| Papers [1-14] of 316 :: [Page 1 of 23] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 —> | |
|
|
Deloro Mine, 2008.
A review of current and future arsenic remediation technologies at the Deloro mine.
4,520 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 83.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the new methods that are currently being utilized that may further assist in the reduction of post-treatment effluent to a level that would not be considered hazardous to humans. The paper focuses on exploring new technologies that may help to reduce the effluent levels that are currently being introduced into the Moira River. The paper further explores new technologies that may be applicable to the reduction of arsenic at the Deloro Mine site.
Outline:
Commonly Used Remediation Techniques
A Review of New and Innovative Technologies
Methodology
Results
Discussion
Which Technology is Currently Being used to Treat Arsenic at the Deloro Mines?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As one can see, there are a number of treatment options available for the removal of arsenic in groundwater. There is no single best solution that will result in maximum results at all sites. These technologies are often combined to meet the needs of each individual situation. Treatment at the Deloro Mine uses chemical coagulation followed by sedimentation to process the effluent that will eventually be dumped back into the Moira River.The newest innovation in arsenic treatment was announced February 8, 2008 by AdEdge Technologies. This company has released a specialty adsorbent filtration system specifically designed to remove arsenic from water (Thern Inc., 2008). This technology has been awarded a grant for testing at three US sites. After testing is complete, this technology will be ready to market. This is the first filtration system specifically designed for arsenic, rather than general contaminants or metals. "
| |
|
The Promise of Nanotechnology, 2008.
An examination of the potential medical, technological and environmental applications of nanotechnology.
1,193 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper presents a brief overview of nanotechnology. It first looks into some of the potential medical, technological and environmental applications of nanotechnology. The paper then looks at carbon nanotubes which are the focus of the aerospace industry. The paper concludes that the frontier of nanotechnology is likely to develop rapidly and become the way of the future.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Nanotechnology (Molecular Manufacturing)
Medical Applications
Electronics
Green Nano
Aerospace
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Carbon nanotubes are the focus of aerospace industry because of their special electrical and mechanical properties. They are 100 times stronger than steel at one sixth the weight. Several studies have shown that carbon nanotubes are ideal building material because of their high tensile strength and low weight. Further, the high conductive nature of carbon nanotubes makes them highly suitable for aviation electronics. [Belluccia et.al] As Dr. Bourne, from the NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (NRC-SIMS) in Ottawa says, "If we can show that these carbon nanotube composites can perform as expected in these applications, then this will go a long way to validating their use in the really big market - aerospace." [NRC]"
| |
|
Deloro Mine Remediation, 2008.
An examination of the properties, sources and health effects of arsenic contamination in the Deloro mine.
3,009 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 63.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper evaluates remediation technologies for arsenic contamination at the Deloro mine in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It first discusses a background of the site and contamination in the area. The paper then looks at the geology and hydrogeology of the site and the scope of the remediation project. Next, the paper focuses on the properties and health effects of arsenic contamination.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Site
Background
Scope of the Project
Geology of the Deloro Site
Hydrogeology of the Deloro Site
Motivation for the Thesis
Arsenic
Chemistry
Health Effects
Sources
Motility In Groundwater
From the Paper
"Arsenic is highly mobile in groundwater, largely due to oxidation processes. Aside from ease in traveling in slow moving streams. It is highly reactive and when settled in sediments can be re-released into the water column by chemical or physical activity. Arsenic released into surface water through the break down of arsenopyrite can result in higher concentrations in ground water. Groundwater with higher flow rates is especially prone to highly mobile forms of arsenics. Organic forms of arsenic can release highly mobile elemental arsenic into the water by means of oxidation and reduction reactions."
| |
|
Nitrogen Dioxide, 2008.
A look at the nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide in our environment.
2,484 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 53.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper identifies the chemical and physical properties of nitrogen dioxide and its sources in the environment. The paper discusses its interaction in the environment, its effects on the human body and its toxicity. The paper also looks at emission standards for nitrogen dioxide gases and provides suggestions for reducing reactive nitrogen dioxide exposure.
