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Persian and Greek Architecture, 2007.
A comparison of Persian (Achaemenid period) and Classical Greek
architecture.
1,368 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the architecture of two ancient civilizations, the Persians and the Greeks. The paper examines the architecture of Pasargadae, the metropolis that became a dynastic symbol of power and reverence following the establishment of the great complex at Persepolis during the reign of Darius I between 521 and 486 B.C.E. The paper explores how the architectural styles of the Achaemenid period are comparable to those found in ancient Greece, especially during the Classical period. The paper details the structure of the Parthenon.
From the Paper
"Architecturally, the buildings of Pasargadae were constructed at varying distances from each other with the major palaces built in a huge walled complex irrigated by water channels. The main palace of Cyrus could be entered through a monumental gateway with carvings of winged bulls on either side. Within this compound, two rectangular structures with columned porches and an immense internal area filled with more columns could be found, all composed of black and white limestone (Pope, 1965, 85). The reliefs which have remained suggests that the figures represented the apotropaic monsters of Assyrian origin; others included the heads of lions, horses and goats. Overall, the mud-brick walls were painted, possibly with diagonal stripes and spirals or red, blue and white."
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Art Museum, 2007.
A discussion about various mediums of artwork, their history and where they can be found today.
2,818 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper describes many pieces of art that were selected because of unique aspects they brought to the world of art. The paper discusses the history of each piece of art and where it can be found today. It concludes by discussing why each piece was chosen for this paper and looks briefly into cross-cultural currents and trans-historical connections.
Table of Contents:
Classical Greek
Hellenistic Art
Etruscan Civilization Art
Republican Rome
Roman Empire
Islamic Civilization Art
Early Chinese
Japanese Civilizations
Gothic
Late Middle Ages
Baroque
Summary
Cultural Cross-currents
Trans-historical Connections
From the Paper
"Each piece in the museum collection was selected because of unique aspects it brought to the world of art. The Aphrodite of Arles, the first piece in the museum, had a dramatic and lasting impact on Western Art. It was the first depiction of a nude female sculpture and set the standard of the female nude in Western Art. The Aphrodite of Arles paved the way for the second piece in the collection, the Aphrodite of Melos. The Aphrodite of Melos is probably the most famous piece in the collection. She was chosen for her beauty. The Aphrodite of Melos may be the best example of Hellenistic sculpture, or possibly the best example of any classical art form. However, the Aphrodite of Melos was also chosen because of the power of propaganda; her enduring popularity owes as much to an intense French publicity campaign as to her true artistic merit. I chose the Cenatur from Vulci, Nenfro, because of its contrast with the two other Greco-Roman sculptures in the collection. Not only is the Cenatur male, he is also made of stone. The coarseness of his material increases the contrast between the Cenatur and the smoothness of the marble Aphrodite sculptures."
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Architectural Literature, 2007.
This paper compares and contrasts Sai Mustafa Celebi's "Memoir of Sinan the Architect" and Andrea Palladio's "Four Books on Architecture."
1,037 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Palladio was informed by the Western, classical tradition of thought which is demonstrated in his style as well as in his subject material. Sinan's biographer, however, relied on a more fluid and poetic Eastern tradition in both description and focus. The paper examines how, influenced by the burgeoning Italian Renaissance of the time, Palladio's treatise is a critical examination of classical architecture. "Memoirs of Sinan," however, represents a holistic examination of the architect's life. The paper reveals that due to the fact that Palladio's text is written in a very familiar style, researchers and students might well have the tendency to focus on it while ignoring the more complex and holistic text about an architect from Turkey.
From the Paper
"To begin with, consider Andrea Palladio and his Four Books of Architecture. Palladio is one of the most famous Western architects. He constructed buildings of many types in Venice and other parts of Italy during his lifetime, 1508-1580. His Four Books on Architecture was printed in Venice in 1570 and describes a variety of aspects of classical architecture, as it was known at the time. Book I examines the preparations necessary for architectural construction as well as materials employed. Book II discusses ancient Greek and Roman private houses. Book III describes public works and civic architecture, while Books IV is specifically devoted to a discussion of ancient Roman temples and places of religious worship."
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The Art of India, 2007.
This short paper briefly describes the art of India, highlighting painting, sculpture and architecture.
838 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This short paper explores both the art of India and the mysticism behind this art. The author describes the purposes of Indian art, citing the religious and philosophical meanings intertwined within a work. Several architectural landmarks are presented, including the complex of temples at Khajuraho. Specific styles of painting are also described.
