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Global Financing: Minimizing Risk, 2008.
An analysis of the role of multinational banks in minimizing the risks associated with global financing.
1,002 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the subject of global financing and the exchange rate. It focuses on the roles that international financial institutes such as World Bank, IMF and ADB for example, have with regard to global financing operations and risk management. The paper specifically looks at how multinational banks can minimize the risks associated with global financing.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Global Financing
Risk Management
Conclusions and Commentary
From the Paper
"Blount (1998) suggests that reductions in risks associated with global financing will stem from cooperative efforts between banks and political leaders. Such efforts should involve "defining uniform codes for security and financing issues" and "braiding exchange trading and bank settlement processes" in a manner that creates "multi-currency accounting" and financing systems (Blount, 1998: 38). While on paper this concept seems simple, it is often difficult to commingle varying political and economic interests between companies to create stable bank financing and exchange trading policies to which every country will agree to. At most global financial institutions can hedge risks by looking for and working with countries that demonstrate stability and an active interest in cooperating with other countries to create more fluid "global capital markets" (Blount, 1998: 38)."
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Free Trade and Economic Growth, 2008.
An analysis of the concepts of free trade, protectionism and economic growth.
1,251 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the basic principle behind free trade between countries. It discusses the purpose of free trade and the aims that it hopes to achieve. The paper then provides an economic analysis using the law of demand and supply in order to explain the rationale behind free trade. In addition, the paper discusses the concept of protectionism and relates it to free trade and growth.
Table of Contents:
Free Trade
Protectionism
Free Trade, Protectionism and Growth
From the Paper
"A deeper understanding of the rationale behind free trade can be obtained through an economic analysis using the law of demand and supply. The following graph illustrates a simple case of tariff being imposed on some imported good, and its effects on consumers, producers, and the government. It can be seen in the graph that prior to the tariff imposition, the price of the good is Pworld. After the tariff is imposed, the price rises to Ptariff. As a result, the domestic production increases from QS1 to QS2, and at the same time the domestic consumption decreases from QC1 to QC2. The effects of this tariff are as follows. The producers are better off, and the producer surplus increases (yellow portion of graph), the government is also better off as it gains additional tax revenue as a result of the tax imposition (the blue portion of the graph), but the consumers are significantly worse off and the consumer surplus decreases (the green portion of the graph); So much so that the loss of the consumer more than offsets the gains of the producers and the government. Therefore, it has been aptly demonstrated that free trade would result in a benefit to the society. Imposition of trade restrictions causes a net loss to society because the losses from trade restrictions are larger than the gains from trade restrictions."
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Women of Mexico and Texas, 2008.
An examination of the impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on the women of Mexico and Texas.
2,547 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the fact that women have faced various difficulties along the years and the centuries of struggle have yet to reveal a perfect equality between genders. The paper states that, while most constitutions promote gender equality, the practical application of this feature is far from perfect as women are discriminated against in most parts of the globe. The paper also states that the world is only slightly focused on women's sufferings as its only purpose is to grow, expand, and trade - all organized under the umbrella term of globalization. The paper concludes that globalization has had some positive economic effects as it has also managed to globalize the pain and struggle of women.
Outline:
Introduction
Background: Pre-NAFTA Conditions
Effects of NAFTA
Reform Measures to Benefit Women of the Region
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The North American Free Trade Agreement was signed in 1994 with a deadline in 2008 for the complete elimination of tax barriers between Canada, Mexico and the United States. The act has been received and perceived with both content and displease. Aimed to help the development of all communities involved, the agreement between Mexico and the U.S. was only able to bring together the most civilized country of the globe and one of the least developed. "NAFTA set guidelines to eliminate most trade and investment barriers between the United States, Canada and Mexico. What was actually created was a meeting of the first and third worlds. Never before in history has an agreement combined such disparate economies" (Durio, 2002-2006). Both women in Texas and Mexico were affected by the changes, but the largest effects were felt by Mexicans. Texan women had to struggle with a loss of jobs as a result of companies' moving their operations to the borderline."
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Is Wal-Mart Good for America?, 2008.
This paper evaluates if Wal-Mart is beneficial for America from the perspectives of its social and community impact, economic impact and political impact at the local level.
