, 2008.
An examination of the realist theory regarding political systems and how these theories relate to th growth of international organizations.
1,796 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the relationship between state power and the economy. It looks at how far the realist explanation of political systems goes in addressing the nature of a global political economy. The paper then goes on to discusses the theories that explain the growth of international organizations in the past 25 years and provides examples to support its contentions.
Table of Contents:
The Relationship Between State Power And The Economy
International Organizations Over The Past 25 Years
From the Paper
"Let us start with free trade organizations, common markets, economic unions and the like. In the case of an agreement like NAFTA, where we start with the United States, Canada and Mexico the operation of the state's (economic) interest can be clearly seen. The United States is the major importer of Canadian goods, resources and raw materials. If Canada does not cooperate with a trade agreement it runs the risk of losing its major client. Certainly, if it does cooperate, it runs other risks, such as a loss of cultural autonomy--the ability to privilege Canadian content in the media, keep news sources Canadian, etc--or an environment where smaller Canadian companies find it difficult to compete with larger US ones. In the end, however, it is the economic interest which prevails, and unavoidably so. The thought process of the government faced with the decision might go something like this: We run the risk of doing damage to Canadian culture and industry, but if we do not go along with this trade agreement, we may irreparably damage the Canadian economy--and it would have no positive impact on Canadian culture or industry if we were to be plunged into a recession or depression, with no market for our goods, therefore we have no choice but to accept it. The government is not, in this case, attempting to uphold a capitalist system it is a part of it--it is just another producer ensuring that it maintains its customers, does not price itself out of the market and does not end the fiscal year in the red."
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Working Capital Policy, 2008.
A discussion of the importance of a working capital policy within a business.
1,982 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explores a comprehensive working capital policy and presents issues related to cash management techniques and long and short term financing. The paper also looks at elements of the ethical implications of the methodologies being devised. In addition, the paper examines the relative advantages and disadvantages of the methodologies employed within each categorization, as it relates to the working capital policy employed. The paper explains that working capital policy has become important as financial managers try to accurately monitor risk and exposure, and use policies for improved decision-making. The paper then points out that these policy actions and implications have gained much needed use, as organizations, try to utilize financing options and increase the overall efficiency of organizations.
Outline:
Introduction
Working Capital Policy
Ethical Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Financing within a firm or organization is one of the most expansive areas, and has some of the more pronounced and augmented processes embedded within the overall strategic development of financial management. However, there are some aspects that are frequently used and require special attention - cash management techniques, methods of short-term financing, and working capital policy. These areas become even more important, because they are utilized by most, if not all firms, irrespective of size and or general business objective."
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Mother to Child Transmission of AIDS, 2008.
This paper discusses the problem of mother to child transmission of AIDS in Africa and looks at a possible solution.
3,126 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
The writer notes that from a humanitarian point of view, as well as from an economic point of view, it would seem appropriate that authorities should endeavour to protect the most innocent of all innocent victims - new born babies. The writer then discusses that the existence of effective drugs offers the possibility of saving literally millions of newborns from the horrible fate of being born with AIDS. Thus, it would seem that curbing mother to child transmission of AIDS (MTCT) with the use of antiretrovirals should be the top priority of governments in sub-Saharan Africa. This would be the most humane and cost-effective way of coping with the AIDS crisis in the medium to long term. Yet this is not the case. This essay seeks to examine the extent to which MTCT is being combated in sub-Saharan Africa, the reasons for this lack of commitment and to come up with suggestions to improve the situation.
Outline:
Background/Rationale:
Objectives
Methodology
Outcomes
From the Paper
"The last-mentioned factor brings us to another problem that complicates the issue of MTCT in Africa. There is some controversy over the issue of nursing, as some studies have indicated that HIV is not transmitted in this way, while others have suggested that in poverty-stricken communities, the benefits of breast milk outweigh the risks posed by possible MTCT of AIDS. The problem is that - unlike in North America - in sub-Saharan Africa countless numbers of babies die of malnutrition, or from infectious diseases. Breast milk provides some measure of protection from both of these, as it is an ideal source of nutrition, and also passes the mother's antibodies to infants. Thus, it is extremely difficult to know whether to advise HIV positive mothers not to nurse - more harm may be done than good."
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The EU and the Euro, 2008.
This paper looks at the European Union and its benefits for western European countries.
