Concepts and Mechanisms in Atherosclerosis

Paper Summary:

The paper identifies atherosclerosis as an inflammatory disease and discusses the causes and the manner in which it occurs. The paper gives a well documented and technical explanation of the processes involved and includes diagrams.

Outline:
Introduction
Immune Cells involved in the Lesions of Atherosclerosis
Immune Cells Patrol to the Vessel Wall
Chemotactic Transmigration
The Role of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis
T-Cell Types and Function in Atherosclerosis
CD8 Cells and T Cells Involved
Summary

From the Paper:

"Macrophages (MPh) and T cells are generally common components found in atherosclerotic lesions, thay may also contain a few mast cells and the occasional B cell. T cells are activated by the antigens locally presented by antigen-presenting macrophages and dendritic cells. Activation inspires a production of interferon- (IFNg), which not only primes the macrophages for activation but also regulates the smooth muscle and endothelial functions. Activated macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor- (TNFa) and IL-1, which can induce pro-coagulant (Coag), fibrinolytic (fibr.), and adhesive properties on endothelial cells (EC)."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Poole JCF, Florey HW. Changes in the endothelium of the aorta and the behaviour of macrophages in experimental atheroma of rabbits. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1958; 75: 245-252
• Gerrity RG. The role of the monocyte in atherogenesis, II: migration of foam cells from atherosclerotic lesions. Am J Pathol. 1981; 103: 191-200.
• Jonasson L, Holm J, Skalli O, Gabbiani G, Hansson GK. Expression of class II transplantation antigen on vascular smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest. 1985; 76: 125-131
• Frostegard J, Haegerstrand A, Gidlund M, Nilsson J. Biologically modified LDL increases the adhesive properties of endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis. 1991; 90: 119-126
• Jonasson L, Holm J, Skalli O, Bondjers G, Hansson GK. Regional accumulations of T cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the human atherosclerotic plaque. Arteriosclerosis. 1986; 6: 131-138.

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