2,505 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Wal-Mart's dominance in retailing is attributable to the company's extensive supply chain, its ability to gain suppliers' lowest pricing in exchange for selling their products through its extensive retail chain of stores and superstores and its ability to keep wage and operating expenses low. The paper explores the social and community, economic and political implications. The paper concludes that Wal-Mart is good for America and has become the retailer of choice for the struggling middle class, yet it does extract a price for the value it delivers.
Outline:
Introduction
Social and Community Impact
Economic impact
Political Impact
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Wal-Mart's impact on the social systems and communities on a local level is already significant and becoming more pervasive. With this impact comes the responsibility to manage their corporations' many strategies, initiatives and plans with foresight as to their impact on social systems and communities as well. Despite claiming they have a commitment to ethical corporate behavior and support at the community level, even going as far as to create a (Global Ethics Office 2), the company's track record in terms of lessening the quality of life for retailing workers has been empirically proven (Freeman, 38) and (Drogin, 45)."
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Middle Eastern Paradigms, 2008.
A look at established paradigms of women in the Middle East, including more recent research from a female anthropological viewpoint.
5,480 words (approx. 21.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses women in the Middle East and looks at both the economic and liberal paradigms of Muslim women from the perspectives of authors, scholars and journalists. The paper also notes that in the past Muslim women have been stereotyped as having had little if anything to do with the economic side of life for their families. Authors referenced in this paper point out that part of that erroneous reporting is due to the fact that previously only male anthropologists have conducted field work on Muslim women and their roles in the home and community. The author explains that now there is a more accurate picture to be presented available due to female anthropological research.
Outline:
Introduction
Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women I
Liberal Paradigm - Muslim Women
Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women II
Liberal Paradigm - Muslim Women II
From the Paper
"Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women I: Anne M. Jennings writes in Middle Eastern Women and the Invisible Economy (Jennings, 45) that there are old stereotypes about Muslim women and their participation in the family economic dynamics, and she believes research is needed in this area. For example, she explains that "thousands" of women earn money outside the home; this fact has been kept hidden largely because of the stereotype that the religion of Islam forbids women to be wage earners outside the home.
"Several reasons exist as to why the facts of female economics in Muslim countries have been unreported. One reason for this, Jennings writes, is that women often work in the "informal sector" - also called the "invisible economy" - and that money is rarely reported to agencies that collect taxes, for obvious reasons. Another reason for the seeming secrecy of women working outside the home is that Muslim males tend to deny that their wives are working, for reasons that are undisclosed by Jennings, but one can easily speculate that Muslim men may not wish to admit that their earnings are not sufficient to provide the family with adequate financial support."
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Australia's Market, 2008.
This paper analyzes the economy and opportunities in Australia.
1,651 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the constant expansion of Australia's economy, its high gross domestic product (GDP) and low inflation. The paper also discusses the relatively level family income, low public debt, the country's imports, exports and the technology market. In addition, the paper explores the marketing research, advertising, promotion of marketable goods and the nation's physical distribution.
Outline:
Introduction
Overall Market Economy
GDP/Unemployment
Income Disparity/Public Debt
Market Composition
Exports
Imports
Technology Market
Marketing
Prices
Promotion
Physical Distribution
From the Paper
"When thinking about Australia and its market one must first understand its composition. Australia contrary to popular belief of the rugged outback and its quirky inhabitants is a highly developed and highly urbanized nation. More than 85% of the population of Australia lives in an urban environment that constitutes only a handful of cities that are scattered, almost exclusively along the coastlines of the nation/continent. "Australia is one of the most urbanized countries in the world with over 85 per cent of its population residing in cities. This is despite the heavy emphasis on primary industries in its export mix." (Bradley & Gans, 1998, p. 266)"
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A Paradoxical University System, 2008.
This paper discusses a paradoxical University system present in the United Arab Emirates.
3,226 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the United Arab Emirates (UAE) represent a most interesting case in the context of modern education. The writer notes that as one proceeds with a literature review designed to address the role played by the university system in the UAE, it is clear that this is a context which should be considered key to the future of a part of the Persian Gulf rife with promise. Indeed, the writer maintains that if the UAE is to live up to the potential suggested by its vast wealth, it must find ways to improve the social and political conditions that overshadow much of the progress implied by its economy. Moreover, the writer argues that the UAE must alter its orientation toward its indigenous population, which it seems often is given short-shrift to the courtship of foreign business students. The literature review here is intended to reveal the current circumstances and future needs of the UAE university system.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Technology and communication have fueled its capacity not just to be a purveyor of a valuable world resource--a disposition which has genuinely seen to the destructive exploitation of so many nations in the 'developing' and 'undeveloped' spheres--but also as a willing and able partner in the implementation of the global trade process.
