Foreign Policy Formulation

Paper Summary:

This paper discusses the varied and numerous factors and actors in international relations that influence foreign policy formulation in Britain and Germany. Transnational Organizations such as the UN and the EU are covered, along with NATO's role post WWII. Concepts such as 'chequebook diplomacy' are explained and also the emergence of a new national German interest post 9/11 is examined.

From the Paper:

"The Anglo-American relationship is reputed to be the strongest bond to have existed between two independent sovereign nations, certainly in terms of foreign policy harmonization. The UK claims "a special relationship with the United States, not shared by others" (Kenneth Younger, 1964, p104), throughout Europe, although Germany shares some common interest with her through NATO, having occasionally stoically exhibited this commitment. "Germany prefers to compromise its tradition of military restrain, rather than weakening its reputation as a reliable partner within NATO" (Volker Rittberger, 2001, p179), as German participation in Kosovo demonstrated."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Diplomacy, Henry Kissenger, Simon & Schuster, 1994
• Geopolitics in United States Strategic Policy 1890-1987, G.R. Sloan, Wheatsheaf Books, 1988
• Rise to Globalism, American Foreign Policy since 1938, Stephen E. Ambrose, Penguin, 1985
• The United States and Western Europe since 1945, From "Empire" by Invitation to Transatlantic Drift, Geir Lundestad, Oxford University Press, 2003
• International Relations, Joshua S. Goldstein, Longman, 1999

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