Outline:
Chemical and Physical Data
Occurrence/Sources in the Environment
Interaction in the Environment
Effects on the Human Body
Toxicity
Regulations
Suggestions for Action
From the Paper
"Nitrogen Dioxide or NO2 is a red-brown or yellow liquid, which becomes a colorless solid at a specific temperature (EPA 2007). It is a non-combustible component of automotive exhaust fumes. It can be derived during the intermediate stage in the oxidation of ammonia to nitric acid. It is highly poisonous and even fatal when inhaled. Tolerance in the air is at 5 ppm. Nitrogen dioxide can react strongly with reducing materials. It occurs as environmental tobacco smoke and artificially as kerosene heaters, un-vented gas stoves and heaters. Among its effects on health are irritations on the eyes, nose and throat; pulmonary edema and diffused lung injury; chronic bronchitis; decreased lung function; and increased risk of respiratory infections, especially in young children (US Environmental Protection Agency)."
| |
|
Chromium Studies, 2008.
A report on remediation chemistry at chromium contaminated sites.
1,510 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper evaluates some of the predominant methods of remediation of chromium contaminated sites. The paper notes that the methods employed are divided into two types: removal from the soil (in which various chemical extractants are used to flush chromium from the site) or immobilization in the soil (in which reducing agents are used to break down dangerous forms of chromium). The paper examines several of the more promising methods of remediation currently being employed, and concludes with a discussion and analysis of the methods in terms of their real-world applicability.
Outline:
Introduction
Remediation Methods
Discussion
From the Paper
" Chromium contamination, especially contamination of Cr(VI), is a significant environmental hazard. It will have a significant effect on the quality of the soil and the quality of the groundwater. Because of this, it is very important that effective and practical remediation techniques be developed that can chemically remove or immobilize the presence of chromium at the site. After briefly examining some of the methods currently being developed, which can be roughly divided into extractive versus immobilization techniques, there seems to be demonstrable promise in the possibility of cleaning up chromium-contaminated sites."
| |
|
Robert Feulgen, 2008.
An overview of the life and scientific achievements of Robert Feulgen.
921 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper outlines the background of Robert Feulgen and discusses how he initiated the discovery of the importance of DNA. The paper also explains his staining technique known as the Feulgen reaction. The paper reveals that it has not been until quite recently that science has come to value the importance of his work.
From the Paper
"Joachim Wilhelm Robert Feulgen, was born in Werden (or Essen-Werden), Germany on September 2, 1884. His father owned a factory yet his upbringing was working class and unremarkable, except for the fact that he was an extraordinary student. This may have been due to the loss his father at the age of nine while Feulgen was attending primary school in Werden. The circumstances of his father's death are unknown. However, his academic abilities garnered him a scholarship to attend the University of Freiburg at Breisgau in 1905. He then pursued a medical residency in the City Hospital of Kiel."
| |
|
Terrorism and Toxic Industrial Materials, 2008.
A look at potential terrorist attacks using toxic industrial materials.
799 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses the toxic materials that could be used by terrorists and how they could be utilized to inflict death and destruction. The paper also discusses examples of previous attacks that used toxic industrial chemicals.
Outline:
What are Toxic Industrial Materials?
Potentially Dangerous Toxic Industrial Chemicals
Ways in which TICs can be used by terrorists
Examples of Previous Attacks Using Toxic Industrial Chemicals
From the Paper
"Toxic industrial materials are potentially hazardous chemicals that are manufactured, stored, transported, and used in countless industries throughout the world. They are available in gaseous, liquid, or solid state and their chemical and physical properties pose a number of potential hazards. For example, their toxic and carcinogenic properties can cause death or serious health problems after entering the body through inhalation, through the skin, or through digestion; cause fire or destruction due to their combustible, explosive nature; and may destroy or damage crops and plants after coming in contact with them ("Toxic Industrial Chemicals")."
| |
|
Collagen Diseases, 2008.
This paper looks at mutations in type I collagen that leads to osteogenesis imperfecta (OI).
1,119 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 27.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which is commonly known as "brittle bone" disease and is due to defects in type I collagen genes. The paper explains the molecular structure of collagen and its mutations and discusses the causes of this abnormality.
