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Holocaust, 1999. Examines the participation by the average German and the government, Nazi propaganda, antisemitism, non-Jewish deaths, the role of Police, peer pressure, psychology of and religious issues. 3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 4 sources, £ 74.95 »
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Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine theories of how and why the Holocaust, or the mass murder of the civilian population of Jews (about six million) and non-Jewish civilians targeted for extinction by the Nazi regime (perhaps another six million) could have been perpetrated and supported by ordinary human beings as much as by the official state apparatus of programmatic evil.
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine theories of how and why the Holocaust, or the mass murder of the civilian population of Jews (about six million) and non-Jewish civilians targeted for extinction by the Nazi regime (perhaps another six million) could have been perpetrated and supported by ordinary human beings as much as by the official state apparatus of programmatic evil. The plan of the research will be to set forth the explanations offered by Christopher R. Browning in Ordinary Men and Daniel Jonah Goldhagen in Ordinary Men and Hitler's Willing Executioners, respectively, and then to discuss which of the arguments make the most compelling case and whether and to what extent each argument suggests ways of interpreting the human condition and the prospect of future genocides.
As both Browning and Goldhagen argue, and as the evidence of the ..."
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Rwanda & Genocide in the 20th Century, 1999. Critical review of account of causes & effects of massacres of half a million Tutsis by Hutus. Examines the international reaction as compared to other genocides. 1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, £ 27.95 »
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From the Paper "Alain Destexhe, in Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century, describes the massacres of half a million Tutsis in Rwanda, places that genocide in its historical context, explains how such a holocaust could occur just fifty years after Hitler, and calls for punishment of the guilty by an international tribunal to forestall another genocide in the future. The book is brief but powerful, leaving the clear impression that what has happened in Rwanda is truly among the three most horrible mass murders in the century. The author is relentless in focusing on the fact that the international community allowed this horror to occur, did little to stop it, funnelled its efforts into largely after-the-fact humanitarianism, and failed to punish the guilty and thus deter future genocide. The author suggests that the world has learned little from the genocides of the Armenians and..."
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Anti-Semitism, 1997. Historical overview of anti-Semitism from Middle Ages to end of WWII, focusing on Germany & U.S. from 1900 to end of WWII. Assimilation, immigration, ghettoization, politics, religion and law. 1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, £ 37.95 »
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From the Paper "At the beginning of the twentieth century, antisemitism was openly espoused everywhere in the Western world, even in the most respectable circles, to a degree that cannot easily be appreciated today. In consequence, Jews throughout Europe and the United States lived in a state of uncertainty, usually "tolerated" but seldom fully accepted. In the course of the following forty years, European and American Jewry would experience radically different fates. Nazi Germany would attempt to exterminate the Jews of Europe, and would succeed in killing some six million of them. At the same time, American Jews would move more nearly into the mainstream of national life than perhaps any other Jewish community in the Western world. The following discussion will compare the dramatically divergent experiences and fates of the Jewish communities in Germany and.."
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Japanese Internment in WWII, 1996. Background, sociopolitical conditions & moral & legal argument against putting Japanese in camps in U.S. as threat to security. 1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, £ 37.95 »
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From the Paper "During World War II, the United States interned Japanese residents of the Western states in internment camps such as that at Manzanar in California. The reason was indicated in Executive Order 9066, signed in 1942 by President Roosevelt to give authority to the War Department to define military areas in the western states and to exclude anyone who might be seen as threatening the war effort (Houston and Houston xi-xii). Japanese living in the Western states were seen as potential subversives and were summarily removed to camps to prevent this. The camps operated until after the surrender of Japan, though the U.S. Supreme Court ruled at the end of 1944 that loyal citizens could not be held in detention camps against their will (Houston and Houston, 1973, xii). The United States was wrong to place any Japanese who had not committed any offense into these..."
