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The 18th century English writer Henry Fielding called the Odyssey "that eating poem." Focusing on specific passages, discuss food as a site of conflict, community, or cultural transaction in the, 2002.
This paper addresses the following question. The 18th century English writer Henry Fielding called the Odyssey "that eating poem."
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the following question. The 18th century English writer Henry Fielding called the Odyssey "that eating poem." Focusing on specific passages, discuss food as a site of conflict, community, or cultural transaction in the Odyssey.
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18th Century English Towns and Crime, 2006.
This paper discusses the persistent association of poor areas and crime and how this notion is related to the 18th century's growth of English urban centers.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 6 sources, £ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the 18th century and the rise of English towns, business and industry but also divided social classes. Urban improvement or progress greatly benefited the wealthy and segregated the poor who were much more numerous. Due to fears of public disorder, crime and criminal law came to address the lower classes and ideas of poor areas as synonymous with crime.
From the Paper
"In the early 21st century, one still sees environmental ideas of crime and criminality, in assumptions to do with inferior areas, poverty and deviance. One also notices ideas of 'progress' or development that can resemble those of the 18th century's growth of English urban centers. Notions of those who break the law continue to refer to differences of social class, the lower classes associated with crime, just as the law has been a creation of those higher up the ladder, a familiar theme in much literature on crime and criminal law in Britain."
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18th Century English Interior Architecture, 2005.
This paper examines the development of interior architecture and the decorative arts in England during the 18th century.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 4 sources, £ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the changes, which took place in the English country house during the 18th century. The author argues that these developments occurred as a microcosm to the rest of the nation. The paper contends that it was the confluence of classicist and romantic influences which made the interior architecture of the period so striking.
From the Paper
"The 18th century has been regarded as the epitome of the development of elegance of interior architecture throughout the Western world. Many critics believe that this century is unmatched in the history of the West with regard to the development of interior architectural styles. It is certain that during this century, perhaps more so than any other in recent historical memory, the development of interior styles was nearly without rival. Nowhere has this trend been more evidenced than in 18th century England in which the development of interior styles came head to head with various other socio-cultural forces to produce one of the most memorable periods in the history of design."
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Restoration and the 18th Century, 2004.
Provides a brief discussion of the political and social changes in 18th century England.
787 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the period of the 18th century in England was a time of great expansion and change. It explains that England became divided politically as new parties emerged to represent its citizens. Theories of old, such as those of Aristotle, became defunct as scientists like Galileo uncovered scientific theories explaining much of life's phenomena. It also discusses how the slave trade became a staple of the national economy during the 18th century. It further examines how skeptical thinking and freethinking became important realities and people living during this time began to reason more and question more things they experienced.
From the Paper
"One major historical trend that occurred during the 18th century and restoration was the movement of thinking from philosophical to rational and scientific. The explosion in theory and thought that occurred at this time was due in part to new discoveries by individuals such as Galileo and Kepler (NAEL, 2003). People living during this century began to realize that the ideas of ancient philosophers were just that, simply ideas. Many went as far to label their ancestral thinking partners as ?ignorant? (NAEL, 2003). A ?revolution of science? (NAEL, 2003) took place during this time, which sparks new sources of interest and caused a move from traditional values amongst the people of England and particular. Greek and Roman ideals of art and beauty were still of great importance during this time, however people began moving away from the philosophies of old that deemed the ancient philosophers as all knowing. People began realizing that there was much more to the world than meets the eye."
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18th Century British Justice System, 2002.
A discussion of how class and poverty influenced the 18th century British criminal justice system.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the 18th century British criminal justice system as an expression of class, property and power. Douglas Hay's article "Property, Authority and Criminal Law" argues that the 18th Century British criminal justice system was based on terror and directed principally to the protection of property. Academic responses, both pro and con, are subsequently evaluated.
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Rape In Britain In The Late 18th Century and Early 19th Century, 1997.
Examines legal, social, marital, literary, theoretical, moral, class and feminist issues, focusing on the views of women as possessions of men.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 15 sources, £ 68.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the issue of rape in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The plan of the research will be to set forth the social and cultural context in which the issue achieves significance and then to discuss patterns of activity within the culture that appear to show an evolution of consciousness and priorities in the understanding of the phenomenon.