From the Paper
" The most prominent feature of Indian art is that it does not attempt a representation of the immediate reality as such, nor does it bring merely aesthetic figurations of it, but that its substance is always blended with the religions and philosophies of India, and therefore pervaded with rich symbolism, with a sum of philosophical concepts and many divine characters. This is why artistic objects in India serve usually more than one purpose - the temples, for example, are not, in terms of style, merely architectural forms, but are closer to sculpture. Also the stupas , were originally small burial or reliquary places , but they are also cosmic diagrams by the special elements of their construction such as the harmika symbolizing the heaven of the thirty three gods , and the yasti , as the axis of the universe , rising through the harmika ,and thus uniting the world with the paradise above."
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Building Types and Structures, 2006.
This paper discusses the type and structure of several buildings from many ages, locations and functions.
3,295 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 21 sources, MLA, £ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Cathedral of Florence in Italy; the Thirumalai Nayak Palace in Madurai, India; the Empire State Building in New York City, United States of America, which is one the precursors of the great skyscrapers or high-rises of the world; the Louvre Museum in Paris and the designer hospitals of today, using as an example the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America. The author points out that the analysis of these structures is based on the structure's history, its design and architecture, the cost that the people of the country incurred when they were constructing it and the time that it took to complete. The paper concludes that the design and the principles of a structure are vitally important to the basic effectiveness of the building. The paper includes many illustrations and a graph.
From the Paper
"What this entailed was that the entire structure could be built without a need for scaffolding at the bottom. Reinforcements of iron and tension chains of stone were also utilized for the construction of the Dome, and finally, it was completed in 1436. Now Bruneschelli required a lantern to be fixed over the Dome, and his design was for an octagonal lantern with eight radiating buttresses, and eight high arched windows. The work on the lantern was completed after the architect's death, by Verocchio in 1469, and it was designed later to contain holy relics."
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Fashion of Architecture, 2007.
This paper discusses the intersection of architecture and fashion in the global environment.
9,227 words (approx. 36.9 pages), 24 sources, MLA, £ 136.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer takes a look at the similarities that exist in architectural design and fashion design in today's highly technologically advanced and globalized society. The writer points out that fashion and architectural design have passed through many phases as design technology has furthered the possibilities in design. The writer notes that it is now acknowledged among experts in the field, that architectural and fashion design intersect quite often in today's environment of designing products that are both attractive and that will serve the owner well. This study is of a qualitative nature and collects data in the form of information in these two design fields and then conducts what is an interpretive analysis of the information garnered from this study.
Table of Contents:
Chapter One
Background
Research Design
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Definition of Terms
Chapter Two
The Connection between Fashion and Architecture
Historical Trends in Fashion & Architecture
Impacts of Globalization & Technology on Design
Conclusion
Chapter Three
Discussion of Major Trends & Analysis
Data Collection - A Survey of Modern Designs, Designers, Photos, & Theory
Data Analysis - Criteria: Function versus Image-Statement
An Exploration of a Couple of Modern Japanese Fashion Designers' Work
An Exploration of Hussein Chalayan's Work
Chapter Four
Technology
Importance Of Materials
New Technologies -Quest For New Textiles
How Techno-Textiles Have Increased The Possibilities Of Both Architecture And Fashion
How Do They Work In Practice?
Chapter Five
Conclusion
Is the Interaction Between Fashion And Architecture A Positive Outcome Of Our Modern Life?
Where Do We Go From Here? What Will The Future Of Fashion And Architectural Design Look Like?
Recommendations For Future Research
From the Paper
"Today's architectural design and fashion design work have penetrated each others space. Fabrics are used in fashion design to create texture, color and to bring the design elements together into a whole. Architectural design uses the materials for building in much the same way and for the same purpose as each material, whether in fashion or architectural design creates a different effect on the same design. This research views the clothing of an individual making to shelter and provides a definition of our personal space such as do architectural structures although on a much larger scale. Fashion in clothing has allowed express in society for many millions of years. Generally it is those who have attained status within their cultural grouping that have the power to become trend-setters. Furthermore, color is greatly used as a matter of personal choice. Fashions vary greatly dependent upon age, social class, generation, occupation and geography. Fashion evolves constantly particularly in a capitalist society."
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Fashion and Architectural Design, 2007.
This paper explores the relationship between fashion and architectural design, viewing garments as portable dwellings.
1,431 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the relationship of fashion and architectural design from anthropological and philosophical perspectives. Art is considered as a function of the society that produced it. The Victorian Era is cited as an epoch in which architecture and fashion were interconnected. This paper includes an annotated bibliography.
