Abstract
This proposal identifies the key research questions for exploring India's involvement in developing Africa. The proposal addresses key questions regarding the motivations and impact of India's involvement and also examines some of the potential risks involved from both from the Indian and African perspectives. The paper includes an outline of the methodology and a timetable for the research. This paper contains a table.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Aims and Objectives
Research Questions
Literature Review
Research Methods
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Conclusions and Recommendations
Time Table

From the Paper
"India's development activities have been well documented. The country has an extensive development cooperation policy (Collier 2008). However, the scale of this development assistance is still limited. In 2007/2008, African countries received $50 million worth of India's annual development fund (Charturvedi 2008). There have been question marks here as to why India has increased its interest in African development. In order to answer this question it is important to examine the different aspects of India's action within Africa. Attempts at effectively buying influence within Africa during the Cold War stand out as potential motivators ,particularly in light of China's interest in the continent (Hoogvelt 2001). However, according to Pugh, the majority of India's development efforts appear to be geared towards peace building although aspects of the desire for this peace is thought to be partially influenced by economic motives (Pugh, et al. 2009).
"As mentioned above, there is evidence that India's regional cooperation initiatives in Africa are not only beneficial to African countries, but also to India itself (Naidu 2009). The idea of buying influence and resource access is a strong motivator for this, however as Sachs as argued, this is not to say that this will not be beneficial to Africa (Sachs 2005). However, it is important to be aware of a motivation which may be less than altruistic (Stiglitz 2002 p.42)."

Tags:foreign, direct, investment, globalisation, exploitation, corruption

Abstract
This paper proposes research to investigate through the use of historical analysis whether groups, such as Al Qaeda, do have real grievances against the West and whether policies of the West, particularly in the Middle East, may have exacerbated or caused directly these grievances. Next, the author describes the methodology by which this research will evaluate if the mass media has reported falsehoods or has twisted stories to suit an overall intended message to satisfy the opinion of the majority. In addition to the current War on Terror and the situation in the Middle East, the paper reports that the research also will cover the cases of Vietnam and Northern Ireland.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Context
Significance
Hypotheses
General Overview
Literature Review
Methodology
Chapter Headings
Conclusion

From the Paper
"There is a wealth of literature relating to the varying aspects of the war on terror. The articles from Strategic Comments provide a useful background to many of the issues; however, they are limited in their overall scope and are heavily biased toward the conduct of the campaigns, rather than an analysis of the causes and reasons for the initial war. Carlton deals with this question in more detail and is heavily critical of the West's policies since the 1970's, arguing succinctly and effectively that the current state of terrorism can be attributed directly to Western failings. Carlton arguing the same line as right wing commentators such as Coulter, that a harder line would have been more successful. There are many writers who agree with the conclusion that the West's policies have largely been to blame but these tend to disagree with the conclusion. Hobsbawm for instance highlights the importance of the Israel Palestine conflict in shaping perceptions of the US in the Middle East, his conclusions being largely supported by Hourani's excellent historical analysis despite Hourani's work not taking into account the current war on terror. They argue that the influence of the US in the region has been seen by many as being tantamount to imperialism, something which the nature of the war in Iraq supports, and they that the support for Israel has been so huge that it has destabilised the region."

Tags:language motives models perceptions, primary analysis

Abstract
This paper is a research proposal designed to show that students perform better in school, both academically and socially, when their parents and/or other caring adults are involved in their lives and that the skills students learn from their parents and school at a young age carry over into their adult lives and affect how they function in society. The author reports that she will use a quantitative method based on report card grades and a parental questionnaire ascertaining the degree of parental involvement. The paper assumes that the analysis will show that, in general, children who perform well in school have more parental involvement overall than children who perform poorly. And this is why programs for these at-risk children, those not supported by their parents, are so badly needed.

Table of Contents
Definition and Significance of the Problem
Conceptual Framework/Literature Review
Hypothesis or Statement of Purpose
Methodology
Data Analysis
Limitations of the Study

From the Paper
"Often, there is not much time for the children after the parent or parents arrive home from work. They are tired, and therefore the homework and other concerns of the child are often neglected or done in haste instead of talked about the done properly. This is doing a great disservice to our youth, as they will be the future of this world, and many of them will be ill prepared for the "real world" of work, bills, and household duties and responsibilities because of a poor education and poor role models. This can be prevented, but it is not an easy fix, and much work remains to be done."

Tags:function, quantitative, report-card, questionnaire, programs

Abstract
This paper relates that the General Affective Aggression Model (GAAM) is one of the leading theories in the field of aggression, which argues that exposure to violent video games can increase short-term aggression (20 minutes following exposure to a video game) over long periods of time. The author states that the experimental hypothesis is that children who play violent video games are more likely to be more aggressive on the playground. The paper describes a research design with three experimental groups consisting of randomly selected 8 to 10-year-old boys and girls. The experimental group plays a violent video game (e.g., Kung Fu), one control group plays a non-violent video game (e.g., Ms. Pac Man) and another control group will consist of children that did not play a video game.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Proposed Study
Methods and Statistical Analysis
Participation
Design and Procedures
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Certainly, the literature available notes several limitations on this type of study. One important constraint is that this experimental design does not allow researchers to determine the effect of video game violence in a 'real' or 'playful' environment. Goldstein notes that voluntary exposure to violent video games may have a different effect than enforced exposure on aggression. In the lab, video games are not entered into in a playful frame of mind, as they are in the 'real' world. However, the need for a controlled, experimental situation in this experiment makes such a distinction difficult."