"Its educational orientation must be led by the central Ministry of Education and the administration of Sheikh Mohammed, which are charged with the duty of ensuring that the students coming out of school are not simply prepared to contend with the complex global obligations of the workforce, but who are additionally oriented to take the UAE forward as a global competitor in the production of innovation. In order to do so, it must, of course, act according to the mores of a global economy, which demands the presence of women in all forms and at every level. An absence hereof may cause a strain on the relationship between this and western counterparts where cultural and social parameters demand explicated equal protections for the rights of women."
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China's Impact on the U.S. Economy, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of China on the US economy, specifically interest rates.
1,103 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes China's impact of the United States economy. It first analyzes China's economy, particularly its economic reforms from 1976 until 2006. The paper then discusses the US low savings rate versus China's high savings rate, the purchasing power of the U.S. consumers and how many companies of the U.S. have set up widespread manufacturing operations in China. It also looks at how China has helped in keeping the US interest rates at a relatively low level.
From the Paper
"Due to its low savings rate, the U.S. economy is heavily dependent on countries such as China with a high savings rate, for its foreign capital inflows for promoting growth and funding the federal budget deficit. China has interceded in the currency markets to a great extent for limiting the appreciation of the Yuan. Due to this, China has become the fastest and largest growing holder of FER -- Foreign Exchange Reserves in the world, which amounted to $1.4 trillion as on September, 2007. A large share of its FER is invested by China in U.S. Securities, totaling almost $699 billion on June, 2006 which makes it the 2nd largest foreign holder of U.S. Securities, the 1st being Japan. Almost 16.8 percent of the total foreign ownership of the U.S. Treasury Securities was held by China in October 2007, amounting to $388 billion. Some policymakers of the U.S. are concerned that these large holdings might be used by China to influence certain U.S. policies which they oppose. All this goes to show the stronghold which China has over the U.S. and how it will impact the U.S. economy in the future. (Morrison; Labonte, 2008)"
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Rebirth of Europe, 2008.
A discussion of the book "Rebirth: A Political History of Europe since WWII "by Cyril E. Black, R.D. English, J.E. Helmreich, A.J. McAdams, and P.C. Helmreich.
1,201 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper covers the political history as depicted in the book, "Rebirth: A political history of Europe Since WWII" by Cyril E. Black et al. Specifically, the paper discusses why certain European countries decided to merge their economic policies after World War II.
From the Paper
"There were several factors that led to this decision to band economies together. The authors of Rebirth write, "The divisions of Europe over security matters led to economic alignments that carried important implications for the defense capabilities of each region" (Black, English, Helmreich, McAdams & Helmreich, 2000, p. 58). Clearly, the divisions of east and west and Soviet and Democratic were key issues in forming economic bonds. There were others, as well. After the war, most of Europe was on shaky economic ground. Banding economies together was one way to strengthen them and help economic growth, so it made sense for many countries to create economies in common."
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Consumption Patterns, 2008.
An analysis of consumption patterns, particularly discussing issues of supply and demand.
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses consumption patterns in society. It begins by defining economics, particularly with regard to the need to wisely allocate resources. It also looks at the history of scarce resources and the law of supply and demand. The paper then discusses what factors affect the supply of the product and what may influence its demand.
From the Paper
"If any of the factors mentioned above other than price changes, there will be a change in supply. The producer's motives also influence the supply. Other factors to be considered are prices of other commodities, government policies, seasonal factors and transaction costs. Nowadays, there is a rapid advancement in technology. This will then improve the productivity of the factors of production. Before the improvement in technology, sellers can sell a particular quantity of good at a certain price. After the technology, they may be willing to offer more quantity for the same price. Therefore, this is a clear indication that price is not a basis for the shift in supply."
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The Welfare State, 2008.
This paper explores Keynesian economics and the rise and fall of the welfare state.
2,495 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the historical background of the development of the welfare state and offers definitions of the terms Keynesianism and neo liberalism. The paper analyzes the shift from an earlier system to the Keynesian one and then to the neo liberal one and explains the interests involved in the process. Overall, it can be said that the welfare state and the neoliberal one are two distinctive theories which in today's world tend to be combined in a state which promotes free competition and liberal market principles but at the same time take more into consideration the idea of social protection and social assistance, particularly because of the electoral significance of such measures.
