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The Jewish Ghetto, 2006.
A review of various works regarding the Jewish ghetto experience.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the topic of Jewish history by reviewing various literary sources. The paper focuses primarily on what these selections can teach us about the Jewish experience in the ghetto and each authors' understanding of what was happening. The paper discusses how nothing can quite prepare the reader for the impact of these wartime diaries smuggled out of the European Jewish ghettos. The agony is real and the suffering seems endless for these persecuted peoples.
From the Paper
"The most interesting aspect of this seeming world indifference is the reaction by Randolph Churchill, who did hope to arm the Jews and aid in their escape. However, the program was doomed from the beginning, when the number of parachutists recruited to parachute into Europe and organize resistance dropped from 100 or more to only thirty-two, which was not enough to escape and make a difference. All but one were caught and shot. About 2 to 3,000 Jews did manage to escape as a result of the attempt, but this was the epitome of Jewish resistance, and it certainly was not much to look back on (Sachar 553-554). "
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Religion and the Holocaust, 2007.
This paper discusses how religion is tied to the Holocaust and looks, in particular, at the views of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Pope John Paul II and Elie Wiesel.
1,456 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer maintains that religion has always been tied to the story of the Holocaust because of two facts. First, the writer points out that the Nazis considered themselves to be Christians and often claimed to be working for the greater glory of God. Second, the writer notes that the Nazis targeted Jews, along with smaller groups of other people for extermination. In this paper the writer looks at three different approaches to this subject. The writer describes how Dietrich Bonhoeffer struggled with the conflict between his pacifist beliefs and the recognition that one man, Adolf Hitler, was responsible for the worst atrocities ever seen by humankind until that point. By comparison, the writer notes that Pope John Paul II lived through World War II and he openly grieved for the loss of all Holocaust victims and led his followers to recognize what happened and grieve for that loss as well. Further, the writer examines the views of Elie Wiesel, a survivor of the Holocaust, who believes that Christian religious leaders did not do enough during the Holocaust and that they have not accepted full responsibility for their failure to try to prevent it.
From the Paper
"Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a Lutheran minister in Nazi Germany, was a pacifist who participated in a plot to kill Adolf Hitler. In studying the Sermon on the Mount, he concluded that rather than flee from Germany he had to remain and work from within. He was caught and imprisoned in Germany, and executed shortly before Germany was liberated by the Allies. He believed that to live as a responsible Christian one had to act in ways appropriate to what Jesus Christ wanted for His followers. To Bonhoeffer that required active opposition to Hitler and his genocidal policies. He saw an important distinction between abstract principles and the act of living responsibly every day. It logically followed that working to eliminate Hitler was a religiously responsible thing to do. More simply put, he realized that if one is not part of the solution, then one is part of the problem."
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A Holocaust Novel, 2006.
This paper analyzes Tadeusz Borowski's semi-autobiographical Holocaust novel; "This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen."
1,607 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Borowski's book that looks at what the thoughts of the emotionless prisoners were as they witnessed atrocity without reaction. The paper analyzes how his writing conveys his lack of emotion; the narrator seems wholly numb to the events that occur around him. The paper is of the opinion that it is one of the most moving accounts of the Holocaust. The paper concludes that overall, "This Way for the Gas" is a fascinating piece of literature. It illustrates plainly the way survival in human society can sometimes mean surrendering one's humanity. Borowski was no longer able to see the other prisoners as human beings. The paper explains that as a result he survived the war but afterwards could not live with himself.
From the Paper
"Everyone has seen the sixty year old footage of the prisoners of Nazi concentration camps; we have all seen the black and white film clips of nude and starved human beings lumped together behind barbed wire fences. Yet, perhaps the most haunting features of all such footage are the gaunt, hollow, and emotionless faces of the men and women forced to live and die under some of the most terrible conditions imaginable. Of all the horrifying things to be said about the Nazi Holocaust, one of the most difficult to comprehend is what the thoughts of the emotionless prisoners were as they witnessed atrocity without reaction. Maybe the best answer to this question is provided by Tadeusz Borowski in his semi-autobiographical novel This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen."
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Genocide, 2006.
A discussion of the history of genocide and its implications.
1,977 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the history of genocide in the world. It discusses specific examples of genocide and gendercide throughout history - focusing on when and where they took place, as well as details of how and why they were carried out. It also discusses law that have been established with regards to acts of genocide.