Tags:play, experiment, control, correlational, affective

Abstract
In this article, the writer presents a study to explore which system offers the greatest benefits to increasing physical activity in students; an incorporated sport and education system (as in the United States) or a segregated system (as in the United Kingdom). To examine this area of limited research, this study proposes to assess the effectiveness of the after-school sports programs in the United Kingdom compared to the system employed in the United States. The writer explains that the term "separated system" describes the after-school sports programs that are operated on a voluntary basis without funding from the school. The term "incorporated system" describes the after-school sports program that are operated and funded by the school.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review

From the Paper
"Physical inactivity levels of children have inevitably led to the increase in obesity which is a problem of epidemic proportion with no definitive solution. Obesity is commonly described as a complex issue with many variables, such as lifestyle, diet, physical activity, physical inactivity, social-economic status, etc... Statistics from the United States shed light on how substantial the problem is by stating that one third of children and teens are overweight or obese. Levels in the United Kingdom are of a similar range with 31% of boys and 29% of girls being overweight or obese (National Health Service 2010). Obese children, who are not physically active, are at increased risk of significant short-term health problems such as hypertension, insulin resistance, respiratory problems, orthopaedic complications and are at risk of the possibility of developing adulthood obesity. Research has shown that the health risks of obesity are overwhelming but, most importantly, they are preventable with physical activity."

Tags:after-school, program, sports, extra, curricular, students, physical, activity

Abstract
This paper explores the use of Cranberry as a prophylactic intervention for urinary tract infections (UTI). It presents a research proposal to compare groups of adult pre-menopausal women who are susceptible to UTI to determine if the participants consuming cranberries have a lower rate of UTI than those not consuming cranberries and if larger amounts results in a lower incidence of UTI. A review of seven pieces of primary literature, aimed at determining the effectiveness of cranberry at reducing UTIs in populations of; women, elderly men and women, spinal cord injured adults and children with a neurogenic bladder (a bladder dysfunction associated with neurological malfunction) is also undertaken. The literature was selected because it represented a cross section of society, allowing comparisons to be made across different populations. The literature is analysed to allow the current writer to form opinions based upon the evidence. Two tables and a glossary of terms are included with the paper.

Outline:
Introduction
Background Information
Aim of the Literature Review
Search Strategy
Objectives of the studies
Design
Subjects & Settings
Methods & interventions
Cost Effectiveness
Ethical Consideration
Results/Effectiveness
Populations of elderly women, and men and women
Populations of women
Populations of children with a neurogenic bladder
Population of spinal cord injured patients
Cranberry Interventions
Conclusion and direction for the future
Research Proposal
Title
Study Problem/Purpose
Relevance/Study Rationale
Literature Review
Research Objectives/Research Questions
The Secondary aim is to determine;
Methods
Study Design
Subjects
Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
Identifying and approaching participants
Baseline Data Collection
Randomization
Intervention
Trial Data Collection
Sample Size and Analysis Plan
Sample Size
Analysis
Data Management
Ethical Considerations
Funding
Plans for Dissemination
Reflective Conclusion
References
Glossary
Appendix a. Interventions between studies

From the Paper
"Since the early twentieth century, before the invention of antibiotics, consumption of berries from the vaccinium species (in particular Cranberries) was associated with a reduction of bacterial urinary tract and bladder infections. Seminal research carried out by Blatherwick (1914) initially identified benzoic acid within cranberries as the main therapeutic agent. Blatherwick (1914) hypothesised that Benzoic acid was digested then excreted as hippuric acid, having effect upon the urine by altering the ph, creating an environment which prevented the bacteria from multiplying.
"Scientific opinion changed during the late twentieth century after further studies were carried out. Sabota (1984) reproduced in-vitro samples from both humans and mice. He found that if bacteria were pre-incubated with Cranberry juice prior to being introduced to uroepithelial cells, the adherence capability of the bacteria was significantly reduced. Ofek, Goldhar, Zafriri, Lis, Adar and Sharon (1991) identified that the active ingredient proanthocyanidin, contained within the Cranberry, was the main constituent which interfered with the bacteria's ability to adhere to the uroepithelial cell walls. The new knowledge regarding Cranberries and their ability to prevent UTIs changed the future direction of scientific investigations and increased the popularity of Cranberry."

Tags:organic, scientific, investigations

Abstract
This paper proposes a study to investigate the development of key skills within physical education with a main focus on Information Communication Technology (ICT) and teachers' opinions surrounding this key skill. It attempts to understand what motivates teachers to use ICT and the impact ICT has on physical education when integrated at Key Stage 3. It also examines issues such as funding, training, resources, age and finding the time to implement this key skill without losing practical time.

