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Fair Trade in the Coffee Industry, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of fair trade in the coffee industry, including three case study analyses.
3,337 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the overall importance of the coffee industry to the global economy and describes how fair trade in the industry not only benefits the major players, but the international economy as a whole. It explores the history of coffee prices and how the fair trade movement which guaranteed a negotiated pre-harvest price changed the living standards for disadvantaged coffee growers and workers. The paper concludes that there is a huge disconnect between prices for coffee in the consumption market and the price paid to the coffee industry workers which results in poverty and poor economic conditions for coffee growers. Three case study analyses are included.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Structure and History of the Coffee Industry
The Fair Trade Movement: Implications for Coffee Workers and the Global Economy
Case Study #1: Starbucks Impact on a Nations Economy: The Duality of Competition
Case Study #2: Cafedirect and KNCU - Partnership in Fair Trade
Case Study #3: Does Fair Trade Affect Quality? - Examining Coffee in Mexico
How has Fair Trade Helped Coffee Industry Workers: Tenets and Principles of Fair Trade
Fair Trade Certification Organizations: Fair Trade Labeling Organizations and International Fair Trade Standards
Conclusion: Fair Trade is Ethical Trade
From the Paper
"Globalization is a process of enhancing collective measures to integrate economies, not only via goods and services but via governance, investment, trade, and aid (DeAngelis 2004). As globalization has progressed, it is clear that the most advanced countries have gained the most from the integration of economies; as such there is a widening gap between developed/advanced countries and developing/underdeveloped countries. Does globalization favor high-income countries to low-income countries? The coffee industry highlights a common problem with many agricultural products that are marketed within developed regions - impoverished societies characterized poor development trends with a final product that is booming in the industry. Fair trade is the only mechanism that can correct this trend. It should be clear that fair trade is not the savior of the developing region; there are many structural problems that not even free trade can bypass. However, free trade has very visible benefits that have led to changes in sectors of the society (Simmons 2003). The coffee industry has faced many historical processes that have changed the living standards of many producers in the developing region; the free trade movement has helped to create some level of equity as it aids marginalized farmers in the coffee industry."
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The Value of Human Resource Management, 2008.
An analysis of the value of the human resources management (HRM) to organizations, compared to the traditional human resource (HR) rules and regulations.
1,182 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the worth and value of human resources management (HRM) to organizations. It discusses the point of its relative value in contrast to the traditional view and role of personnel management which has proven completely inadequate in the global environment. The paper specifically looks at the clear distinction between the set of human resource (HR) rules and regulations implemented and adhered to within the personnel management paradigm and the set of integrated HR solutions implemented under an HRM paradigm.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
HRM & the Contemporary Organization
The HRM Body of Knowledge
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is a clear distinction between the set of HR rules and regulations implemented and adhered to within the personnel management paradigm and the set of integrated HR solutions implemented under an HRM paradigm. The underlying difference in overall characterization between personnel management and HRM is that the former implies a set of rules that state what cannot be done, while the latter implies a set of policies that define what can be done. Personnel management is implementation of behavior constraints while HRM empowers individuals to act proactively within the organization."
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Marketing at Pfizer, 2008.
This paper discusses a marketing strategy to increase Pfizer growth in the intensely competitive and complex pharmaceutical industry.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Pfizer has built a strong business around product development and product marketing that leaves its competitors at a disadvantage in their efforts to mimic its operations. The author points out that the Ansoff Matrix is an excellent tool to weigh various potential marketing strategies. The paper relates that ideally marketing strategies should be linked to overall corporate strategy and organizational objectives as outlined by the enterprise's executive leadership. The author indicates that another growth option is to expand organically from within Pfizer. The paper concludes that, because of Pfizer's success with Lipitor, which Pfizer markets worldwide, the company should continue to capitalize on this product by creating a generic Lipitor line extension. The author continues with an analysis of this marketing strategy.
Table of Contents:
Overview
Strategy Development
Ansoff's Growth Matrix
Synthesis of Objectives
Growth Strategies
Option One
Option Two
Target Market
Positioning
Product
Placement (Distribution)
Pricing
Promotion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As soon as Pfizer is forced to go to market with its own generic version of Lipitor at reduced prices, the first year sales objective is to level Lipitor sales at $5-7 billion globally and to reach generic Lipitor sales of $3 to 5 billion. In so doing, the majority of Lipitor's research and development expenses will maintain substantial revenues. Current prices for Lipitor average $77 for a 30 day supply (Pfizer, 2005). The target price for the generic version should be $45 for a comparable supply."
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Lotus and Alternative Fuel, 2008.