From the Paper
"As the most abundant group of proteins found in vertebrates, collagen contains insoluble fibers with great tensile strength and is present in connective tissues such as bone, teeth, tendons, ligament, cartilage and the fibrous matrices of skin and blood vessels. Materially, it is a left- handed triple helix with three polypeptide chains or residues per turn. In mammals, there is a variety of collagen in different tissues within the same individual. The composition of collagen is largely glycine (Gly), proline (Pro) and 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) with smaller quantities of 3-hydroxyproline and 5-hydroxylsyl (Hyl) (Smith, 1983)."
| |
|
Internal Phosphorus Loading in Shallow Lakes, 2008.
Explains that phosphorus released from sediments in shallow lakes plays an important role in the inability to manage the eutrophication process.
6,170 words (approx. 24.7 pages), 27 sources, APA, £ 103.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that, in lakes that have suffered years of external loading, high levels of bound phosphorus are released from pools into the surrounding water column. Phosphorus in pools is bound in many forms including redox-sensitive iron compounds and loosely bound organic compounds. The paper describes the microbial action, chemical reactions and physical disturbance to the sediment layer, which contribute to the release of phosphorous into the water column. The paper also reviews several management techniques, such as removing heavily contaminated sediment from the lake floor and precipitation by the addition of iron or alum, which help speed the recovery process of the lake.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Phosphorus forms in Sediment
Phosphorus Release Mechanisms
Chemical Release Mechanisms
Physical Release Mechanisms
Biological Release Mechanisms
Management and Restoration Techniques
Source Reduction Strategies
Physical Reduction of Phosphorus Availability
Chemical Removal
Analysis and Summary of Findings
Analyzing the Unknowns
Conclusions/Recommendations
From the Paper
"The first is the use of physical means such as dredging and flushing to remove sediments containing high concentrations of phosphorus. Another method is the use of agents such as Aluminum Sulfate or gypsum to bind phosphorus in the water system. Yet, other methods have focused on long term reduction of external loading as the ultimate solution to the problem. The success or failure of these methods depends on the source and fractionation profile of the lake.
It was once thought that reducing external loading of the lake would rapidly decrease phosphorus levels in lakes."
| |
|
Buffer Systems in the Body, 2008.
An examination of how the buffer systems in the human body maintain normal pH.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 33.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains the buffer systems in the human body. It specifically focuses on the role of the buffer systems in maintaining proper body pH. The paper explains the effect on the bodily systems if changes occur to shift the balance of acid-base systems to a range that is out of the norm. The paper looks at various cations and ions in the body and their function.
Table of Contents:
Changes in pH
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Chlorine
Hydrogen
Oxygen
From the Paper
"Buffers and buffer reactions are one of the most important reactions in the human body. The body has a limited tolerance for changes in pH. The ability to maintain proper pH can present as a primary cause of concern, or it can represent a secondary complication. The most common problem associated with pH shifts are heart arrythmias and pulmonary problems. The six chemicals discussed in this research are the most important ones for maintenance of proper pH. However, there are many others that play a minor role. Understanding how the body maintains homeostasis is one of the most important concepts that any medical professional can know."
| |
|
Silica Usage and Safety, 2008.
This paper discusses the qualities, uses and safety measures of silica.
1,353 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 32.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper relates that silica is an extremely important component in many industries, including the construction, pharmaceutical, cosmetic chemical and computer industries. The paper explains its special qualities, notably that it withstands sudden changes in temperature. The paper discusses how the inhalation of fine silica dust in large enough quantities can lead to the disease of silicosis and addresses the common safety measures. The paper also looks at the specific storage and transport requirements for inert silica.
Outline:
Introduction and Overview
Usage
Safety, Storage and Worker Protection
From the Paper
"This substance was discovered in 1824 by the Swedish chemist Jons Jakob Berzelius. (SILICON or SILICA) It has an atomic number of fourteen and has various metallic characteristics. An important fact is that silica is never found in its natural state but as a silicate ion (SiO4), combined with oxygen. (SILICON or SILICA). It is found in silica-rich rocks such as obsidian, granite, diorite, and sandstone. Feldspar and quartz are the most significant silicate minerals. (SILICON or SILICA). Silica is also be found in "... skeletal parts of various protists and animals, such as certain sarcodines ...diatoms , and sponges , and in the stems and other tissue of higher plants" ( Silica)."
| |
|
Streptococcus Mutans, 2008.