1,292 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the European Union's (EU) success at executing and implementing its single currency and how it is a model advocate for all regions considering a currency block as an economic solution to global competitiveness. The paper then asserts that the future of the EU and continuing economic benefit for its Western markets lies in its economic management and how each member state effectively integrates its individual fiscal management with that of the greater whole.
Outline:
Unified Policies & Their Benefits
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The European Union (EU) has captured the imagination of the world with its relative success at creating a viable and effective union out of formerly competitive countries who, each, sought some sort of dominance over the continent. The EU's success at executing and implementing its single currency, the Euro, is a model advocate for all regions considering a currency block as an economic solution to global competitiveness. In fact, the EU's single currency, the Euro, is so strong that many analysts expect that, "The international role of the euro will probably equal (or exceed) that of the dollar by 2014 and Euroland, which will probably include all members by then, will insist on a commensurate voice in international monetary decision-making" (Europe par.8)."
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Lavazza Coffee, 2008.
An examination of the Lavazza Coffee company and the coffee industry in general.
1,506 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a business and industry description for Lavazza Coffee. In particular, the paper examines the key macroeconomic variables that affect the coffee industry and hence have an impact on Lavazza's operations; economic growth factors, issues dealing with employment/unemployment statistics, international trade/economics, and inflation. The paper also focuses on employment statistics and the CPI measure of inflation that can affect the coffee industry. The paper then evaluates the challenges and opportunities facing the Lavazza company.
Outline:
Coffee Industry
Competitive Analysis
Challenges and Opportunities
From the Paper
"The company concentrates on the domestic market and offers its products throughout the world via a distribution system with subsidiaries, namely London, New York, Paris, and Frankfurt and authorized distributors located in cities around the world. This type of marketing has proven to be successful in the past; however diversifying the target market will leverage Lavazza's name as the best quality coffee and optimize the firm's position in the future and in markets outside of Europe. There is a need to implement marketing tactics that will strengthen Lavazza's household name and reputation."
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The Student Loan Industry and Discrimination, 2008.
An analysis of the practice of redlining in the student loans industry and the private loan corporations' denial of any wrongdoing.
1,746 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, despite the adamant denials of student loan companies, the practice of redlining is alive and well in America. The paper then looks at the most pertinent laws and pieces of legislation safeguarding students rights in the area of loans. The paper also looks at some of the evidence recently brought to light which makes it clear that students are penalized unjustly by private loaners. Finally, the paper considers the arguments of private loan corporations that they are being unfairly targeted and it rebuts those claims.
From the Paper
"Still, while the student loan companies (some of them, at any rate) may be sincere in their conviction that they are merely trying to protect themselves from harm in a tough industry, the fact remains that it is minority students who are being disproportionately affected by all of this. Beyond that, the plaintive cry of the aforementioned companies that they are simply trying to make an honest "buck" falls upon deaf ears when it is considered how eager the corporations have been historically to exploit loopholes in federal legislation allowing them to collect massive subsidies from the government (Fitzgerald, A09). As well, there is mounting evidence that student loan companies have been altogether too eager to foster illicit ties with school officials - something that is borne out when examining a recent Springfield News-Leader article."
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East Asian Financial Crisis: Over or In Hibernation, 2008.
An analysis of the East Asian financial crisis.
2,181 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
The East Asian financial crisis was an important developmental economic event in that region. This paper attempts to put that financial crisis in perspective. The paper examines the speculation on whether the region still might suffer from or be prone to the effects of such a financial crisis. The paper also explains that the East Asian financial crisis can best be characterized as a currency crisis.
Outline:
I. Introduction
Motivation
Problem Definition
Goals and Objectives
Significance of Study
Summary of Results
II. Literature Review
Relative to Prior Research
Relevant Literature
Theory and Methodology
III. Methodology
Relation to Previous and Present Literature
Hypothesis Formulation
Advantages and Limitations
Plan of Analysis
IV. Data Collection and Analysis
Results and Explanations
Achievement of Goals and Objectives
V. Implications and Policy Recommendations
Implications
Policy Recommendations
From the Paper
"The 1997 East Asian financial crisis, also known as the IMF crisis, caused the contraction of many formerly robust East Asian and Southeast Asian countries. The crisis began in Thailand and quickly spread throughout the region with sudden devaluation of currencies, stock markets and various other economic structures (Li). One unique characteristic of the East Asian financial crisis was not that it occurred but that it spread like a pandemic from one economy to the other in the region. The problem examined here is whether these conditions or characteristics that led to the financial crisis in the region persist in any real sense."
