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Deborah Tannen, 2006.
A discussion regarding conversational rituals, according to the understanding of sociolinguist, Deborah Tannen.
892 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the ideas of sociolinguist Deborah Tannen, regarding conversational rituals. The paper reports how, according to Tannen, communication is never simply about saying what you mean, or merely communicating information in a factual manner. Every conversation has a complex undercurrent, or subtext.
Outline:
Ritual Opposition Talk
Rapport Talk
Trouble Talk
Public Talk
Private Talk
Directness & Indirectness Talk
From the Paper
"Trouble talk, or confessional talk, the exchanging of information about problems, is another form of intimacy, also often seen amongst women in our current cultural environment. A woman might share her problems about a new boss or boyfriend. When trouble talking, women often expect empathetic agreement from their partner, while men might often be taken aback when a more stereotypically male approach to 'solving' the problem that is apparently troubling the woman meets with opposition. Often, the purpose of trouble talk is opening up about an emotional need, not 'fixing' a specific problem in the eyes of many women."
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Drug Panic, 2007.
This paper explores how panic over a drug could be created.
1,257 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how a drug panic would be fueled by the media and by attorneys bringing lawsuits for medical problems caused by prescription or non-prescription medications. The paper notes that it might be easier to create a panic over non-prescription drugs because more people take these types of medications. The paper looks at methods of spreading the word and frightening the people. The paper discusses the vital role of the media in broadcasting the 'horror stories' that seem so popular on the nightly news.
From the Paper
"In truth, the side effects, especially the most dangerous ones, occur very rarely in a minute number of people but everyone must be warned just in case any of the side effects do occur (Reinarman & Levine, 1989). Most medications are very safe, but yet there are lawsuits and many other problems that are seen on television on an almost daily basis. This is true with prescription medications, but it is also true of non-prescription medications such as cold/cough remedies and pain relievers. These are very important to point out as well because they are so common and so many people use them. This being the case, there could be problems with a widespread panic for these kinds of drugs, too."
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Ethnic Clients of the Beauty Industry, 2006.
A discussion regarding the influence of ethnic clients on the beauty industry.
1,171 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews what was once considered the definition of beauty. According to the paper, this definition has totally changed. The paper discusses how the new consumer is a not a white skinned blond, instead he/she can have any skin color and come from any ethnic background.
From the Paper
"Max Factor was trying to cash in on the celebrity power of Hollywood stars by putting their pictures on product covers and using their faces in advertising. But it was not long before the mistake was realized as cross-cultural misunderstanding began affecting sales. One consultant quoted "a gentleman from India" who explained the problem aptly when he stated, "It would never do to glamourise ... a product by utilising a lady in a shimmering white saree with a western style of hair dress in any of the Southern cities [of India]. A cutting of her crowning glory and the donning of white cloth are the insignia of widowhood, a deeper calamity than which there can be none for the Indian woman." He further insisted, "When talking about advertising in foreign countries we should in general forget about American contents, presentation and media of advertising messages." [2] "
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Cultural Miscommunication, 2007.
This paper looks at Bernard Malmud's "The German Refugee" and Zitkala-Sa's "The School Days of an Indian Girl."
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Laray M. Barna's theory that cultural miscommunication can occur even between people of the same religion or the same nationality. The paper looks at clashes between German and American Jews and between Native and white Americans. The paper describes the story of German refugee Oscar Gassner. The paper describes how he is conflicted between his sense of German nationalism and the impersonal New York environment. The paper looks at Zitkala-Sa's "The School Days of an Indian Girl" that shows the clash of cultures between an American Indian girl and her white classmates.
From the Paper
"This is seen poignantly in the fate of the German refugee Oscar Gassner. Oscar is conflicted between his sense of German nationalism, which he still retains within his soul, and the impersonal New York environment, which assumes that everyone who comes to the city, loves the city, and is willing to embrace a new identity, that of an American. Oscar still remembers his wife, a non-Jew, back in Germany, and wonders if "in her heart," she was "a Jew hater," and that all non-Jews are Jew haters (Malmud, p.186) Also, Oscar's fellow Jews assume that he is happy to be in America, and that America is good place for Jews to live. Oscar is assumed to be the same as Americanized Jews, because he is of the same persecuted religion."
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Broadcast Journalism, 2007.
An analysis of the necessary skills and conditions required for a career as a broadcast journalist.
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the necessary skills required for a career in broadcast journalism (being a news anchor). It looks at the training and education required for the position and then discusses the tasks, duties and responsibilities that are essential in this career. The paper concludes by describing the future job outlook for broadcast journalism and related fields of work.
Table of Contents:
Description of the Career
Skills Required
Training and Education Required
Tasks, Duties and Responsibilities
Work Environment
Future Job Outlook
Related Occupations
From the Paper
"There are a variety of skills required for those seeking to be a news anchor. First, and foremost, the individual must have outstanding reporting skills. In addition, they must have excellent on-air presentation skills. Live reporting skills are also typically essential to the job, as is excellent written and verbal communication skills. Because news anchors often report live, they must be able to think quickly and have strong problem solving abilities. In addition, the individual must be able to meet strict deadlines and be detail orientated. As in any career in journalism, a high-degree of ethics and standards is necessary to excel in the industry ("News Reporter")."