This paper presents an feasibility study regarding the use of alternative fuel vehicles for the Lotus rental car company.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This research examines the rental car industry from the competitive profile of the Lotus rental car company (Lotus). The writer notes that Lotus operates rental car fleets across three major regions which include North America, Europe and Asia. The writer points out that currently Lotus is considering deploying alternative fuel vehicles and is targeting the European market as its test market and initial target market. The writer maintains that Europe is deemed a better test and roll-out market because it is ahead of both North America and Asia in terms of alternative fuel availability and use.
Outline:
Abstract
Company Overview
Industry Overview
Market Overview
Competition
Generic Competitive Strategies
Alternative Fuel Technology
Bio-fuel & Bio-diesel Overview
Economic Rationale
From the Paper
"The competitive profile in the rental car industry in Europe is uniquely different than it is in the U.S. market and several other large markets. In most of Europe's larger internal markets, such as France, Germany, and Italy, vehicle manufacturers control most of the operation fleets in the rental car industry within those respective markets. However, the UK market within the larger European rental car market is the most developed rental car market and has additional financing schemes that allow other independent operators other than the large vehicle manufacturers to enter the rental car market. Thus, in the UK, companies such as Avis tend to dominate the market. Currently, no rental car competitor in Europe is operating even a partial fleet of AFVs which creates quite an opportunity for Lotus."
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Managerial Decision Making, 2008.
A look at the four functions of the manager during the decision-making stage.
1,587 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how management is largely associated with making decisions and possessing the ability to make decisions. The paper relates that, predominantly, the character and type of decisions which a manager makes during the course of his or her duties are aligned with the four functions of the manager. The paper then goes on to examine and discuss these four functions and points out that managers, in respect to their various roles and activities related to the four functions, must be able to place their duties and responsibilities within each specific category. The paper concludes that the role of managing as a functional role based on decision making is essential to an organization's strong economic performance and consistency.
Outline:
Management
The Functions as Decision Nexuses
The Management of Functions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The roles of a manager have been the topic for much academic debate throughout modern business studies. However, generally these roles have been categorized into four broad divisions of activities. Sims (9) relates that while many other functions do exist for which management is expected to accomplish, either directly or indirectly, these four primary functional areas of responsibility, remain pivotal in the role of the manager because they form the primary nexus within which almost all of managerial decision making takes place. "
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Southwest Airlines and Strategic Alliances, 2008.
A discussion of Southwest Airlines and its organizational weaknesses, especially its lack of strategic alliances.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Southwest Airlines' many identified weaknesses, such as poor short-term liquidity, lack of strategic alliances, and declining revenue yields. The paper asserts that it is imperative that the firm forms more strategic alliances, especially in the airline industries. The paper contends that the advantage of this is that the Southwest Airlines will then have a larger market share and, when collusion takes place, it is tantamount to acting like a monopoly, resulting in more profits in both the long and short run for the airline. The paper also suggests that the firm incorporate technology in its operations. To summarize, the paper suggests that both strategic alliances and the implementation of recommended technology will improve the business.
Outline:
Introduction
Incorporating Technology in its Operations: Increasing Strategic Alliances for Southwest
Benefits from Technology for Southwest Airlines
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Southwest Airlines can incorporate this aspect of operations by using its exceptional profit margin to gain acquire more cost efficient and technologically advanced assets. The Airbus 380 landed in Los Angeles International Airport which is one of the biggest and cost efficient jets, Southwest Airlines should be at the forefront in debuting improvements in technology like this one to leverage alliances and increase the choices for consumers. Southwest currently uses Boeing 737s because it does smaller frequent flights from city to city. However increased technology can be achieved with upgrades to the current fleet or an introduction of fixed assets."
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Bristol Meyers Squibb Corporation (BMSC), 2008.
This paper discusses Bristol Meyers Squibb Corporation's (BMSC)
use of marketing research to understanding consumer behavior.
1,405 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Bristol Meyers Squibb Corporation's (BMSC) primary strengths is its success at marketing its leading products in a highly competitive sector of the healthcare industry. The author points out that BMSC's performance in the marketplace is based on a thorough knowledge of its retail customers and its end consumer, which is obtained through marketing research. The paper describes the internal dimensions, such as perceptual filter, and external dimensions, such as culture, which influence consumer choice. The author underscores that the benefit of utilizing marketing research to identify these factors of consumer behavior is that BMSC can more appropriately formulate its market strategies The paper relates that the marketing plan applies resources to the identified consumer information to develop an effective marketing strategy.
Table of Contents
Overview
Influences
The Marketing Plan
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Part of the proper identification of a consumer need, particularly in the health care industry, is identifying the correct geographic areas within which the target consumers are primarily located. This is important for several reasons but primarily ensures that the proper market is reached, that the right product or service is placed before the consumer, and that duplication of services is avoided. These considerations are all requisite to the strategic planning process in conceiving the entire marketing plan, but particularly in delineating the correct geographic, and geo-demographic areas where the targeted consumers are physically located."
