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"Success through Failure", 2008.
A review of Henry Petroski's arguments in his book, "Success through Failure: The Paradox of Design."
1,082 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews Henry Petroski's book, "Success through Failure: The Paradox of Design," which examines the process by which new technologies and artifacts are created. The paper discusses Petroski's arguments regarding the relationship between success and failure in design. The paper also reviews the way that the book is written and the argument is presented.
From the Paper
"Petroski's Success through Failure is an exploration of the relationship between success and failure in design. The reaction to failures, as well as attempts to avoid those failures in the first place, is one of the most important aspects of the design process. Or, at least, this is Petroski's argument. The reality is a bit more subtle than that; however, Petroski draws a wide swath of historical evidence, examples, and anecdotes to illustrate that more often than not the advance of technology and design is built on a foundation of failures, not successes."
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The History and Development of the UNIVAC, 2008.
An examination of the history of the UNIVAC (universal automatic computer) and its role in the development of the world of technology.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history and development of the universal automatic computer, the UNIVAC. It describes the new possibilities that were opened up with the UNIVAC for companies and organizations in the US and shows how the UNIVAC paved the way for further funding and development of computers that have led to the modern digital age.
From the Paper
"The UNIVAC entered the public spotlight when CBS used it to cover the 1952 presidential election. Reports vary, but UNIVAC predicted the outcome of the election at around 8:30 PM the night of the election after only 1-5% of the votes had been officially counted (Cho, 2004; Deagon, 2001). Onlookers, even at Remington Rand, were dubious that the computer could produce accurate results with such a limited amount of data so quickly. Despite this skepticism, the programming and computational prowess of the UNIVAC ultimately proved accurate. The prediction it made was based on the available counted votes, the history of returns in presidential elections, and past voting habits of people throughout the nation. UNIVAC's original prediction was that Eisenhower would best Adlai Stevenson in the election by a significant margin. UNIVAC predicted 438 electoral votes would go to Eisenhower and only 93 for Stevenson, with 100 to 1 odds in favor of Eisenhower (Cho, 2004)."
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Wireless Technology in the Workplace, 2008.
This paper looks at the use of wireless technology within an organization.
860 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the use and application of wireless devices in the modern corporation in the context of a single corporation: Planet Earth Corporation. The writer notes that the rapid adoption of wireless technologies and associated devices such as cell phones, Blackberries and other handheld computing devices, have assured the corporate world of greater efficiencies. The writer discusses that research indicates that companies which employ such wireless solutions actually benefit in greater ways than simple individual employee productivity. The writer points out that Planet Earth Corporation is exploring the potential uses and abuses of wireless technologies in the workplace with a view to improve professional image as well as workplace productivity metrics.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
Wireless & Customer Relationships
Misuse of Wireless in the Workplace
Banning Wireless
From the Paper
"Equipping customer service representatives or sales agents with wireless technology can greatly enhance customer service and deepen the relationship with the consumer on the part of the business enterprise. Business researchers have begun to validate the previously informal recognition that wireless equipped sales representatives were more effective in closing sales calls because they have instant access to a customers sales records, sales history, type of product or service, and even future needs based on past inventories. Sales representatives who lack this instant access to such information and data cannot respond to customer inquiries and, in most cases, need to reschedule yet another meeting or, at the least, must follow up still again in order to close the sale or complete the transaction. This process is greatly streamlined when the sales representatives have access to the corporate database and servers remotely or can simply make a call and have the data or information forwarded immediately via email."
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Canadian Proxy Servers, 2008.
A discussion of whether the Canadian government should establish proxy servers that would enable people in nations like China and Saudi Arabia to circumvent government control of the Internet.
1,160 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that some Canadian government officials believe that Canada should establish proxy servers to help peoples in other parts of the world circumnavigate official repression. The paper posits that the establishment of proxy servers might do wonders at breaking down the control of authoritarian governments and would allow Canada to build its international stature while empowering a huge number of peoples abroad. However, the paper points out that proxy servers appear to be, by default, unencrypted and thus information being exchanged between the proxy and the user can be easily "tapped" into by a third dissident party. In the end, the paper concludes that Canada would do well to leave such matters alone inasmuch as the proxy server plan may endanger lives rather than enrich them.
