Abstract
This paper analyzes the Duke of Buckingham in Shakespeare's "Richard III".The Duke was a clever, power-hungry and ambitious opportunist who supported the most dominant people in the country. When Richard was trying to be king of England, the Duke of Buckingham supported his evil schemes to punish the innocent in order to seize power. Later, the Duke of Bucking showed intelligence, wisdom and compassion when he refused to support the killing of more innocent soul during Richard's reign.

Tags:duke, buckingham, shakespeare

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed discussion on the role of women in Richard III. The writer examines the female characters, their station in society, their role as survivors and the impact they have on the other characters in the play.

From the Paper
"Throughout time women have held various roles in the large scheme of life. Different points in history have provided the women with different expectations and societal viewpoints change within those eras. In recent decades the role of a woman has changed dramatically as the women's movement came to pass and the world learned to accept their equality. It was not always the way it is today however women have held a role of importance since the beginning of time. The era of Richard III was one in which men were the kings of their castles in a literal sense as well as a figurative sense. It was a time of great acts of chivalry as well as a time in which females did not often have jobs or careers."

Tags:discussion, character, society, survivor, impact, Elizabeth, Edward, Margaret, female, feminism

Abstract
This paper describes the four techniques used by Richard, in William Shakespeare's play, "Richard III", to win the love of the audience. Eliciting the audience's sympathy and then their collaboration, Richard's ability to charm and manipulate the audience depends are various elements; each is cited as a technique used by Richard to gain the audience's devotion.

From the Paper
"One of Shakespeare's most memorable characters is a villain who will always be remembered for his outstanding intelligence, political intensity, and incredible language skill. Richard, Duke of Gloucester, a devilish man, who murders anyone who stands in his way, even innocent people. We ask ourselves how could anybody with a hypocritical, and deceiving nature win the hearts of the audience of so many generations: for at-least most part of the play. It is agreed then that normally one such a person would horrify and disgust one and all. However, Richard (I stress not King Richard) which will be clarified by the end of this essay; mesmerizes his audience with sly skill. He captures sympathy in his audience by convincing them that his physical deformities should excuse him of committing evil crimes. His alluring use of language is like a spell that is cast over the audience and sustained from the beginning of the play until Act IV. Richard is then able to charm his audience into a partnership of evil and corrupt manipulation. Moreover, Richard, distinguishable than any other villain, and deserves his title because of the four most vital techniques that he uses: through these techniques he is able to win the love of the audience. There are four specific techniques that are used by Richard, which will be explained in-order of importance throughout the essay. The key idea is that each technique adds to, enhances, and strengthens the effect of the situations and outcomes- to whoever is participating in the play (audience, characters etc.)."

Tags:society, cruel, reject, deformity, devilish, schemes, speech, friendly, sinful, plot, king

Abstract
This paper explains that, in "Richard II" and "Henry IV", William Shakespeare explores the issue of kingship by depicting Richard II and Henry IV as polar opposites. The author points out that Richard II, whose claim to the throne is considered legitimate but whose ability to lead is poor, is regarded as the complacent and lyrical king; whereas, Henry IV, whose claim to the throne in terms of the laws of succession is unstable, has won the support of the people based on his merit. The paper stresses that the perspective of Hal benefits from the experience of both his predecessors in that he is the legal successor to his father. The paper includes several quotations.

From the Paper
"Shakespeare has an ambivalent attitude towards kingship. He does provide an argument in favor of rightful succession to Richard's throne and the maintenance of traditional values embodied in the crown and the state under its rule, in the voice of Carlisle, for example. Yet at the same time, he clearly illustrates the destructive nature of kingship on the individual behind the crown. There are moral questions raised which are never answered which in itself casts doubt on the values inherent in kingship. For example, we are never provided with a suitable moral explanation for, and are never really comfortable with, Hal's renouncement of Falstaff."

Tags:ambivalent, succession, destructive, obligation, egotism

Abstract
This paper questions the reasons for King Richard II's demise, whether he was to blame, whether he was irresponsible and whether it was a sin to kill him. It reflects upon these issues and also discusses if whether despite his downfall brought about by his own actions, Richard grows as a character in the end.

From the Paper
"King Richard is not a man of action and as the play advances and he gets into more and more trouble, his end approaches and he becomes most poetic of all. He shows himself to be a poet and a dreamer. At Flint castle he asks Aumerle ??.Shall we call back Northumberland, and send Defiance to the traitor, and so die?? And Aumerle replies? No, good my lord; let's fight with gentle words?? This is also an example of another cause of King Richard's downfall. He surrounded himself with flatterers and poor advisors. Richard ignores the only sound advice he gets from Gaunt's death bed and even wishes that the doctor would quicken his death so that he can seize Gaunt's land."

