Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of gender on subject choices of post-16 students, looking particularly at A-level students who tend to select stereotypical subjects according to their gender. Subject choices have an impact on the job market, making certain careers dominated by a particular sex and this is a vital area to research as disproportionate subject choices in schools could prevent equality in the workplace. It determines whether this influence of gender on subject choice is a national trend and also if it has any consequence in the career market. The study is based on secondary data, consisting of official U.C.A.S. statistics and national A-level results. The paper includes various charts and graphs.

From the Paper
"Although the 1944 Education Act made secondary education accessible to all children, boys and girls did not pursue the same curriculum, as the dominant ideology was they should study subjects which would best prepare them for their natural roles. Introducing a national curriculum in 1988 attempted to legislate gender equality in education. In an effort to eradicate the traditions of children taking subjects in accordance to their sex, girls were required to study previously male dominated subjects, and vice versa. Students were allowed to choose some subjects, in which gender differences can be noted, but this choice was only permitted outside the "core" areas of English, Science, Mathematics, Technology and a foreign language. However by A level, when students are given a complete choice of subjects to study the gender differences re-emerge despite pupils studying mostly the same subjects up until the age of 16."

Tags:careers, curriculum, ucas, a, level

Abstract
This paper provides a case study of Charlie, an eleven year old boy living in a household that is currently having difficulties dealing with the arrival of Charlie's younger brother Ben and how, in order to cope with this, uses self-harm and aggression towards others. It discusses how he shows signs of attachment and anxiety issues which are on-going problems at home and how he is likely to be experiencing problems relating to peers. Through different assessment theories, it shows how Charlie's behaviour is directly correlated to parental marital discord and increased anxiety state.

From the Paper
"The role of attachment in childhood emotional development is imperative, as the bond of attachment in infants and their mother or primary care giver, is often said to lay the foundations for all later relationships. Infants want to be near their mothers, and when distressed, they are comforted by their mothers face, voice and touch.
It used to be widely believed that the love for the mother was a direct consequence of the fact that she provided the means to satisfy basic needs, she provided food, warmth, physical protection and relief from pain. The most influential version of this approach was probably that of Sigmund Freud, who believed that infants felt fear at their mother's absence as they believed they would go unfed."

Tags:attachment, relationships, parents, anxiety

Abstract
This paper explores the nature of the relationship between a mother and daughter when the mother in the relationship lost her own mother during childhood or adolescence. The paper hypothesizes that a woman who lacked maternal attachment in her youth will try to make up for this lack by over-zealous mothering later in life. The paper also aims to test whether fathers make themselves emotionally available to their daughters in the period after loss. If they do not, it is possible that they fail to heal or treat the wound created by the lack of maternal attachment so that the women has this cross to bear when becoming a mother herself.

From the Paper
"The premier theoretical standpoint on loss has been provided by the writing of John Bowlby (1969). His thesis, though groundbreaking, was simple and stark; the loss of parental care and affection has a tremendous impact on the emotional and personal development of children. Writing in the 1950s, Bowlby provided the theoretical background for a greater concentration in offering opportunity and social justice for those children brought up in difficult environments. Indeed, he was called upon to advise the world Health organisation. He was keen to stress not just the simple sense of misery created by the lack of maternal affection, but also the "grave and far reaching effects on character" (Bowlby, 1969, 72) which would ensue. He, and later Fonagy (2002), built upon a notion of Freud's (1963), which will be dealt with in more depth under attachment; the concept of a trauma event and its link to neuroses. "

Tags:psychology, freud, bolby, loss, parenting

Abstract
In this article, the writer firstly critically analyses the health and well being outcomes for young people leaving care; addressing the areas of mental health, physical and learning disabilities. Secondly a critical evaluation of both national and specific LAC focused health promotion strategies is discussed and the impact of these on the young person's journey through care is provided, with particular attention paid to young people affected by disability and mental health problems. Throughout the essay an awareness of oppressive and discriminatory practices is demonstrated.

From the Paper
"As mentioned earlier, mental health problems are very prominent in care leavers. Once a young person reaches 18 years of age, there are often problems with accessing adult services. Young people with mental health problems can find it very difficult when they become care leavers. Mental health issues are sometimes left undiagnosed in looked after young people as doctors and psychologists sometimes feel that they do not want to "label" young people. This could be because there is still a stigma attached to having a mental health issue. However, on the opposite side of this, if a mental health issue is not diagnosed then resources are not made available to the young people when they may need them in order to lead a full and health life. Another difficulty for care leavers who move on to adult services, is that they may forget appointments and no-one is there to remind them or take them to appointments, this means that the young person is not receiving the care and support they may need."

Tags:supports, disability, stability, impairment

Abstract
The primary focus of this paper is to assess the impact of divorce upon children. The research explores this subject area in a broad and encompassing manner. Given the overt attempt to encapsulate a wide variety of issues and factors the paper does not delve into specific areas of analysis in massive analytical detail, and includes at various points a general examination based on secondary research. The work is split into various sub sections, including a discussion chapter which explores the various issues concerned in a thematic manner.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Discussion of findings
Literature Review
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
''However, it will become clear that much secondary source material on this subject is heavily based on the empirical and statistical traditions of social policy study. Therefore, as a consequence of these various comprehensive secondary studies, this work gains a strong element of empirical and statistical support, even if this does not come about as a result of individual research in the field. In most part, this dissertation utilises qualitative research from the wider social policy field. Some use of quantitative data is of course made at points. As such, the writer has ensured that issues pertaining to representativeness, bias and selectivity are taken into account if not expressly discussed.
''Through the use of the above research endeavours this work aims to follow a clear path of overall detailed assessment around the issue of divorce and its impact upon children. As such, the research methodology suggested above aims to highlights the degree to which the impact of divorce on children is an immensely complex and wide ranging subject requiring the inclusion of numerous and varied factors, issues and variables. Indeed, the various academic works examined throughout this dissertation clearly illustrate this inherent complexity.''