From the Paper
"Still, there are real-life benefits to proxy servers that are appealing to technocrats within the Canadian bureaucracy. For one thing, there are many software packages now available that can "proxy" traffic and that can be configured to operate on non-standard ports. As well, there are now many publicly-accessible proxy servers ("Technical Ways to Get around Censorship," para.2). Consequently, it is easier to set up proxies than ever before and it is easier to access proxy servers than ever before. Thus, the advent of a generation of proxy servers capable of helping private citizens navigate their way around government censorship seems like something that can only help educate (and empower) the public."
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Database Management Systems and Security, 2008.
This paper discusses databases as they relate to corporate use and security strategies.
2,540 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper states that current technology now removes the risk of the data and information within a database from being used for illegal or fraudulent activities. The author points out that these new advances are related to new database management software, which can customize user accounts and access to the data as well as encrypt all of the data in a given database. The paper explains that data mining is one of the primary activities that is used to illustrate how important data security and management has become across most industries. The author suggest that failure related to security and encryption features is usually associated more with the planning, selection and deployment of the data management solution rather than intrinsic faults within the solution itself.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Research Hypothesis
Introduction
Explanation of the Technology
Historical Background
Technology
How it functions
Suppliers
Consumers
Application of the Technology
Organizational use
Applications
Strengths and Costs
Weaknesses
Success
Failure
Future Trends
The future
Forces of change
Conclusions
Key Findings
From the Paper
"Previously, most healthcare organizations were content to rely on internal IT platforms to automate some aspects of their internal functions without engaging the full spectrum of IT solutions such as data mining and data warehousing in a non-secure environment. Most often, these pre-existing IT solutions for healthcare management are independent software applications or separate modules of a healthcare enterprise resource planning (ERP) system that rely on existing databases of some type. While the application and use of these independent applications and ERP modules can certainly introduce cost-savings into the equation, they require an upfront investment in either IT applications, IT infrastructure or both, as well as on-going management of these new systems."
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Supply Chain Management, 2008.
An analysis of supply chain management within business-to-business online auction transactions.
823 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses management of the supply chain, which is the manufacturing process by which raw materials are acquired and delivered, shaped into the product and then delivered to stores. The paper specifically focuses on how supply chain management can be applied to business-to-business (B2B) transactions. It also looks at the online auction as a method of (B2B) transactions.
From the Paper
"Automated procurement systems will be implemented more and more but will also require careful monitoring to assure that the promised benefits are delivered. Such systems save time and money and can be the best way to fulfill the needs of the supply chain over time. Companies that have used these systems properly to date have reduced costs and maintained the supply chain, while those that have failed could correct the error not be abandoning the project but by shaping it more carefully."
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E-Government and Strategic Human Resources, 2008.
This paper describes e-government or e-governance and its relationship to the management of strategic human resources in the twenty-first century.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper states that it is essential that human resources fund and train personnel and staff to exploit the latest Internet technology to the fullest extent possible because e-governance is becoming one of the major public-sector phenomena of the twenty-first century. The author points out that today's centralized governments are in retreat, as members of the public are savvier and temporal demands are more acute. The paper relates that the utilization of e-governance must be a priority of governments and of strategic human resources that seek to protect the state from appearing inflexible, unresponsive or even anachronistic. The author emphasizes that the ability of the state to "spin" its own message to suit its own needs is greatly enhanced by e-government. The paper asserts that e-governance affords people the opportunity to engage in online transactions that are much faster than traditional "bricks-and-mortar" transactions. In addition to the sources used by the paper, the paper also includes an annotated bibliography of five more sources.
From the Paper
"In a matter related to much of what has been stated above, e-governance allows governments to distribute their message to the masses in a fashion that far exceeds - for speed and convenience, certainly - the manner in which it can be transmitted via other media. Specifically, interactive government web sites can be accessed by members of the public at any time and almost anywhere - as long as an internet hook-up is in place. Because of this, citizens wishing to voice their displeasure (or support) of a government measure do not have endure the tedium of calling into a government ministry or the uncertainty that always seems to accompany penning a letter to government officials and then wondering if it ever arrived. As well, for individuals who are removed from their television sets or who do not have ready access to the local newspaper, an interactive internet site can be a fast way of learning more about something that may very well impact their lives or the lives of others they care about. Finally, because a government web site is not medi
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Movie Comparison, 2008.
This paper compares the "Star Wars" (Episode IV) and "The Matrix" science fiction movies.