Outline
Introduction
Overview
Current Practice Within School
A ICT Within Physical Education
Methodology
Questionnaires
Results
Analysis and Discussion
Training, Personal Confidence and Age
Access and Resources
Strengths and Weaknesses of ICT in PE At Key Stage 3
Is There a Place for the ICT Key Skill Within PE?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Government's push for ICT to be recognised as an important key skill within compulsory education has received widespread support, and many writers have commented on its possibilities. Leask and Williams (1999) described the importance of the integration of ICT into the Curriculum, and agree with the DfEE when describing network literacy as "a vital extension of the ability to read and write". (p 194). This was also confirmed by research evidence found by Bonnet et al (1999) who agreed that, with sufficient support, interactive ICT in particular has the potential to develop qualities of evaluation, independence and responsibility in children's learning and understanding."

Tags:age, communication, funding, ict, information, key, resources, stage, technology, training

Abstract
This paper is a proposal for a study on liberal intergovernmentalism. It looks at how the integration of an ever-expanding number of states within the European Union has been one of the most remarkable and significant developments in international relations since the end of the Second World War. In particular, it looks at one theory of how it happened - the theory of intergovernmentalism. The paper also contains a detailed literature review on a wide range of topics relating to E.U. integration and a broad discussion of issues arising from this topic.

From the Paper
"The integration of an ever expanding number of states within the European Union has been one of the most remarkable and significant developments in international relations since the end of the Second World War. It was able to resist the rise of Communism, go on despite the tensions of the cold War, and only augmented and accelerated after the fall of the Berlin wall. After a War which had seen Europe's grandest and greatest powers finds against each other in the most total, global and bloody conflict humanity has ever seen, they were within half a generation working together toward economic (and more controversially) political union."

Tags:communism, Stanley, Hoffman, international, relations

Abstract
This research paper investigates the introduction of a higher forecasting power in predicting the foreign exchange rates, than the current conventional macroeconomic fundamentals. The research works on the E/$ currency pair only and is aimed at exploring the impact of micro-structure in a high frequency trading behavior. It also examines whether the feedback trading phenomenon is also observed in the high frequency trading activities, so as to establish a more comprehensive and accurate forecasting model.

Outline:
Introduction
Micro structures
Literature Reviews
Data Collection
Research Study
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Microstructure has become increasingly important in the foreign exchange markets in the recent years; it has been suggested to have a higher forecasting power in predicting the foreign exchange rates than the conventional macroeconomic fundamentals. A series of academic research have been undertaken and show some evidential supports for this notion. However, by and to a large extent, these studies mainly focus on the lower frequency data, ranging from days to weeks, while studies based on a higher frequency, i.e. from minutes to hours is much rarer. Since the trading behaviour is less dependent or hardly relied on the fundamental elements within a short period of time, thus it is interesting to test whether the microstructure has a more influential impact on the foreign exchange rates in a higher frequency trading activity. In addition, recent literatures have suggested a reverse relationship between the customer order flows and foreign exchange rates (Marsh & O'Rourke, 2004), i.e., the customer order flows are dependent on the foreign exchange rate from the previous test period, rather than driving the foreign exchange rate in the next following test period. This feedback trading behaviour is also worth exploring, in order to reveal whether a complicated and interacted relationship exists between the two."

Tags:elements, trading, correlation

Abstract
This research proposal explores the disease of asthma, its symptoms, affected populations, and treatments, with particular focus on the usefulness and efficacy of nutritional supplements. The role of the FDA is touched upon, and the hypotheses and methodology for the proposed study are included. The paper concludes that possibly, if a study is undertaken with regards to nutritional supplements usage and the treatment of asthma in elderly and adult patients, effects can be noted and a base for further research can be developed.

Outline:
Background of the Problem
What is Nutrition?
How Does Nutrition Affect The Human Body?
Asthma and its Effects
Nutritional Supplements
Uses of Nutritional Supplements That a Physician Should Know About
Treatment of Asthma
Why Is Asthma Under Diagnosed And Under Treated In The Elderly?
Statement of Problem: Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Asthma
Hypotheses for the Study
Definition of Terms
Importance of the Study - Nutritional Supplements and Asthma
Why should we study the effect of Nutritional Supplements on Asthma?
Research Questions for the Study
Methods of Research - Methodology
Procedure to Collect Data and Treatment of Data
Methods-Sample Selection and Sample Size
Ethics and Review
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Asthma is categorized as disease that has taken a toll on children, adolescents and elderly alike. It has symptoms that are easy to detect, and for such, treatment is usually always required. However, one thing to note here is the fact that Asthma is generally incurable and that it can only be controlled through drugs and medication, with proper and early diagnosis of asthma in the patient. (Mark, 2006)
"It is one the most common diseases in the United States and all over the world, with about approximately 20 million people affected with asthma in the United States only. In this, quite a large number are children. (Mark, 2006)"

Tags:asthmatic, vitamin, mineral