An overview of streptococcus mutans and their role in the cause of dental caries and periodontal disease.
2,535 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that streptococcus mutans are the main bacteria that cause dental cavities, which can advance to the gums to form periodontal disease. The paper also explains that dental cavities are caused by streptococcus mutans and lactic acid bacteria, which perform malolactic fermentation on tooth. The paper concludes that, though various drugs are available for this illness, it is better to take precaution to stop the colonization of these bacteria through proper care of the mouth and early diagnose of dental disease.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Information on Streptococcus Mutans
Name
Classification of Streptococcus Mutans
Structure of Streptococcus Mutans
How to identify Streptococcus Mutans
Details of the Disease
Historical Significance
Historical significance of Dental Cavities
Historical Significance of Periodontal Disease
Causes
Causes of Dental Cavities
Causes of Periodontal Disease
Symptoms
Symptoms of Dental Cavities
Symptoms of Periodontal Disease
Treatment
Treatment of Dental Cavities
Treatment of Periodontal Disease
Streptococcus Mutans and its Connection to Dental Cavities and Periodontal Disease
Where Research in the Field may be Going
Emergence of Resistant Strains to the Disease of Dental Cavities and Periodontal Disease
Development of new Drugs for treating Dental Cavities and Periodontal Disease
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The shape of a bacterium is used to determine its name. Since Streptococcus mutans is of a spherical shape, the bacteria were named as coccus. The major genera of Streptococci were named as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. Another name associated with Streptococci is diplococcoi though a change by a gram negative in its feature would put them in a completely different genus like Neisseria or Branhamella. Streptococci are also found in other forms though the major shapes are in the form of a small comma known as Vibrios and a spiral shape known as Treponema."
| |
|
Biomaterials in Medical Use, 2008.
An extensive overview of the use of medical biomaterials such as polymers implants.
7,005 words (approx. 28.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 112.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that biomaterials are synthetic materials used to replace or restore damaged function. They should be biocompatible, non-toxic and non-carcinogenic. The paper reports that metals, polymers, ceramics and composites are the most commonly used biomaterials. The paper then details their use as synthetic orthopedic, dental and breast implants, in hernia repair, in gene therapy, to replace damaged organs, to enhance bone healing, to store and dispense multiple drug doses and multi-stage vaccines and other uses.
Table of Contents:
Biomaterials in Medical Use
Polymers
Shaped Bodies
The Ideal Materials
ATP Research Fund
PolyHap Implants for Damaged Faces
Polymer Chip
Anti-bacterial Implants
Breast Implants
Polyurethane-covered Implants
Benefits and Contraindications
Benefits
Contraindications
Implants for Malignant Gliomas
BCNU/Gliadel
Polymer Technology
Periodontium Regenerating System
The Invention's Specifics
The Future is Biodegradable
Hernia Device
Summary
From the Paper
"Periodontal disease affects up to 90% of the population and surgery has been the first choice of therapy. Surgery, however, does not restore lost periodontium. Restoration can happen if periodontal ligament cells can colonize root surfaces over gingival epithelial cells, gingival fibroblasts or osteoblasts. The application of microporous membranes under periodontal flaps during surgery eventually brought this effect about. A biodegradable membrane would make a follow-up surgery unnecessary and benefit both patient and surgeon from further health condition and cost."
| |
|
Nanotechnology, 2008.
This paper examines the history, uses and issues involved with nanotechnology.
867 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 21.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper describes nanotechnology and the growth of this field. The paper discusses how, although nanotechnology promises to revolutionize many products and medications in the future, many believe it needs to be researched more completely before releasing it to the public for consumption.
Outline:
Introduction
What it is
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For many start up companies across the nation the word nanotechnology strikes a chord. While it is still a small market as compared to many other open markets in today's business world it is a new enough market that it holds promise for the future of start up company success(Challener, 2003).
"The most significant contribution that nanotechnology will make to the business world is the fact that it is very flexible by design and its use. It can be used in many areas of business including automotive technology, aerospace technology, drug delivery and the textile industry."
|
|
|