From the Paper
" One of the most notorious modern acts of gendercide and genocide in the world occurred in the Bosnian silver-mining town, called Srebrenica, in July 1995 (Jones 2001). The events in this town were the culmination of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina, the most vicious genocidal battleground in the Balkans conflict. This conflict started in 1992 and was characterized by large-scale genocidal and gendercidal acts. The Balkans is a major mountain range in Southeast Europe spanning 563 kilometers from Yugoslavia through central Bulgaria to the Black Sea. Bosnia is a region in the northern part of Herzegovina, while Herzegovina is the region in the southern part. The Serbs were the settlers in Bosnia in the seventh century until it became independent in the 12th century. It came under the control of Turkey in 1463 along with Herzegovina until the latter's conquest by the Austro-Hungarian Empire after 1878 and the addition of Bosnia in 1908. After World War II, Bosnia and Herzegovina united to form a constituent republic of Yugoslavia, which existed from 1946 to 1991."
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The Nazi's Rise to Power, 2006.
Differing perspectives on the Nazis' rise to power.
2,618 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the reasons behind the Nazi's rise to power. The writer analyzes the militant nationalism and authoritarianism that were the building blocks of German society at that time. The paper further discusses how German society blamed the victors of WWI for the future rise of the Nazi Regime, and the anti-Semitism that lead to the death camps.
From the Paper
"The Injustice and Identity Frames notwithstanding, there are those revisionist historians who have sought other explanations for the collapse of Humanistic Civilization in Germany during the period of Nazi ascendancy. Taylor has already mentioned the god-like awe in which the devoted Nazi held his or her Fuhrer. Hitler was pushed down the path of carnage and destruction by the irresistible force of the Jewish menace, but in taking that path, he would end up the savior of the German race."
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Anti-Semitism, 2006.
A study of the history of anti-Semitism through the ages.
1,464 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how although the term anti-Semitism is reasonably new--dating back to the latter half of the nineteenth century--prejudice and persecution of Europe's Jewish community began as long ago as the rise of Hellenistic culture in Greece. It discusses how Judaism has become the object of state-sanctioned persecution. It also looks at how from early Roman times into the twentieth century, Jews have occupied exclusive residences and communities within nations dominated by competing religions and how this, in turn, generated additional hostilities among those who believed that the Jews had been afforded some exceptional status.
From the Paper
"After emancipation, by the 1860s it could have been "concluded that European Jewry was becoming completely integrated." (Katz, 14). Yet, these political advances, it would seem, masked an underlying social force: the demand to find new grounds upon which to single the Jewish people out. Ultimately, this is the only reasonable cause for the dramatic turn of events that, once again, identified Jews as a troubling sect within European society: "Writers, politicians, and scholars in the 1870s, again attacked Jews and found their onslaught so well received by the general public that an entire movement sprang up, one openly proclaiming its opposition to Jews." (Katz, 14). This, however, was a new form of anti-Jewish literature; no-longer were Jews merely hated on the basis of their role in the death of Christ, or their peculiar social station, but also upon racial and wholly secular grounds. "
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Two Holocaust Diaries, 2006.
An comparison of two works of literature about the authors' experiences during the Holocaust.
1,576 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This essay compares and contrasts two works of literature written during the Holocaust. Two diaries, one written by Elie Wiesel and the other by Chaim A. Kaplan, are examined from their differing approaches to a shared horrific experience. The paper further explains that the authors both needed the diaries to survive the war to act as testimonies of their trials. The paper describes the two authors' backgrounds as contributing to their different approaches to the tragedy of the Holocaust. Finally, the author views these two works as being of tremendous historical value.
From the Paper
"Kaplan seems ready to place blame upon virtually every group within and without Europe, for the historical and political forces he deemed responsible for his experiences. At times he condemns the ancient prophets for bringing down the wrath of heaven; he also expresses anger towards the Jewish police in the Ghettos; he also identifies what he calls the "conspiracy of silence" among Western leaders who allow Jewish persecution to continue. Similarly, Wiesel is not content to merely blame the Germans for what he was forced to endure. Wiesel takes great care, within the pages of Night, to illustrate the notion that the evil he felt and witness was not merely limited to the soldiers who inflicted the various forms of torture and death upon those in the Holocaust; instead, he sees the historical circumstances as having brought out the evil in everyone. He documents the terrible selfishness that conditions within Auschwitz awakened within the prisoners: "Here, every man has to fight for himself and not think of anyone else. . . . Here, there are no fathers, no brothers, no friends. Everyone lives and dies for himself alone." (Wiesel, 70-1). "
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Setting and Plot in Puig's and Levi's Novels, 2006.
Comparing and contrasting "Kiss of the Spider Woman" by Manuel Puig and "If This Is a Man" by Primo Levi.