Tags:divorce, children, child

Abstract
Within the context of multi-disciplinary practice, relevant legislation and social policy, this essay outlines and evaluates two methods of intervention applicable to working with children and young people with a mental health disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The methods of intervention that are outlined and evaluated are cognitive behavioural therapy and opportunity led work. The essay also addresses the challenges inherent in practicing across different value bases and theoretical understandings of the medical and social model of mental health. Throughout the essay, an awareness of oppressive and discriminatory practice is present.

From the Paper
"There are two theoretical perspectives to take into consideration when working with people with mental health issues; the medical model and the social model. The medical model has a broad application however it does originally sit in the field of medicine. The medical model follows a general series of events; diagnosis stage, prescriptive stage and curative stage. The diagnostic stage is when the individual goes to see the professional, be it a doctor or a psychologist. The prescriptive stage is when the individual describes what is wrong with them or explains what is happening to them. The curative stage is the resolution stage where the professional attempts to find a solution to the problem. The medical model does not take into consideration any external forces such as family or social networks when dealing with the individual whereas the social model is based on these external influences on the individual. The medical model is defined by a set medical framework and this then defines how the individual will be viewed, this differs from social work as the interventions are always client led."

Tags:depression, obsessions, thought, patterns, behaviour

Abstract
This paper on Freud introduces you to the father of psychoanalysis and his work. This paper explores Freud's background and the times he lived in. It also discusses the development of psychoanalysis and then looks at the ideas surrounding Freud's work on the unconscious.

From the Paper
"A prolific and gifted writer, whose broad learning extended from neurophysiology and evolution to the literature of six languages, Sigmund Freud (1826-1939) was one of the most influential scientists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He was also one of the most controversial scientists of any time, so much so that both his critics and admirers have occasionally succumbed to the temptation to deny that he was a scientist at all."

Tags:freud, psychoanalysis, psychology

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Piaget was renowned for his work within the field of cognitive development, particularly child development. The writer points out that he dedicated most of his time looking into how children's minds develop throughout their childhood. The writer discusses that Piaget's theory is based upon four stages, which he argued the child will go through in a systematic orderly way. The writer maintains that although there have been some psychologists who have criticised his work, it still provides some vital information and understanding into how children's minds develop. The writer concludes that overall, Piaget has provided today's society with a greater understanding within the field of child development.

From the Paper
"Once a child reaches the age of 7-11 years old, Piaget believed that they progress into the concrete operational stage. In this stage children are able to complete conservation tasks. As well as this, they are also less egotistical, and are able to look at more than there own point of view; this was demonstrated by correctly completing the mountain task. Piaget also looked at transitivity tasks. For example, looking at if A is bigger than B, and B is bigger than C, then A must be larger than C. He found that children in this stage were only able to complete this task successfully, if the objects were present.
"One part of Piaget's theory that he did not seem to consider, was the universal aspect. Not all of his theory can be applied to all countries and cultures."

Tags:awareness, self, senses, reflexes

Abstract
The paper discusses the biological and environmental transitions that can have a negative or positive effect on an adolescent. The paper considers the issues of an adolescent's physical appearance not being in accordance with his intellectual and behavioural adaptations, the self-consciousness of body image and the cognitive development in perception, attention and memory that can lead to a quest for identity development.

From the Paper
"Adolescence, marked by the onset of pubertal maturation and represented by a period during lifespan where a child becomes an adult, is characterised by many transitions which can either be biologically based (the body) or environmentally based (people, relationships, general society, etc.). Biological transitions include physical and mental transitions whereas environmental transitions consist of social transitions. These transitions enable a child to encounter new experiences and to adjust their thinking to them which allows the child to then become an adult. Therefore, both biological and environmental transitions have an effect on each other and can either have a negative or a positive effect on the adolescent."

Tags:intellect, behavior, self-esteem, identity, body-image

Abstract
This paper studies the critical period hypothesis which suggests that languages cannot be learned after the age of twelve. However, an evaluation of evidence from many different sources suggests that this is not accurate. It examines sources such as: Studies of second language learning methods, wild children studies and the theories of Noam Chomsky and Stephen Krashen. Factors which make it easier for children to learn language, such as parentheses, are also discussed.

From the Paper
"The "critical period" hypothesis cites a commonly observable phenomenon, the fact that children find language learning much easier than adults, and learn language remarkably quickly, to claim that language learning is more difficult, or impossible after puberty. The concept of "critical periods" was initially introduced in the study of animal behavior, where it was noticed that certain behavioral responses only emerged when stimulus was given within a particular time frame. This concept has been applied to many species, including humans, with regard to the development of specific emotional responses such as stress. In 1967 Lenneberg proposed that this concept also applied to human linguistic development, seeing language as a response, and exposure to language as the stimulus. There are two versions of this hypothesis: the "strong" version, which claims that no language acquisition is possible after puberty, and the "weak" version, which maintains that language learning will be much more difficult. A distinction is often made between "language acquisition", the way in which children unconsciously learn their native tongue, and "language learning" which implies formal instruction, and Lenneberg maintains this distinction himself."

Tags:chomsky, immersion, krashen, language, learning, linguistics, pinker, second, teaching