Outline:
Background
Research Design
Outline and Research Structure
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"An age-old argument among scholars has been whether art influences society, or whether art is a reflection of the society that produced it. When one examines art as an expression of self, it is difficult to view it as anything other than an expression of society. Popular designers in architecture and fashion design works that achieve public acceptance. Therefore, it stands to reason that trends in architectural design and fashion design are a reflection of the society that surrounds them. This research will explore the link between fashion design and architectural design with an emphasis on the use of fabric and building materials as the medium. "
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Frank Lloyd Wright, 2007.
An analysis of the life and influential works of architect, Frank Lloyd Wright.
2,215 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the life of Frank Lloyd Wright, who is presented as one of the most influential architects in history. The writer explores Wright's childhood and its influences, his works and his life as they relate to the contribution he made to the world. The paper shows photos of some of his more famous works.
From the Paper
"Wright was born in Wisconsin in a town called Richland Center. His childhood was filled with happiness and warmth surrounded by the love of a mother and other family members who knew he would succeed as soon as he found his passion.
That passion turned out to be architecture. He spent several semesters studying at the school of Engineering at the University of Wisconsin before he decided in 1887 to go to Chicago and pursue his dreams(The Early Years http://www.delmars.com/wright/flw1.htm).
An uncle who was a minister in a church in the area got Wright an apprentice position where is first work was a Silsbee commission. In this project he designed a Hillside Homeschool for his aunt(The Early Years http://www.delmars.com/wright/flw1.htm)."
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Materials Revolution, 2006.
A look at the various new materials available to designer and architects, and how this has changed the face of urban structure.
958 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the introduction of new materials in recent decades has provided urban designers and architects with the opportunity to transform the relationship that has historically existed between people and their environments through innovations in construction and the materials from which these buildings are constructed. This paper provides an overview of some of the historical issues, such as the history of plastics, ceramics, semiconductors and reviews questions about the design issues that emerge from the nature of the materials themselves. This is followed by a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Historical Issues and Influences
Emergent Technological and Design Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Citing the example of Japan finding itself in need of coal during the 1930s, Bell reports that the Japanese simply acquired more material by invading Manchuria and appropriating their resources. This author also observed early on that the materials revolution would have a profound effect on how architects and designers selected the materials needed for any given applications, and suggested that new technologies would emerge that would allow for completely customizable materials for any given purpose. This, in fact, is what has taken place in recent years. Indeed, innovations in materials science as well as manufacturing applications that have introduced new composites and the potential for increasingly tiny applications of these substances at the molecular level through nanotechnology promise even more science-fiction-into-science fact realities. "
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Extreme Sports Facilities, 2006.
A review of the issues that local authorities should consider when providing extreme sports facilities.
3,889 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the risks and dangers involved in extreme sports. The paper discusses how the authorities that build extreme sports facilities should take these factors into into careful consideration. According to the paper, a lot of accidents and unfortunate incidents could be avoided if the facilities are properly built and cared for.
Outline:
Introduction - Popularity and Risk
Budgeting
Planning
Input from Athletes
Construction
Land
Maintenance
Liability
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Because of these kinds of risks, some towns and cities do not want to have anything to do with facilities for extreme sports, but when local authorities refuse to plan or create these kinds of facilities the people that engage in these extreme sports often try to find other places to practice their skills. This can be extremely dangerous, because practice is most often done in the streets or around buildings. When skateboards, rollerbladers, and others practice in the streets of their neighborhood, they run the risk of being hit by a car, and they also risk the lives of others that may swerve to avoid an accident and then hit something or someone else.
When these athletes practice around buildings or in public parks, there is less danger of being struck by a vehicle, but they can injure themselves very easily on railings, steps, and other areas, and they can also run into, knock over, or otherwise damage other people that may be in that area at the time. Many cities now have ordinances against biking, skateboarding, or rollerblading on sidewalks and other areas, such as walking paths in public parks. This is good for others, but unfortunate for those that want and need a place to practice. Because of these kinds of ordinances, it has become clear that these athletes are rapidly running out of areas to practice and perfect what they do, but yet many local authorities in cities and towns all across the United States still have done nothing to give these people facilities where they can do what they do and be as safe as possible, and where they do not present a danger to others that might be passing by. "
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Scrub Jay, 2006.
A discussion of the scrub jay bird in Florida.
1,197 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a short description of the scrub jay. It continues to explain that the scrub jay is an endangered species. The paper explains that as the scrub jay is a protected bird, land where these birds reside may not be developed. The author concludes with an explanation of the controversy in Florida surrounding development and the scrub jay.
From the Paper
"Scrub jays, aside from being on the Endangered Species list, are attractive.