813 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the "Star Wars" (Episode IV) and "The Matrix" movies and shows how the two movies are not only similar in genre, but also share the themes of humanity in peril and the idea of the chosen one who will save all. The paper notes that both were made with young adult audiences in mind and points out that the first was made at the onset of the computer and Internet revolution, while the second was made when this technology was the norm, and the world had already began to question its merits.
From the Paper
"Star Wars' narrative is familiar to a wide range of audiences who have been prepared for it through fairy tales of childhood. The story is a very classic and uncomplicated tale of good versus evil. Most western audiences are familiar with the 'language' of fairy tales. There is also the theme of the 'chosen one' or the Messiah, and this is a characteristic that the film shares with the Matrix. The hero is a typical fairy tale character good, brave and possessing supernatural power. There many 'clues' that he is the good guy. He is young and blond. His clothes are made of natural fiber, white or warm earthly in color, as is his surroundings."
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Computers, E-waste and Obsolescence, 2008.
This paper discusses the quick obsolescence of expensive computers and problems related to their disposal.
1,963 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the obsolescence of expensive computers and how rampant electronic waste causes harm to developing nations environmentally, socially and economically. The paper suggests that more money and creativity should be applied to the problem of how to make computer-generated e-waste a less pressing concern. The paper includes an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"It has been argued, with increasing stridency in recent years, that the United States and other western countries are exporting their waste around the world ("Old PCs dumped in developing nations," 14). Of especial note, Frederick Buell writes that the United States has embraced the "growth fetish" and has sought to use globalization to achieve this; at the same time, it appears as though (at least this was the case during the Clinton Administration) U.S. leaders have made a conscious choice to simply pursue an upgrade of the old "brown" economy (57-58). Buell also writes that the developing world exports industries that are prone to pollution, exports industries that contain obvious health risks to workers, and exports practices (such as recycling batteries as part of an ongoing effort to reclaim their lead contents) that can easily lead (and do lead) to high levels of toxicity in the local ecology."
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Electronic Medical Records and Security, 2008.
This paper looks at the subject of electronic medical records, focusing on security and confidentiality issues.
2,906 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that advances in computer technology and the development of the Internet have enabled the healthcare community to maintain medical records electronically, which has been beneficial for patients and healthcare providers alike. The writer points out that there is also a downside to this system of electronic record keeping, for it also renders the private medical records of patients vulnerable to unauthorized access. The writer notes that the healthcare community has a professional and ethical responsibility to formulate and implement appropriate policies to deal with such risks. The writer discusses that the emergence of electronic medical records systems presents security challenges, for such records are far more vulnerable to unauthorized access by third parties than paper records kept in a doctor's office, a nursing station, or a clinic. The writer maintains that protecting the privacy of patients is essential, not only because of the vital importance of ethical medical treatment, but because of emerging confidentiality issues related to electronic medical records.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Discussion
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The literature review clarifies that the healthcare community has a professional and ethical responsibility to formulate and implement appropriate policies to deal with the risks to confidentiality imposed by electronic medical record keeping. It is evident that the development and expansion of electronic medical records systems presents a wide range of security, ethics, and medical research interest challenges.
"The fundamental issue underlying all other issues is the fact that electronic medical records are far more vulnerable to unauthorized access by third parties than paper medical records were. Protecting the privacy of patients has always been essential because of the vital importance of providing ethical and confidential medical treatment, but it has also been essential to conduct medical research, which requires access to healthcare data on a general and individual patient basis. Consequently, everyone involved in this debate and affected by it must understand the implications of restricting electronic access to medical records."
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School Computer Costs, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of computer-based technology and discusses the hidden costs of school computers.
1,885 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that computer literacy is a necessity in the world today, especially in the business world and one of the roles of the school is to prepare students for entering that world. Many students are familiar with computers from their use at home, but one of the divides developing is between those who have a computer and access to the Internet and those who do not. The classroom is one place where this divide can be alleviated. The writer points out that school districts recognize the need and have been purchasing computers and the needed software and have been making the computer part of the classroom experience. The writer notes that the cost of this can be high and discusses that there are also hidden costs to implementing such a system that districts may not recognize. The writer maintains that there may be costs to the students as well in terms of developing a different relationship with the classroom and adapting to the instructional methods. The writer concludes that the added costs for the school district are the major concern and that the district has to recognize some of these costs and be prepared to pay them. The bibliography includes a brief description of each source.