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Internment of U.S.Japanese Residents in WWII, 2001. Military rationale. Issues of discrimination, civil liberties. Presidential proclamations & Supreme Court rulings. 1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, £ 37.95 »
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From the Paper "During World War II, the United States interned Japanese residents of the Western states in internment camps such as that at Manzanar in California. The reason was indicated in Executive Order 9066, signed in 1942 by President Roosevelt to give authority to the War Department to define military areas in the western states and to exclude anyone who might be seen as threatening the war effort (Houston and Houston xi-xii). Japanese living in the Western states were seen as potential subversives and were summarily removed to camps to prevent this. The camps operated until after the surrender of Japan, though the U.S. Supreme Court ruled at the end of 1944 that loyal citizens could not be held in detention camps against their will (Houston and Houston, 1973, xii). The United States was wrong to place any Japanese who had not committed any offense into..."
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Hitler's Final Solution, 2001. Analysis of systematic murder of European Jews. "Intentionist" and "functionalist" explanations. Role of Nazi Party propaganda, European anti-Semitism. 1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, £ 32.95 »
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From the Paper "The "Final Solution," or systematic murder of the European Jews, fit Adolf Hitler's ideology from the very beginning of his career, but it was not part of his plan for the Third Reich until circumstances made it possible. For more than two decades historians have debated the "intentionalist" and "functionalist" explanations of the Final Solution. Intentionalists hold that the direction of the Reich was primarily guided by Hitler's decisions which were "calculated or 'intended' to realize the goals of an ideologically derived 'program'" that he had followed since the 1920s. In this view, the death camps were the long-awaited culmination of Hitler's program. Functionalists, on the other hand, argue that the Final Solution was not part of a comprehensive plan, "rather, the Holocaust resulted from the failure or unfeasibility of increasingly radical plans to [expel]..."
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Prisoners Without Trials: Japanese Americans in World War II, 2001. Discusses internment in context of U.S. history of prejudice & discrimination. 900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, £ 18.95 »
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From the Paper Roger Daniels, in Prisoners Without Trials: Japanese Americans in World War II, makes clear that the internment of Japanese-Americans was not simply a fluke that was justifiable during wartime. To the contrary, that internment was part and parcel of both the long American history of prejudice and discrimination against minorities in general (Native Americans, African Americans, Mexican Americans, etc.) and especially against Asian Americans.
The argument that the interment was justified because Japanese Americans posed a threat to the security of the United States ignores the fact that Italian Americans and German Americans were not rounded up and placed in internment camps. This was true despite the fact that Germany and Italy were enemies in World War II along with Japan. The racism of the..."
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German Industry and the Holocaust, 2001. Discusses role & support industries gave to Nazi war machine; final solution; slave labor; Auschwitz; accountability. 2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 12 sources, £ 55.95 »
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From the Paper " This research paper discusses the role of German industry, its involvement, culpability and accountability, in and for the Holocaust, the systematic extermination or mass genocide of about six of the eleven million Jews in Europe by the government of National Socialist (Nazi) Germany between 1940 and 1945.
With very few exceptions, German industry gave its wholehearted support to the Nazi war machine and knowingly and actively participated in the implementation of the Final Solution (Endlosung) of the 'Jewish Question.' It did so for a number of reasons related to the furtherance of corporate interests; and it acted with at best a crippling moral indifference to the suffering and fate of the Jews. Those industries most directly involved were the major manufacturers.."
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"Survival in Auschwitz" by Primo Levi, 2001. Experience of Italian chemist in death camp. His search for truth, freedom & self-knowledge. Survival. Brief overview of Naziism. 1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 2 sources, £ 37.95 »
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From the Paper "The harrowing experience of Primo Levi, detailed in his book Survival in Auschwitz, was the experience of millions of people in World War II. The book is powerful and affecting, and it also serves as a very strong portrayal of the entire era of which the Holocaust is a part. This book presents the real effects of history, not the changes in leadership and the movements of armies but the changes in the lives of real individuals who become the victims of other people's hatreds an ambitions. No single book can be considered a complete history of the "final solution" or its aftermath, but a book such as this one provides strong insights into the effect such horrors had on the people against whom the Final Solution was directed. As we consider what Levi has to say about that era and his description of what was done to himself and others, we will.."
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Mans Search For Meaning (Viktor Frenkl), 2001. Examines triumph of human freedom over oppression & degradation of concentration camps. 1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, £ 32.95 »
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From the Paper "1. Introduction
Based on Viktor Frankl?s Man?s Search For Meaning, this essay is an examination of the capacity of human beings to hold on to their freedom and find meaning in life, in spite of adverse physiological, social, and psychological conditionings. While reading Frankl?s depiction of the traumatic life in a concentration camp, one poses this fundamental question about human existence: how can human beings tolerate this level of degradation without giving up their faith in human freedom and meaning in their lives?