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Wireless Technology in the Workplace, 2008.
This paper looks at the use of wireless technology within an organization.
860 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the use and application of wireless devices in the modern corporation in the context of a single corporation: Planet Earth Corporation. The writer notes that the rapid adoption of wireless technologies and associated devices such as cell phones, Blackberries and other handheld computing devices, have assured the corporate world of greater efficiencies. The writer discusses that research indicates that companies which employ such wireless solutions actually benefit in greater ways than simple individual employee productivity. The writer points out that Planet Earth Corporation is exploring the potential uses and abuses of wireless technologies in the workplace with a view to improve professional image as well as workplace productivity metrics.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
Wireless & Customer Relationships
Misuse of Wireless in the Workplace
Banning Wireless
From the Paper
"Equipping customer service representatives or sales agents with wireless technology can greatly enhance customer service and deepen the relationship with the consumer on the part of the business enterprise. Business researchers have begun to validate the previously informal recognition that wireless equipped sales representatives were more effective in closing sales calls because they have instant access to a customers sales records, sales history, type of product or service, and even future needs based on past inventories. Sales representatives who lack this instant access to such information and data cannot respond to customer inquiries and, in most cases, need to reschedule yet another meeting or, at the least, must follow up still again in order to close the sale or complete the transaction. This process is greatly streamlined when the sales representatives have access to the corporate database and servers remotely or can simply make a call and have the data or information forwarded immediately via email."
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NAFTA and Its Weaknesses, 2008.
A discussion of the weaknesses of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
1,685 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the positive and negative effects the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has had in Canada, the United States and Mexico. The paper asserts that NAFTA has taken on somewhat mythical proportions in the minds of its proponents and detractors alike. It holds that NAFTA has primarily struck a dissonant tone with the U.S. and Mexico, while Canada largely accepted its utility. To its detractors NAFTA offered a convenient scapegoat for all of the economic woes since its inception in January 1994, and to its proponents it has been responsible for most of the economic growth periods of the last 10 years. Yet, beyond all the hype, rhetoric, and ideology superficially imposed on it, NAFTA was a dynamic process that required monumental negotiation commitment on the part of the signatories and certainly on the part of Canada as the smallest market.
The paper concludes that, although NAFTA comes with its negative attributes, it has largely proven a boon to the Canadian economy and the country would be ill-advised to withdraw from the treaty.
Outline:
History & Description
NAFTA Weaknesses & Failure
Benefits & Cost Outcomes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While NAFTA has been somewhat contentious since before its inception, the economic results of the agreement have proven largely inline with the positive projections associated with NAFTA by its designers and supporters. In fact, the increasing reliance on free-trade agreements which essentially become a 5th column in a country's foreign policy mechanism, NAFTA has become not just an economic success but a political template for further free-trade agreements across the globe. Some researchers have pointed out that NAFTA was ground-breaking both for its visionary approach to expanded trade relationships and for its unique integration into the signatory countries' sovereignty."
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Southwest Airlines and Employee Loyalty, 2008.
A discussion of high employee loyalty at Southwest Airlines and how this can be maintained in order for Southwest to remain a market leader in the industry.
1,520 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes how the idea of high employee loyalty has transcended Southwest's business model and has allowed the airline to become a market leader in a very volatile industry. The paper also examines how high employee loyalty can be maintained and the costs that are associated with it. Lastly, the paper provides a recommendation centered on a more strategic approach to human resource management.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Achieving High Employee Loyalty at Southwest Airline: Recommending an Integration with Southwest Airlines' Strategic Model
Why Focus on the Strategic Development of Employee Loyalty?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Southwest Airlines need to be able to explore other strategic practices that embody effective human resource management. Also, Southwest's human resource model should afford the company the luxury of risk-taking without putting the firm in jeopardy financially or otherwise. In wake of the present industry changes identified or speculated - possible merger between United Airlines and Continental Airlines, and the consolidation prompted by US Airways bid to acquire Delta Air Lines out of Chapter 11. If these trends continue, then employee loyalty will just not be enough, a profit sharing scheme will be inadequate, the fact is, Southwest Airlines, needs to be involved in more expansive programs; the recommendation from this analysis is one that is focused on strategic development."
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Measurement Bases for Financial Reporting, 2008.
An analysis of measurement bases and their effects on financial reporting.
3,507 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 21 sources, APA, £ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have decided to revise their conceptual frameworks for financial reporting and accounting. The paper notes that, ideally, the present framework of both boards will be broader and expansive so as to develop a conceptual framework, which both Boards can use as an outline for new and revised accounting standards. The paper explains that one key area that is affected is the basis of measurement and its effect on financial reporting. The paper then proceeds to evaluate the different ways that measurement is defined within the conceptual framework. The paper also analyzes the methodologies identified so that choices made in the future can be based on valid recommendations.