The conceptualization of rape in Britain in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries appears to have been very much a social construction that dominated the whole of Western society, whether in England and the Empire, on the continent, or in the U.S. Thus however rape might have been perceived or experienced at the personal level, the principal social fact about the phenomenon was that it was subsidiary to more widely held views of social ..."
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Education in the 18th Century, 2002.
A look at two novels dealing with the topic of education in the 18th century - a comparison of their attitudes.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
Eliza Haywood and Henry Fielding both wrote 18th century novels which explored the social mores of high and low society at the time. What is intriguing is how they approached the subject of education, particularly through Haywood?s ?The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless? and Fielding?s ?Joseph Andrews and Shamela.? The differing objectives to educating the sexes are explored as well as the possible consequences of obtaining an education are proffered.
From the Paper
"Education is indirectly explored in Haywood?s ?The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless.? The heroine spends her formative years in a boarding school, ?the governess of which had the reputation of a woman of great good sense, fine breeding, and every way qualified for the well forming of the minds of those young persons who were entrusted to her care. [Her father] was so well pleased with having placed his daughter where she was likely to improve in all the accomplishments befitting her sex." (Haywood, 9) Through the misadventures of Miss Betsy Thoughtless, Haywood implies that one of the reasons why a girl should be educated would be to enhance her chances of securing a good marriage (then the only means of climbing the social ladder or attaining an accomplishment recognised by society)."
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Eighteenth Century English Merchant Class, 2006.
An evaluation of the emergence of the merchant class in England in the 18th century.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the emergence and social and economic impact of the merchant class in England during the 18th century. The paper explains that as a result of the industrial revolution, the merchant class gained influence and authority. The paper traces this process, beginning with British society adopting a purely mercantilist approach towards trade and commerce and then the shifting of population centers from rural to urban areas. The paper then looks at how this shift impacted English attitude toward trace and commerce, commenting that it opened up society's attitudes toward global expansion.
From the Paper
"There were some other factors as well, which affected the growth of the merchant class in eighteenth century England. In the eighteenth century, the British government imposed a legislation named "Enclosure Act", which encouraged the emigration of rural population to the cities. (Langford 70-72) In addition to this, higher wage rates prevailing in the urban labor markets encouraged the rural farmers and labors to move to cities in search for better opportunities so that they could improve their standard of living. This shift in population in turn influenced the growth of the merchant class. With the development of industries, several attractive commercial goods were made available in the cities. The availability of such commercial goods in the urban areas encouraged the urban populace to gain possession of these goods. Moreover, advancements in technology reduced the production cost and time of many goods. Several rural industries began to suffer because of the technological edge of the urban industrialists. This crisis also forced the urban people to adopt an urban way of life. (Langford 70)"
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Eighteenth Century English Merchant Class, 2002.
A paper which describes the change in eighteenth century English society due to its expansion in overseas trade and the industrial revolution.
1,146 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how eighteenth century English experienced a dramatic change in its culture and their economy. As the boundaries of the United Kingdom expanded world over, its interaction with several other cultures increased. The paper shows that because of this increased interaction with other cultures, the British culture itself went through a cultural change. In addition to this, several developments made in the areas of science and technology led towards an industrial revolution in England. The paper discusses how, as a result of the industrial revolution, the merchant class emerged as one of the most influential and authoritative group. Considering the enormous growth potential in the industrial sector, the English society adopted a purely mercantilist approach towards trade and commerce. The paper shows that with the increase in industrial developments in the region, the rural population of the country started to shift to the urban areas and thus the overall societal structure of England was changed.
From the Paper
"All these developments made a far-reaching impact on the British culture. The consequences of the Industrial Revolution not only brought a change in population but also led to a drastic change in many societal aspects. It totally changed the utilization of labor in the British economy, the family structure, the economic system, the educational system and most importantly the individual?s life style. The merchant class of England was the mostly affected group in this regard, as it composed of a considerable number of those people who previously belonged to the rural population. These individuals later totally changed their way of living, which was obviously a result of their exposure to the urban culture, increase in their income and changes in the society because of industrial revolution."