1,663 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
Using the books "Kiss of the Spider Woman" by Manuel Puig and "If This Is a Man" by Primo Levi, this paper looks at how plot is developed through the characters' tales of their lives to help lift them from their oppressive environments. The paper shows how characterization and setting are often key elements in plot development in a novel.
Introduction
Analysis
Comparison of Works
Contrasting
Conclusions
From the Paper
"In both novels the settings and characters affect the plot. In each instance the characters attempt to rise above their gloomy existence through narrative. This is done via use of a fictional telling in Puig's novel, and Levi's real life day to day encounters in his work. In "Kiss of the Spider Woman," only two characters exist and the prison cell is enough to cause a chemical reaction to take place. In this case each of the characters must pass time and do so through story telling and by caring for one another. In "If This is a Man," Primo has to bury his dignity and identity. This is an essential part of the plot and structure of the novel. This aspect of the work also represents transformation much like that which occurs in Puigo's work. For example, in Chapter 1 prior to his arrest Primo is rebellious. However by chapter two the main character is presented as a hollow man, reduced to suffering and needs. Here he has reached the lowest of lows. Later Primo's name is replaced by a prison number that allows him to get food. This too represents the lack of dignity and respect the character must undergo. In Chapter 13 during the selection to the gas chamber, the experience of cold and hunger, the reader is left with little margin for thought. The main character must under these circumstances and challenges resign himself to despair which occurs on page 131."
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"Judgement at Nuremberg", 2006.
An historical review of the 1961 film "Judgement at Nuremberg".
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the historical veracity of the 1961 movie "Judgment at Nuremberg", a fictionalized account of the post-World War II Nuremberg Trials. The film focuses on an actual trial of judges who carried out the laws promulgated by the Nazi State. The paper provides an extremely detailed outline of the movie's plot development, delving into an analysis of the characters and their actions and motivations. The paper concludes by examining how the movie parallels -- and deviates from -- history.
From the Paper
"Assigned to the trial as Chief Judge is Dan Haywood (Spencer Tracy), a low profile justice, who by his own admission, was not the original or subsequent choice. The prosecutor is Col. Tad Lansing (Richard Widmark) an "army man" who vows to convict the four ex-German Judges. Defending the accused is Hans Rolfe (Maximilian Schell) who must convince the court that the defendants were acting only for the love of their country. Among the defendants are respected Judge Ernst Janning (Burt Lancaster) who has written several books on law accepted the world over. Lawson accuses the defendants of signing orders for the sterilization of innocent men and the execution of those who opposed to the Reich and the extermination of the Jews. He puts Rudolph Peterson (Montgomery Clift) on the stand as a victim of sterilization. Rolfe manages to expose the pitiful Peterson as mentally challenged. Later Irene Hoffman (Judy Garland) is put on the stand to explain her alleged affair at the age of 16 with an elderly Jew. As his coup de grace, Lawson shows a film depicting the horrors of German concentration camps.
In between the sessions, Judge Haywood strikes up a friendship with Madame Bertholt (Marlene Dietrich) the widow of a former German general, in whose former home the judge is staying. In spite of their differences they begin to grow fond of each other."
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Racism and its Influence on Society, 2006.
A study of racism in the United States and the world.
3,480 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper studies racism and intermingling of racism in the United States. The paper discusses why, despite emancipation and the civil rights movements, racism persists and races do not intermingle in America. The author includes a survey of the events involved in the emancipation and integration of African-Americans into American society. The paper also surveys various types of racism around the world in history, while focusing on the plight of African-Americans and Native Americans in the United States.
From the Paper
"Racism and its impact have been felt all over the world and the innate struggles and tussles that racism involves are being felt not only in the United States of America but also across the entire world. In the United States of America, racism has been in a particularly virulent form, and this may be because of the undeniable fact that America has been built on the labor of African slaves, and also on the labor obtained by the exploitation of poor immigrants. In the year 1860, there was a Civil War that sought to demand the abolition of slavery, and this did end the cruelty of slavery. However, during and after the defeat of Post War reconstruction, both capitalists as well as plantation owners subjected 'Black People' to a sort of 'semi-slavery', and this continued until the Mass Struggles by the African-Americans that came into force during the middle of the 1950's."
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Swiss Banking, 2005.
Examines the difference between Swiss and U.S. banks and explores the history of Swiss banking.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
In addition to the secrecy of Swiss banks, they differ from U.S. banks in two other significant ways, the variety of services offered and the quality of their loans. This paper examines the history of Swiss banking and compares it to the American banking system. The paper also discusses the billions of dollars belonging to Holocaust victims that were held by the Swiss banks for so many years, before a solution was found.