Outline:
Introduction
Measurement and Bases of Measurement
Criticisms
Objectives of Financial Reporting and the Bases Choice: Is there a Trade-Off
What Bases Should be Chosen?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Measurement in financial reporting is therefore dependent on a lot of external factors to the organization; which affect the process of integrating it within the conceptual framework of the IASB/FASB. Bullen and Crook (2006) states that measurement will continue to be one of the most challenging aspects of the conceptual framework since neither bodies have a clear cut definition as to what are the necessary bases that should be used nor are there a set of refined guidelines for the use of any bases. The definitions of both bodies are vague, and as such the conceptual framework continues to produce a vague definition."
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Finance and Management: Non-Profit Organizations, 2008.
An examination of the profit measure criterion for governance at non-profit organizations.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper examines non-profit organizations, focusing particularly on profit measure criterion, and argues how it can benefit a hospital facility grappling with high costs and high expectations. In so doing, the paper looks at several of the broad characteristics that define non-profit organizations and suggests how an effective policy governance model and health care provisioning can be achieved simply by paying attention to the bottom line. The paper concludes that hospitals must understand that they have finite resources and that offering a few core services at a high level is infinitely preferable to running up a high debt offering numerous services at a low level.
From the Paper
"One of the strengths of using the profit measure approach is how it can succeed in ensuring that there is no confusion about who does what, what is expected when they do it, and what the final outcome(s) should be. According to Carver & Carver (2006), the properly-functioning Policy Governance Model will accentuate the following: self-imposed rules (for the board) vis-a-vis the delegation of authority and the method by which "board-stated" criteria will be utilized during the evaluation process; clarity in terms of who is responsible to whom; and a determination to see to it that board decisions (while open to possible change) are never undermined. While Carver and Carver do not touch upon it, the preceding governance approach clearly functions best when there is one easily quantifiable, easily transferable, means of measuring who is performing and who is not performing across the whole breadth of the organization's activities. The profit measure obviously does this and thereby sees to it that long-term goals are not compromised by short-term mismanagement in one department (or group of departments)."
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Ethics in Business, 2008.
A description of the sources of power of a chief executive officer (CEO) and a case study analysis of the changes instituted at Tyco after the conviction of their former (CEO).
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses ethics in business, particularly by the leaders of the organization. It describes the role of the chief executive officer (CEO) and the sources of power that he or she may have. The paper then discusses the ethical changes instituted at Tyco after the conviction of former CEO, Dennis Kozlowski, in 2005. The paper describes the case and how it was handled by the company.
Table of Contents:
The CEO and Power
Tyco after the Conviction of its CEO
From the Paper
"The company also makes clear statements of its ethical principles on its website and calls for adherence to high standards "by establishing processes and practices that promote and ensure integrity, compliance, and accountability" (Verschoor, 2006, para. 8). The lapses of Kozlowski showed that the ethical structure in place before was inadequate, and only time will tell if the corrected system will serve to assure a more ethical operation in the future. Stopping the cycle of corruption is the goal, and bringing in every employee as an active participant in assuring ethical behavior is the primary means of achieving it."
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Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola: The Market Share Struggle, 2008.
An explanation of the struggle between Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola and the marketing techniques adopted.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the ongoing struggle between Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola to dominate the marketplace. The author describes the marketing and advertising campaigns adopted by both companies and the ensuing results.
From the Paper
"One of the largest areas of penetration that the two companies have achieved is in competition for exclusive sales rights on college campuses. Under one contract, Pennsylvania State University accepted $14-million for a 12-year contract to make Pepsi-Cola the exclusive soft drink sold on campus. In the fierce competition for college rights, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are expected to spend over $600 million per year for exclusive rights on various campuses. (Van der Werf A41)
"Universities and colleges now often ask for payments in the form of gifts to scholarship funds or projects to renovate buildings or build new ones, hoping to tap various corporate accounts and increase their receipts, although such tactics raise concerns about colleges tying themselves too closely to sponsors. Schools have also sought increases in commissions they receive for on-campus soft-drink sales, sometimes going from 15 percent to 65 percent. Despite concerns about potentially alienating sources of public funding, and questions about university ethics and consistency with teaching about free-market economics while awarding monopoly contracts, cash-starved public universities are the key targets of major companies seeking high-profile schools been the most aggressive at seeking corporate support. The biggest single soft-drink contract is a $28-million, 10-year contract between Coca-Cola and the University of Minnesota. The University of Illinois at Chicago won a deal from Pepsi paying the school some $6.5-million over l0 years. (Van der Werf A41-42; Marcus 12)"
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