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Native American Influence on American English, 2007.
An analysis of the history of certain American English words that have their roots in Native-American languages.
2,938 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the influence of Native-American languages on American English. It begins by discussing the variety, origin and roots of Native-American languages. It then discusses early contact between settlers and Native-Americans and the evidence that has been found to suggest that American English was influenced by this contact, particularly the names of places names that were named after the tribes that occupied the location.
Table of Contents:
The Lumbee
What Does this Mean for Native American Words in American English?
From the Paper
"In conclusion, tribal languages are typically spoken only in places where tribal members are isolated. However, it is doubtful if there are any areas left where the tribal language is spoken exclusively. Typically the tribal language exists alongside English. As the number of native speakers diminishes, so does the usage of that language until it is eventually extinguished. This has been the fate of many native languages. The remnants that remain in American English are testimony to their existence. In some cases they are one of the last remaining references to their existence. The study of native American words in the English language gives us a glimpse into many ancient languages that are long forgotten and can give us clues to the cultures of these people as well. The study of Native language remnants is a testimony to the tribes and peoples that once represented the dominant culture in North America."
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Media and Democracy, 2007.
A discussion on whether the mass media enhances or diminishes the prospects of democracy in the United States.
792 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 15.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role of the mass media. Specifically, it analyzes the theory that the media is a vital part of the democratic process in America. The paper suggests that media information provides vital information for decision making and the democratic process. It then discusses the opposing opinion also argued by theorists, that in fact the mass media impedes or obstructs the democratic process to a certain extent. The paper provides examples to illustrate both these sides of the argument.
From the Paper
"In conclusion the answer to the central question of whether the mass media enhances or diminishes the prospect of democracy in the United States must be ambiguous to a certain extent. On the one hand there is the important function that the mass media has of providing information that is useful and accessible to the general public. However, on the other hand there is the concern that has been growing in recent years that the Media, which is dependent on advertising revenue, can be manipulated and corrupted to certain ends. "It is impossible to separate the various media in advanced industrial countries from their enormous advertising base. The companies that provide the advertising revenues that now sustain most mass media have a stake in the established economic and political order. "(Gannaway) The suspicion therefore exists that that large institutions and companies may be a source of bias in the media. In America that can pervert or misdirect the democratic process."
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Gender Communication, 2006.
A review of the issues pertaining to gender communication.
1,481 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the break-down or miscommunication between the genders. According to the paper, many believe that the issue of gender miscommunication is as a result of the perceived power conflicts between the genders. This paper reviews the various issues and influences that impact gender communication.
From the Paper
"Every person I know, including myself has experienced all the above phenomena in association with gendered communications. Challenges are many to clear understanding between the sexes and power, allowing others to feel safe secure and important as well as practicing active listening will clearly help an individual transverse this land mine of potential barriers. The potential personal and social conflicts associated with communications between genders is one of the most important research topics associated with communication and the examples, be they extreme from the Douglass work help illuminate how serious power struggles and the dogged maintenance of beliefs can challenge open communication and understanding. Practicing, reassuring communication partners, removing emotion from the mix and allowing information you may not be interested in now to open your communication skills will likely alter patterns of negative gender communication in the future. "
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Stuttering, 2007.
An analysis of the incidence, treatment and implications of stuttering for the adult male.
1,297 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the incidence of stuttering is low and usually resolves itself by the time an individual reaches adulthood. The paper relates that five times as many men as women stutter, a factor that has led some researchers to conclude that there is a powerful cultural element at play. The paper shows that while stuttering cannot be cured in the traditional sense, adult stutterers today can obtain formal fluency training assistance and can make the fundamental changes in thinking that may have contributed to the onset of the problem from the outset.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Stuttering, or dysphemia (the term is seldom used) (Wingate, 1997), is a speech defect that affects both the fluency and rhythm of speech; the condition is characterized by involuntary repetition of sounds or syllables and the intermittent blocking or prolongation of sounds, syllables, and words (Gibbons & Sims, 2006). There appears to be some type of anticipatory element involved in stuttering, with adult stutterers being able to accurately predict 95 percent of the words over which they will stutter in reading aloud a given passage before doing so; this factor has led some researchers to believe that when adult stutterers anticipate having problems with certain words, it acts like a self-fulfilling prophecy that actually produces the stuttering (Gibbons & Sims, 2006)."
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Mediation, 2006.
A look at the function of mediation.
2,146 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses mediation. According to the paper, mediation is the process in which a third-party neutral, called the mediator, acts as a facilitator to assist in resolving a dispute between two or more parties. The paper discusses the types of mediation, the situations in which mediation is a suitable option, and outlines the advantages and disadvantages and this function.