From the Paper
"Technology assists in these methods by providing projects to be developed, aiding in the process of inquiry, and developing and solving problems. Computer-based technology is particularly well-suited to the needs of students in these types of learning environment, answering many of the questions raised and shaping the way the student approaches material. For the most part, however, K-12 schools in the United States have not felt the expected positive impact of technology as they should, as Norris and Soloway note as they cite reports from different parts of the country showing that while American schools have more technology than any other country's schools, student achievement does not show that this has increased learning to the degree predicted. The authors find that one reason for this is because the six conditions cited above have not been fulfilled, with problems with access being one of the major failures .."
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Freedom over the Internet, 2008.
An analysis of the pros and cons to the world and to Canada of Canada's plan to prevent the monitoring of online activity by various governments.
1,268 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the plan of the Canadian government to encourage more freedom around the world by thwarting the efforts of certain foreign governments to monitor what people do online. It discusses the pros and cons of such a plan to the world as a whole and to Canadian relations in particular, in terms of possible retaliation by these foreign governments, not just on the Internet but in trade and other commerce between nations.
From the Paper
"Canada has had several disputes with the United States in recent years, though overall relations remain good. The Iraq war proved to be a point of contention and "revealed differences in the manner in which the two states believe that force can be used to resolve conflicts" (Richter para. 1). The move under consideration could also become a point of contention, and this aspect should be examined closely because it could be even more harmful if it generates concerted opposition from those governments seeing the west as invading their rights. Essentially, the proposed program would be contentious and may not have the desired effect in any case, so it should not be pursued."
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Extreme Programming, 2008.
An analysis of the use of extreme programming software development methodology and a comparison with the real world software process (RWSP) methodology.
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the software development methodology known as extreme programming or XP. It describes XP in detail and then discusses which project types it is applicable to. Finally, the paper compares and contrasts XP with real world software process (RWSP). It concludes that XP software development is clearly the future of software development project management and processes.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Process Description
Overview
Detailed Description
Applicable Types of Projects
Comparison with RWSP
Similarities
Differences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"XP software development is clearly the future of software development project management and processes because of its flexibility and results oriented focus. When companies such as Microsoft commit to similar design-build software development processes such as the Scrum method: "the idea that teams meet once a day for half an hour, figure out what they're going to do, then go off and do their work very quickly" (Taft, 2005, para.3), it becomes apparent that a major sea-change is under way in the software development environment where methodologies such as XP will be the methodology of choice. The chief conclusion to be made about XP development processes is that they empower the programmers to program rather than constraining them by traditional project management constraints."
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Cell Phones and the Globalization of Technology, 2007.
An examination of the cell phone industry and its influence on globalization.
2,016 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines cell phone technology with a particular emphasis upon its relationship to the processes of globalization. The paper argues that this technology is symbolic of both the promise and the problems of globalization. The paper looks at how cell phone technology is being innovated in not only the West but also in East and South Asia and shows how this technology continues to reflect its Western origins and is indicative of the expansion of Western paradigms of science, technology and production - at the expense of potential alternatives - on a global scale. The paper notes that while the technology of cell phones has effectively filled a clear need for a wireless audio communication device on a global scale, it is also widely accessible and comparatively inexpensive within the developing world. In conclusion, the paper shows that this technology is also emblematic of the contemporary nature of globalization in which high technology industries in the developing world serve as outsourcing sites serving the interests of globalized corporations headquartered in the West, and whose workers are valuable solely for the low labor costs and absence of benefits in many of these countries.
Outline:
Introduction
The Essentials of Cell Phone Technology
Cell Phone Technology and the Global Market
The Extended Impacts of Cell Phone Technology
From the Paper
"Clearly, cell phone technology has - within less than a generation - transformed communication practices on a global scale. This transformation is due, in large measure, to the nature of the technology itself which allows for digital compression of communications streams which, by reducing the portion of a channel used by a call, saves network capacity and allows for a cell phone service to serve very large numbers of callers at the same time (Straubhaar and LaRose 2004). Moreover, with digital technology the cells are much smaller, with some being as small as a few hundred yards in diameter. With a given area covered by a large number of digital cell phone antennae, the need for a powerful transmitter on the phone itself is thereby reduced."
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