Tags:henry, york, england

Abstract
This paper relates that Shakespeare's primary intent in "Othello" was to develop the villainous character of Iago, whose motives are represented as being highly complex and ambiguous, but villainous in the extreme. The author points out that Richard is shown to be a villain of the highest caliber, whose power-mad lust for the crown compels him to confirm his claim that, "I am determined to prove a villain." The paper concludes that Shakespeare portrays Iago and Richard in much the same light, as sociopaths who view others as merely objects representing obstacles in their path to fame and glory, which makes them villains by any definition.

From the Paper
"However, much like Richard, Iago's ambition is the source of his villainy rather than his resentment at being overlooked for promotion, sexual jealousy or the racial prejudice he had consistently faced; rather: "A man motivated by simple jealously and hatred would have no such need. He is not inspired by pure evil and desire to torment Othello either. In reality, Iago's main motivation, born out of an inferiority complex, is a desire to heighten his sense of superiority and power." According to Agrawal, Samuel Coleridge's phrase, ". . . motive hunting of motiveless malignity," may best describe Iago's strange actions and behavior. "Motive hunting" exactly describes Iago's soliloquies. He continuously ponders over and tries to understand his emotions. It is clear that he wants to torment and destroy Othello. However, he is not sure of the motivations underlying that desire." "

Tags:sociopath, crown, complex, lust, obstacles

Abstract
This paper examines how Shakespeare's work changed substantially through his career and how change wasn't always for the best. It briefly outlines the chronology of Shakespeare's work and discuss some of the similarities and continuities as well as the changes evident in the texts of "Cymbeline" and the "Sonnets" compared with his other works such as A Midsummer Night's Dream" and "Richard II". It also considers the contemporary influences that may have informed these changes as well as critical reception and performance histories that bring us to the current state of popularity of these works.

From the Paper
"Critical reception of Cymbeline has been mixed, which has inevitably affected the popularity of the play. Many early critics such as Samuel Johnson writing in the eighteenth century focused on its lack of classical form and Hawkins and Garrick produced modified versions of Cymbeline to encompass classical ideals. Nineteenth century reception was on the whole more sympathetic, particularly to the character of Innogen who found favor with the Romantics and Victorians. One notable critic writing at the time of women's suffrage was George Bernard Shaw who condemned its "artificialities" and declared Innogen an "idiotic paragon of virtue" (quoted in Brown and Johnson, 2000, p. 10). Shaw also criticized the play's complicated denouement and entirely rewrote it for his production in 1936."

Tags:shaw, samuel, johnson

Abstract
The paper presents an understanding of the term "Renaissance" that shows both Marlowe's "Dr Faustus" and Shakespeare's "Richard III" as indicative of an era concerned with the questioning of fundamental ideas and immense exploration. The paper also explains the term "Renaissance" as indicative of moral turmoil as we see morality playing a major role in both works. The paper interprets the literature as making us consider what are essentially universal human problems, this being a major preoccupation of that era known as the "Renaissance".

From the Paper
"The term 'Renaissance' literally means rebirth. There are many views as to the exact dates of the Renaissance period in history, and indeed the essential characteristics of this 'rebirth'. For this essay, I will take the term to indicate the period in history between the early fourteenth century and the late sixteenth century, a time of exploration and 'a time of intellectual ferment that laid the foundations for the thinkers and scientists of the 17th Century.' This human endeavour inevitably lead to a renewed questioning of old ideas and was aided by the invention of the printing press, which made ancient works including Greek and Latin classics and the Bible available to the public for critical reading. This in turn lead to a new approach to religion in general, which can be seen in the later reform of the church from Catholic to Protestant. This change in the church is today known as the Reformation, and can be defined as a secularisation of the church which ended the ecclesiastical supremacy of the Pope and placed a new emphasis on the relationship of the individual to God."

Tags:exploration, thinkers, intellect, science, ideas, morality

Abstract
This paper will seek to understand the play "Richard the III" by Shakespeare in comparison with Josephine Tey's novel, "Daughter of Time". A making a comparison and contrast between the main characters of each of these stories, we can see how the authors characterize their stories.

Abstract
This paper provides a personal interpretation the all original all-male production of William Shakespeare's "Richard II" at the restored Globe Theater in London. Through an examination of the text, references, humor and pathos in the interaction of the characters, it looks at the transformation of the weak, arrogant monarch into the pathos-filled figure of the defeated king that is the center around which the story revolves.

From the Paper
"The historical walls around the play, the political background that serves to propel to plot forward is, in its way, nothing but that: mere background, a canvass onto which Richard's tragedy is painted in rich hues. And yet, I must hasten to add that this interpretation is not absolute: rather, it is my perception of the way the Globe production interpreted Richard II, and therefore it is that interpretation that I would argue for in this paper. As Brooker notes, "while any number of valid interpretations is possible " and so the celebration of these multiple readings for their own sake is misguided " these various, contradictory meanings need to be argued for and supported if they are to extend beyond the microsphere of the individual reading.""

Tags:john, monarch, king