Mating for life, one of their characteristics seems always to attract humans. These birds build a nest about 8 feet above ground, build a shallow nest basket of twigs and palmetto fibers, and raise one or two broods of hatchlings from clutches of three to four eggs. For a long while, it was thought that displaced bird families would simply move on to another scrub brush stand. However, that is not so. Scrub jays are "highly territorial. Disruption of habitat quickly leads to upset reproduction, rejection and isolation" (ecofloridamagazine Web site, 1999-2000) and disruption of habitat has already diminished the scrub jay population to about 2,000."
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British Heritage Conservation Principles, 2003.
A review of the unique quality and character of the historical districts of Birmingham, and what can be done to preserve these areas.
4,600 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 19 sources, MLA, £ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Jewellery Quarter, the oldest manufacturing community of Birmingham, UK and reviews the possible steps available to preserve the historical value and unique quality of this historical district without causing harm to the area.
Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
British Heritage Conservation Principles
Birmingham History and Background
The Birmingham Jewellery Quarter
Birmingham Jewellery Quarter Today
Current Conservation Initiatives
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"British Heritage Conservation Principles. Heritage conservation in the United Kingdom is certainly not new, and many of the major organisations and systems currently in place have been working to preserve historic sites for many years; for example, the National Trust was established in 1895 with the goal of acquisition and preservation, on the nation's behalf and in perpetuity, of places of scenic beauty (Allmendinger & Thomas, 1998). In the mid-20th century, the Trust starting acquiring country houses and estates as tax regimes changed to the disadvantage of traditionally wealthy landed gentry; while some families remained in residence, the goal was to encourage public access to these historic sites, and today, the Trust is the largest private landowner in the UK (Allmendinger & Thomas, 1998). According to Larkham (1996), the heritage conservation concept was heavily influenced by legal decisions in the early 1960s; in this regard, the impetus for these principles, like much conservationist legislation in the UK, was a Private Member's Bill. Allmendinger and Thomas note that, "These areas were defined as 'areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance': a definition which remains unchanged today. Designation was a simple process largely carried out by the local planning authority (LPA). It is a popular process, with nearly 10,000 areas designated across the UK by 1996" (p. 56). Today, heritage conservation has become increasingly applied to the marketing of products and, particularly relevant for the purposes of this investigation, whether individual sites or monuments, or entire "tourist-historic cities" (Ashworth and Tunbridge, 1990). "
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Commercial Construction, 2006.
A paper on non-residential construction.
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper describes commercial construction as "building projects exclusive of residential construction," and discusses commercial construction from both an economic point of view and from the point of view of the community. The paper discusses why commercial construction is a boon to the construction business, providing stable work even when residential construction is at a lull. The paper also discusses the complexities of managing commercial construction.
From the Paper
"Commercial construction is defined as "building projects exclusive of residential [single- or two-family home] construction". It is one of the biggest segments of the entire construction industry and is believed to have strengthened the industry in recent years due to rapid and steady growth. The commercial sector has been growing steady for some time now as is evident from market research and reports. Back in 2000, Sinderman wrote: "...the state of the commercial real estate market is strong. The demand for office, industrial and retail buildings remains high, and, as Internet-based companies continue to grow, specialized facilities have become more popular than ever." In 2005, a construction report by McGraw-Hill supported that claim: "The commercial and infrastructure construction segments are providing a lift to the overall construction industry, marking a role reversal from most of the past two or three years. According to October 2004 figures for future construction contracts calculated by McGraw-Hill Construction, Lexington, Mass., overall new construction starts increased 4 percent in October versus September (on a seasonally adjusted basis), with nonresidential and infrastructure construction gaining while the residential sector fell slightly." (Late Rebound)"
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Frank Gehry, 2006.
An overview of the life and work of the architect Frank Gehry.
2,442 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the life of Frank Gehry and his work, focusing on how he is associated with certain industrialized styles seen as representative of Los Angeles architecture from the 1970s and 1980s. It discusses how, even though Gehry represents these home structures to the people of Los Angeles, he also represents the visible face of the city through his structures in other cities, adding to the luster of Los Angeles by contributing to its reputation as an innovative and creative place that influences the rest of the world.
Outline
Introduction
Gehry's Reputation
Gehry in Los Angeles
Disney Music Hall
From the Paper
"The Walt Disney Concert Hall was situated very consciously on Bunker Hill, placed in relation to a number of art venues: the Central Library, the three theaters of the Music Center, MOCA (Museum of Contemporary Art), and the Richard D. Colburn School for the Performing Arts. Surrounded by heavily trafficked streets, the Concert Hall literally spills out onto Grand Avenue with its various intriguing convex and concave shapes. The interior of the Hall is encompassed in Douglas fir and gives the impression of a nautical vessel instead of a great musical instrument."
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