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Coleridge and 18th Century Poetry, 2006.
A look at how Samuel Taylor Coleridge rebelled against 18th century neo-classical poetry.
1,328 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the work of poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge and explains how he rebelled substantively against Neo-classical 18th century poetic formalistic and moral traditions. The paper further points out that Coleridge was instrumental in ushering in a new era of Romantic British poetry and that he greatly influenced later British Romantics like Keats, Shelley and Byron, as well as later poets of the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Additionally, the paper points out that it was Coleridge who originated blank verse in poetry and that his work had an impact modern and post-modern poetry as well.
From the Paper
"As for subject matter, 18th century Neo-classical tradition generally concerns itself with moral values; social realities, and mainstream experiences, within not only works like Pope's The Rape of the Lock (1816), but others like Wordworth's Tintern Abbey (1798). Compared against such neo-classical works, Coleridge's Kublai Khan (1816) and Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798) make use of descriptions of the sublime through nature; of sexuality, and of the unconscious, themes largely unexplored within 18th century British Neo-classical poetry."
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18th Century Botanical Art, 2005.
This paper traces the history of 18th century botanical art as an outgrowth of the Age of Enlightenment scientific botanical explorations.
3,005 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the exotic new plant species brought back from the many 18th century global scientific explorations created an interest by men and women in landscape gardening and gardening magazines. The author points out that the botanical illustrations originated as a help to Carolus Linnaeus' classification system, which greatly influenced the botanical art (also called linnaean art) of the era, and soon became very popular, appearing in garden magazines along with cultivation instructions and even as textile prints. The paper compares the similarities of the work of Claude Aubriet (1665-1742), the first botanical artist to be part of an expedition, with commercial textiles, noting that in both examples all the 'working parts' of the plants are depicted.
From the Paper
"A president of the Royal Society subsequent to Sloane, Sir Joseph Banks, was one of the most powerful men in the British scientific community at the time, and he commissioned or caused to be published significant numbers of botanical illustrations that would have influenced both artists in other genres and the public, still hungry for information about exotic plants. Banks was also unofficial director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, giving him yet another platform from which to influence the public taste. Banks himself had sailed with Captain Cook on the first of Cook's voyages around the world in 1768."
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18th Century France, 2003.
An examination of the situation of Blacks in 18th Century France.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 0 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the situation of Blacks in 18th Century France and the attitudes regarding them held by various groups and individuals. The author also includes a discussion pertaining to natural rights and individual liberties are explored in relation to this topic.
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18th Century Paris Entertainment, 2007.
An examination of the different entertainment options of the different classes in 18th century Paris.
2,362 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how in terms of entertainment, Paris had much to offer during the 18th century. It examines the most popular entertainments of the middle and upper classes, of the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy at the time.
Outline:
Public and Private Balls
Opera and Ballet
Theatre
From the Paper
"Many women would occupy their mornings with reading (if they would read - illiteracy among higher class women was much higher in France than in England at the time), drawing or music. The preferred instrument among French ladies was the harpsichord. It was considered very elegant and was an ornamented piece of furniture that could occupy a room on its own with only some chairs around for the audience. Some harpsichords were masterpieces of craftsmanship and bore elaborate drawings and carved birds, flowers, lake scenes, etc. J.B. Huet was a very talented painter who painted on harpsichords during the middle of the 18th century. The music women used to play was by Francois Couperin - his first collection Suites was published in 1713. They would also play Bach and Haendel. Mozart and Vivaldi were very much appreciated. "
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19th Century English Artists' Techniques, 2002.
Examines the contributions of Sir Charles Eastlake and Mrs. Merrifeld to the contemporary understanding of 19th century English artists' techniques.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 7 sources, £ 76.95
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Abstract
Sir Charles Eastlake and Mrs. Merrifield added much, perhaps indirectly, to our knowledge of 19th century English artists' techniques. This paper examines their milieu, and how they gained interest in the painting that they wrote upon, along with their published contributions to fine art scholarship. Both authors are looked at in the light of a particular cultural and intellectual environment.
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