From the Paper
"In 1996 US Senator Alfonse D'Amato (R-NY) brought this issue to the attention of the US government and hearings were held in the Senate. On February 6, 1997, three Swiss banks, following intense pressure form the US, announced they would create a humanitarian fund of 100 million Swiss Francs ($70 million US Dollars). Jewish organizations were critical, however, estimating that there could be billions unaccounted-for. Later that year, the Swiss government created a humanitarian fund of five billion dollars."
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Trans-generational Effects of Holocaust, 2005.
Examines how the Holocaust influences second and third generations.
2,290 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
The Holocaust is a painful reminder that humanity can turn upon itself and inflict incomprehensible damage. It undoubtedly altered the course of millions of lives, many of which are still attempting to heal, despite the decades that separate the event from the present. Naturally, survivors of the Holocaust acutely feel the aftermath of this horrific persecution. The paper shows that what is not commonly known, however, is the ripple effect currently underway that impacts the second and also the third generation of individuals whose relatives fell victim to the Holocaust. In an attempt to understand the complexity of this phenomenon, this paper separately examines each generation and the ways in which the Holocaust has affected it, and how this trans-generational transmission occurs.
From the Paper
"As previously mentioned, adult survivors of the Holocaust exhibit different reactions to their wartime tragedies than their younger counterparts. Some use black humor to ease an otherwise unbearable situation (Klein, 1990). Immediately following liberation, 'an extreme sense of insecurity resulted in the need to search for someone, somewhere, who might by a miracle still be alive' (Eitinger, 1429). For many, this uncertainty persists today. As one researcher indicates, adult Holocaust survivors regard highly a sense of normalcy (Bender, 2004). This means that despite internal suffering, they attempt to externally appear well-adjusted and functional. "
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Contrasting Two Works from the Holocaust Literature, 2006.
A look at the contrasting works "Survival in Auschwitz: The Nazi Assault on Humanity" by Primo Levi and "A Scrap of Time and Other Stories" by Ida Fink. The two books offer opportunities for interesting contrasts,
1,548 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
In this comparative review, the author looks at two prominent books written about the Holocaust, "Survival in Auschwitz: The Nazi Assault on Humanity" by Primo Levi and "A Scrap of Time and Other Stories" by Ida Fink. The paper starts with a brief but poignant history of the Holocaust and the attitudes to it. The author then proceeds to look at the two books which in his opinion offer opportunities for interesting contrasts. He highlights how Levi has written a factual account of his personal experiences towards the end of the war whereas Fink is considered to have written a fiction story which covers the whole period of the war even though she was also subjected to the horrors of the war. The author concludes that even though both books are categorized differently they both tell the same horrific story of man's inhumanity to man and neither book will let you shrug.
From the Paper
"Though both books describe events that revile even the most stoic among us, the two authors seem to emphasize different aspects of the experiences described. Levi's work is essentially a success story. Will and grit, and a little luck, lead to his survival. As the author remarks, "Man's capacity to dig himself in, to secrete a shell, to build around himself a tenuous barrier of defence [sic], even in apparently desperate circumstances, is astonishing and merits a serious study" (56). Fink's book reports few successes. Parents sacrifice children, friends turn on friends, individuals are forced to face and embrace their darkest selves. Though both authors tell chilling tales, Levi
seems to offer more hope, while Fink leaves the reader with feelings of deep despair."
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Holocaust Deniers and Education, 2006.
A refutation of arguments used by Holocaust deniers.
1,767 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
The writer explains that Holocaust deniers feel that the material taught in schools and colleges is propaganda written by Jews to gain sympathy, collect money for the State of Israel and to perpetrate hatred of the Nazi movement. It explains that the Holocaust deniers feel that their opinions should be taught in schools and colleges as part of the curriculum. The writer contends that the Holocaust curriculum taught is accurate and need not include claims made by historical deniers. The paper brings the three main arguments made by Holocaust deniers. The writer states objections to each argument and raises doubts about them. In conclusion, the writer states that Holocaust deniers have no logical arguments when confronted with information that is contrary to their beliefs and that the historical convergence of evidence proving the Holocaust did happen overpowers the illogical thinking of the deniers.
Table of Contents:
Statement
Argument One
Objection
Reply
Argument Two
Objection
Reply
Argument Three
Objection
Reply
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Holocaust deniers do not deny that there are gas chambers and that some were even used to murder concentration camp victims. We simply state that they were not used for the mass murder of Jews during the Final Solution. They were there for the delousing of linens and clothing. There is not one shred of written proof that the Jews were ordered to die by gas chambers. As for the crematorium, we also do not argue that conditions in concentration camps were harsh, causing the death of many. Crematoriums were the most efficient way to dispose of the bodies who died naturally at the concentration camps."
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