The answer lies within the inner souls of the prisoners who possessed the courage to exercise their freedom and make their own choices when confronted with the nightmarish options available to them. As Frankl points out, even though most of the.."
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Life is Beautiful: A Holocaust Comedy?, 2001. An analysis of the acceptability of the comedic theme in the movie "Life is Beautiful", which deals with the Holocaust. 1,935 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 35.95 »
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Abstract This paper argues that the comedic element found in "Life is Beautiful" is appropriate to the subject of the Holocaust. The opposing viewpoints of Gerald Peary, a critic for the Boston Phoenix, and the late literary scholar Terence De Pres are also presented.
From the Paper "Shortly after WWII, jokes associated with the Holocaust were found circulating in Israel. For example, ?Do you know why Hitler killed himself? He got his gas bill? (Mamet, 142-3). Jokes like this one are often considered inappropriate because they mock a very tragic event and furthermore offend many Jewish people. Such people find jokes about the Holocaust disturbing to hear and yet others find them humorous. Therefore, this form of questionable humor poses the question, do comedy and the Holocaust mix? When dealing with an issue as serious as the Holocaust, it is debatable whether or not an element of humor is appropriate."
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The Holocaust, 2001. This paper analyzes the differences between how men and women experienced the Holocaust. 3,815 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 61.95 »
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Abstract The paper argues in depth why men and women had different reactions to the Holocaust and how both roles were changed forever. It describes the women's burden of being both Jewish and female, with its different emotional and psychological experience, the domestic changes with the emergence of working women and biological issues.
From the Paper "Treatment of Jews in Nazi Germany, during WWII, brought a whole new meaning to the phrase ?women and children first.? Traditionally this phrase implies that women and children are the first to be saved, but in Nazi concentration camps they were the first to perish. Due to a man?s natural physical strength, his manpower could be utilized in slave labor camps. Although there were some female labor camps, women and young children were often deemed unfit for such a brutal assignment, and were therefore sent to be executed upon arrival at various concentration camps. Babies and pregnant women, once at camps such as Auschwitz, were automatically targeted for death. Women and children, who have traditionally been protected in times of war, were mercilessly forced into gas chambers after being separated from their husbands and fathers. They too were part of an ideological goal to exterminate races deemed unfit by the Nazi Reich."
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The History of the Nazis, 2001. This paper discusses the Nazis regime's rise to power and its political activities. 2,010 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 6 sources, £ 37.95 »
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Abstract This paper takes the reader into an exploratory journey through the rise of the Nazis from 1918?1939. The author discusses Adolf Hitler's rise to power, the party's political agenda and its expansion nationwide. Furthermore, it urges the reader to remember the evil the Nazis caused humanity in order to prevent history from repeating itself.
From the Paper "In 1939 the war of the world included the United States anger and coupled with allies the Nazis were finally defeated. The rise and fall of the Nazis is something that we must never forget. A man with a charismatic speaking ability, and a nation with economic troubles was all it took to grow one of the biggest monsters in the history of the world. The Nazi regime still lives. It is in corners, and web sites and meetings that are around the world. We must never let them grow, and we must never let them win again."
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False Assumptions about the Final Solution, 2002. This paper examines the assumption that only monsters could have committed the mass murders of the Holocaust. 2,010 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, £ 37.95 »
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Abstract This paper compares two books written about the extermination of Jewish people: ?Ordinary Men,? (Christopher Browning) and ?Resisting the Holocaust? (ed. Ruby Rohrlich) and tries to show how every human has the ability to become a murderer if he/she were placed under the correct circumstances.
From the Paper "The men who carried out the anti-Semitic operations were ?too old to be of use to the German army? (Browning 1). Instead they were drafted into the Order Police where they would carry out behind-the-scenes procedures not important enough to require trained officers of the military. Instead of selecting the men most suited for the task of executing the Jews, it is most likely that they were not fit enough to make any other contribution to the war effort. Most of them had no previous military training and many of them went back to their previous occupations after the war had ended, having completed their required service (Browning 144). "
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