Outline:
Types of Mediation
Areas in Which Mediation can be Applied
Advantages of Mediation
Disadvantages
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The mediation process can be applied to resolve almost any type of dispute of a collective or individual nature. The process of mediation has for long been recognized in international law and is used for resolving political, economic, or trade related disputes among different countries. The Charter of the United Nations, for example, requires all members to submit disputes to mediation on recommendation of the Security Council. Even before the establishment of the UN, there had been a number of notable mediation efforts internationally. The United States served as mediator between Bolivia and Chile (1882) and the US President Theodore Roosevelt successfully mediated in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 by brokering a peace agreement between the two countries. The World Trade Organization (WTO) also has important powers to mediate in trade disputes between its member countries."
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Time Warner, 2007.
An analysis of Time Warner's human resources commitment and challenges.
1,442 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Time Warner's human resource management activities and how they relate to the general goal of the company. The paper discusses the ways that diversity is a particular challenge facing Time Warner and how it manages this challenge. The paper also provides recommendations to improve the human resource management function in the organization.
From the Paper
"Further recommendations to improve the human resource management function in this organization is to extend soliciting employee input beyond that of online based surveys and extending this solicitation to focus groups, and other sources of information generation. This will not simply provide research for the various division of Time Warner, but create a greater sense of company cohesion and loyalty. A sense of mutual investment is the spirit of Time Warner. Such a cohesive spirit is often difficult to achieve in an internationally based company with so many outposts, and diverse corporate divisions and cultures under the management's umbrella. Although inevitably there will be differences between different divisions and different types of employees, creating a sense of a company with a few common values, such as diversity, integrity, youth, and a commitment to free discourse can infuse a common spirit into Time Warner that improves company functioning, and reinforces company productivity, vision and mission."
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Crisis Communications, 2006.
A discussion regarding the use of crisis communication in overcoming barriers when crafting an effective communication strategy during a crisis.
2,261 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses crisis communication as a tool in crisis management strategy. According to the paper, effective communication in a time of crisis, can make all the difference. The paper focuses primarily on Hurricane Katrina. The paper reviews various relevant literature to determine the background of the problems experienced when dealing with the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Overcoming Constraints to Crisis Communications
Eight Key Principles of Crisis Communications
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While many companies still lack an effective crisis communications plan, others have recognized the potential threat to their survival and have taken steps to address these shortcomings. In fact, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and the series of natural disasters that affected the coastal regions of the United States in the years that followed appear to have been a wake-up call for many enterprises. Indeed, following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, a survey of national public relations professionals determined that many companies area assigning higher priority to updating their crisis communications plans and attempting to identify faster approaches to communicate with all employees during such emergency situations (Duhe, 2005). According to this author, "The survey of 150 companies found that 46 percent of companies have increased their focus upon crisis communications planning in the wake of 9/11. Companies re-evaluated their crisis communication plans and determined that the top priority is to communicate quickly and effectively with all employees" (Duhe, 2005, p. 7)."
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Cell Phone Radiation, 2006.
A discussion regarding the dangers of cell phone radiation.
1,547 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the danger of the radiation emitted from a cell phone in use. According to the paper, some of the potential health hazards that may evolve from cell phone use include noise in the ear, memory loss, headaches, malignant brain tumors and DNA damage.
Outline:
I.The Silent Enemy
Cover-up?
Radiation
II.Concerns for All Ages
In Light on Concerns
III. The Big Question
The Privilege to Listen
From the Paper
"Even though cell phones and fortune cookies may not initially appear to have a common thread, the concept that connects them is that those who market cell phones, in a similar sense, do not usually consider what happens to those who purchase and use cell phones. In the study completed by Salford et al funded by a grant from the Swedish Council for Work Life Research. Completed during 2002, the authors examine potential risks of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields for the human body. Their previous studies posit ". . . weak pulsed microwaves give rise to a significant leakage of albumin through the blood-brain barrier."
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Communication, 2007.
An analysis of possible ways to eradicate barriers to effective communication.
862 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses communications and issues that make effective communications with an individual difficult. The paper then goes on to suggest ways to eradicate the barriers to effective communication. It concludes with a number of steps, suggested by the writer to become a better 'talk target' for those who find communicating difficult.
From the Paper
"Another very effective way of breaking down the barriers built up by persons who make communication difficult, is asking questions. According to Jamie Walters, the skill of effective questioning is extremely important in the communication exercise, as it demonstrates effective listening. Only by listening skillfully can the conversation move forward to levels that help the participants reach their goals. According to Fenson, it is interesting to note that people find it more important to feel that they are heard and understood than to feel that listeners agree with them. Questioning is a very good way to communicate this sense of understanding. In short, a good listener asks good questions. According to Walters, questioning not only demonstrates that the hearer is actually listening, but conversely also helps the hearer to listen more closely to what is said. As such, Walters suggests making the decision to ask questions before the conversation takes place. This prepares the conversationalist to ask effective questions and, to listen more closely and to lead the person who is difficult to communicate with to a concomitantly more effective way of communicating their own ideas. As such, the conversation can prove beneficial to both participants."
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