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Macroeconomics of Interest Rates, 2008.
This paper examines the issue of interest rates as it relates to the economy.
1,856 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the recent economic reports and events with respect to interest rates and interest rate movements. The current state of the US economy is examined as well as the Federal Reserve handling of monetary and fiscal policy relative to the economy. Of particular importance is the Federal Reserve's strategic shift in policy from accommodative to appropriate. The writer concludes that it can be seen that interest rates are much more than one of many economic devices that the Fed has to influence the economy but is actually one of theprimary methods in which the Fed interacts and influences the direction of economic growth and expansion.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction & Thesis
Overview of Interest Rates
Types of Interest Rates
Impact of Change in Interest Rates
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Risk structure as it relates to interest rates is essentially the relationship between the interest rates on bonds that have the same term to maturity features. This leads to an active consideration of the default risk which is the chance that a given issuer of a bond may default by not being able to make the interest payments on the bonds at completion of the term or may not be able to meet the face value payment of the bond either. This creates the default risk model which implies that as the risk associated to a bond family increase then interest rates must also increase in order to compensate for the risk premium being incurred. Thus, since corporate bonds are more prone to market failure they typically bear a higher interest rate than government bonds, for example."
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Home Ownership for Low-Income Households, 2008.
An analysis of consumer choice and low-income housing.
2,570 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper establishes a model to elucidate how low-income heads-of-households (LIHOH) decide to purchase a home. The paper explains that after the decision is made, the model will predict the outcome for the homeowners when certain variables are changed, such as interest rates and income. The paper then establishes a hypothesis, proposes a way to prove the hypothesis using social science work done in previous studies, and then examines the outcome. Next, the paper examines what additional evidence might be collected in new quantitative studies to bolster or challenge the hypothesis. This paper also argues that the boom in housing ownership in the United States during the 1990s was largely driven by lower-cost loans, rather than changes in consumer preferences amongst lower-income heads of household. The paper points out that recent interest rate rises and changes in the job prospects of low-income earners in the US should predict a lower rate of house ownership in the future.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Methodology
Income
Expectations of Income Continuation
Previous Home Ownership
Down Payment
Interest Rates
ARM's (Adjustable Rate Mortgages)
Reverse Mortgages
Increasing Housing Prices
Non-Financial Home-Buying Incentives
Completing the Model's Assumptions
Results Analysis
Critiques of this Model
Need for Further Study
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Heads of household in poor households--defined as up to two times the official US poverty level of $16,000 per household (2004) in the US, or $32,000 (DeNavas-Wait). The rate of home ownership has increased in this segment of the US population during the 1990's (Belsky E. S. and Duda 1-45). Although many LIHOH figures are clouded by the mix between Hispanic, Black and other lower-income classifications, the trend towards higher homeownership in the 1990's is clear. According to the Federal Reserve Survey of Consumer Finances, more than 55 percent of lower-income households held debt in 2004, up from 45% in 1989."
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NAFTA: Does Trade Equal Prosperity?, 2008.
An argument that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has failed to improve the standards of living for North American citizens.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that the 'benefit' of increased trade has failed to usher in a new era of prosperity, of higher incomes, more jobs and better standards of living for all North American citizens. The paper asserts that the assumption that NAFTA would naturally benefit the economy, merely through the activity of an unimpeded and less-restricted market, was ultimately naive. The paper shows how although NAFTA has delivered an increase in trade, wages have not increased, social programs have been cut, working conditions have become worse and employment rates have risen.
From the Paper
"Much has been said about the positive effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement for all of the countries involved, during the time since its original inception. The benefits to trade have been especially lauded, as have other, perhaps originally unintended effects, such as the increased security of borders between the North American partner countries in a time of concern about terrorism. The agreement has also had its critics, however, in Canada, the U.S. and Mexico--critics who argue that the perceived benefits of NAFTA are far outweighed by its costs. Interestingly, critics in each of the countries involved find arguments to reason that their own country has suffered losses due to NAFTA, when one might expect that the less economically and politically powerful countries, Mexico and, to a lesser extent, Canada, would have suffered all of the negative consequences, while the USA would certainly have seen the benefits. This does not seem to be the case, and it is for this reason that it is not possible to portion out the costs and benefits of NAFTA in an absolute way. "
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