Outline:
Historical background
Definitions
Effects of the End of the Fall of the Welfare State and the Emergence of the Neoliberal Mechanisms for the Social Assistance System
From the Paper
"The Second World War represented one of the most significant periods in the history of human kind because its effects were determinant for the following decades in terms of economic development, social behavior, as well as cultural changes. However, one of the most important aspects which are to be taken into consideration when discussing the effects of the World War is strongly related to the economic environment which followed it. In this sense, the economic practices and policies changed in order to cater for the needs of a global society recovering from a world conflagration which placed under pressure the entire economic system. In this context the various theories that tried to explain the evolution of the economies have managed to create different systems that would eventually set in motion the resources of the world."
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The U.K. Housing Market, 2008.
A research study analyzing the relationship between interest rates and the housing market in the United Kingdom.
10,328 words (approx. 41.3 pages), 28 sources, APA, £ 148.95
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Abstract
The paper aims to identify the relationship between changes in interest rates and their impact on the UK housing market. The paper presents the hypothesis that the lower the prevailing interest rate, the more non-homeowners will seek out mortgages for their own homes, but that there would be other mitigating factors involved as well. The paper provides a summary of the findings in the concluding chapter, together with limitations of the research encountered and a discussion of the hypothesis confirmation based on previous research.
Outline:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Interests Rates and the UK Housing Market
Chapter 4: Methodology
Chapter 5: Data Analysis, Tests and Results
Chapter 6: Discussion and Evaluation
Chapter 7: Conclusions, Limitations of Research, Hypothesis and Previous Research
From the Paper
"During the past two decades, the United Kingdom has been transformed from a nation of renters and leasers into a nation of home-owners. While the analysts differ on the opinions concerning the precise reasons for this transformation, the fact remains there was a significant increase in home ownership experienced during the period between the early 1980s and the late 1990s. During this same period, interest rates have varied sharply, but their precise impact on the UK housing market remains understudied and nebulous."
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Microeconomics and the Property Market, 2008.
An analysis of microeconomics and property rights and how the two relate to each other in today's housing market.
1,622 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses microeconomics as it relates to the property market, particularly in the realm of property ownership. The paper begins by defining microeconomics and property rights individually and then relates the two to each other. The paper then identifies constraints in housing market behavior and looks specifically at the housing market situation today in the United States.
Table of Contents:
Property Rights Overview
Microeconomics Overview
Microeconomic Aspects Of Property Ownership
Constraints In Housing Market Behavior Identified
Microeconomics In Today's Housing Market
From the Paper
"Other factors include falling housing prices which are noted by Barber to have been "falling at a 16 percent annual rate..." and as well Barber relates that these prices are expected to continue their decline meaning that "homeowners will build little or not equity throughout he duration of plans like this...the study shows that under these plans, homeowners will get to keep their house, but will be paying 85 percent more than if they rented a similar property." (Barber, 2008) The potential for equity being accrued in the home with falling prices and subprime rates and ARMS with variable interest in the terms of the mortgage. The problem is that a likelihood exists that taxpayers will pay approximately $75,000 for "each homeowners who stays in their home." (Barber, 2008) Barber indicates that "particularly problematic" are the decline in prices in the housing market."
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Microeconomics Theory, 2008.
An overview of basic microeconomic theory using the restaurant industry as an example.
1,285 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the theory of that all resources are finite. The author points out that key to the concepts underlining the study of microeconomics are the laws of supply and demand. The paper stresses that the laws of supply and demand are very much in evidence in the restaurant industry. The author relates that one beneficiary of the economic downturn are fast food restaurants, especially among the market segment with the least inclination for cooking or interest in health, predominantly male, age 18 to 29.
From the Paper
"The prices of substitute goods also affect supply and demand. If Dunkin' Doughnuts cuts the price of its coffee and breakfast sandwiches, discount merchandiser McDonald's may see a decrease in sales of its coffee and Egg McMuffins, but not in its sodas and hamburgers, because these are not substitute good for breakfast beverages and foods. Changes in the price of complementary goods--gas and large vehicles being an obvious example, will also affect supply and demand, as the price of gas goes up, demand for gas guzzling-vehicles will decrease."
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