Abstract
This paper explains the premise of Eric Schlosser's book, "Fast Food Nation", which argues that the fast food industry is representative of American culture and that this culture is exported abroad, often to the detriment of the target nations. The paper looks at Schlosser's discussion of the myriad problems in the fast food industry and the ways in which this industry has altered American society and may alter society around the world.

From the Paper
"The icon that represents fast food culture for most people is McDonald's, though the fast food culture developed long before the creation of that restaurant chain and includes many other practitioners. Schlosser considers the impact of such fast-food chains but also considers the primacy of the hamburger in the American diet and some of the dangers it poses. The spread of McDonald's around the world has been decried by many as exporting some of the worst of American culture."

Tags:meat, beef, french, fries, additives, processing, social, order, institutions, slaughterhouses, profit

Abstract
This paper looks at the many potential and proven benefits resulting from the usage of genetically modified organisms such as longer lasting and better tasting fruits and vegetables, crops that require less use of pesticides, and improved nutrient content in certain foods. The author also examines specific problems with using such organisms.

From the Paper
"The scientific and social communities are currently engaged in a heated debate about the benefits versus the risks of Genetically Modified foods. The benefits are predicted to aid the agriculture community and humans while the risks are expected to also affect the ecosystem and humans negatively. Two specific examples of GM's soybeans and corn---are currently in the forefront in this controversial and unresolved issue."

Tags:agriculture, consequences, corn, ecosystem, farming, genetic, gmo, soybeans

From the Paper
"Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem in the United States. Not only does excess weight lead to medical and psychosocial disorders in children, there is a strong link between childhood obesity and adult obesity. Exacerbating the problem are trends in eating patterns favoring more and more convenience foods, of which fast foods are the most harmful. Fast foods are high in fat, sodium, and sugar while low in essential nutrients. The consumption of fast foods has had a direct impact on the increase in childhood obesity among American youth.
Obesity in children is defined by how much the child exceeds the recommended weight for his or her age, sex, and height. Generally, a child is mildly to somewhat overweight if he or she is up to 20 percent above this recommended weight."

Tags:NUTRITION, ADOLESCENT

Abstract
This paper looks at the article by Eric Schlosser, "Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal", which asserts that fast food is a major contributor to the obesity problem in America. Other articles on the subject are then examined, which have concluded that there are other factors just as significant, if not more so, that have contributed to America's obesity problem. The paper argues that there are a great many factors that need to be considered when studying the problem of obesity in America.

From the Paper
"Everyone seems to agree that the "fattening" of America carries a tremendous cost, both to individuals and society. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that more than half of all Americans are either overweight or clinically obese and that the medical costs associated with obesity approach $117 billion dollars annually. Yet, there's no general consensus on whose fault the problem is or what to do about it. Theories on causes of obesity range from damning condemnations of the fast food industry, overworked Americans who have no other choice but to eat on the run, genetic factors that we can't control, lack of exercise, psychological issues such as depression and low self-esteem, and poor consumer choices regarding their food intake, just to name a few candidates. While it seems to be fashionable lately to latch onto a single scapegoat, the truth is more likely to be that some or all of these factors, depending on the individual, come together to form the perfect storm that leads to severely overweight Americans."

Tags:obese, advertising, mcdonald, hamburgers, french, fries, fat, overeat, soda, health, overweight

From the Paper
"Breast cancer is an unforgivable disease. It attacks a highly visible and sensitive organ, an organ that is closely associated with femininity and nurturing. When this disease strikes a breast, the risk is very great that it will strike again, either in the same breast, or at other sites such as bones or lungs. Once the disease has recurred, the only available treatments are drugs and radiation. An estimated 207,000 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer this year (Lohr 42). By the year 2005, it is expected that there will be 1.5 million new cases of breast cancer in America, and the National Cancer Institute now estimates that 1 out of 8 women will develop breast cancer over her lifetime (Casten 68)."

Tags:disease, genetics, mammogram, medical, research

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that multiple sclerosis is a major cause of disabiity in young adults. In particular, the writer discusses in detail the use of various types of qualitative and quantitative methods in the research studies involving exercise training to rehabilitate multiple sclerosis affected subjects. The writer points out that exercise is chosen over other treatment methods to help the patients recover to a better quality of life because of the less expensive interventions and simplicity of practice and of the proven ability of the exercises to reduce the aggressiveness of the impairments that follow neurological damage. The writer looks at various advantages, disadvantages and practical application in recent research studies.

From the Paper
"Randomized-control trials are of immense use recently to study the effects of physical therapy in lives of MS patients. The possibility of incorporating the interventions and data collection methods to clinical and rehabilitation settings has added more value to the methodology. A number of research studies have been carried out from 1980s till current time using randomized trials to understand the usefulness of exercise-training in improving fitness and quality of life in the MS disabled individuals. The main advantage of any quantitative research model is the facility to measure the significance of the outcomes in terms of P-values. White et al., conducted one of the first detailed randomized control trials to study the effects of progressive resistance exercises to improve the functional mobility in MS patients which produced a significant results."

Tags:physical, therapy, mobility, intervention

Abstract
This papers investigates the pros and cons of the various methods used to measure wealth and poverty, such as GDP and others. Each of the four measures investigated has fans and skeptics regarding levels of accuracy. This paper includes tables illustrating how a country's wealth ranking can be altered when different measures are used.

From the Paper
"It has never been easy to assess the extent of poverty in one part of the world when compared to another. Poverty can mean different things to different people. It is also important to remember that poverty is part of the wider issue of development. We should therefore have at the outset a core perspective or working definition on both poverty and development. Without such a perspective we could not measure poverty. To test the different measures of poverty, the following UN definition will suffice: "The income level below which a minimum nutritionally adequate diet plus essential non-food requirements are not affordable" (UNDP Development Report 1991:95). In other words, people are poor if they cannot afford day to day living. The UN also has the following definition of development: "Development is the process of enlarging the range of peoples choices increasing their opportunities for education, health care, income and employment, and covering the full range of human choices from a sound physical environment to economic and political freedoms" (UNDP Dev. Rep. 1992). Traditionally, there have been two main measures of poverty; Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP). There are now, however, more measures, the two principles ones are; the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Human Poverty Index (HPI). All four, together with other indicators, will be evaluated and concluded upon here."

Tags:gdp, gnp, hdi, indicators, undp, wealth, poverty, wealth, un, income, hdi, hpi, development

Abstract
This essay examines the issues of eating in Victorian society through Charlotte Bronte's novel, "Jane Eyre. She uses food as an example of the extent to which Victorian society maintained control over the individual. Other areas explored are in the essay include societal rules, class, morality, sexuality, power and control.

From the Paper
"Women did, in fact, have a source of power over men; but the nature of Victorian society ensured that this power remained hidden. Sex, and in particular, female sexuality, were concepts considered too scandalous and immoral to be recognized. Bront therefore employs imagery of eating and starvation to explore the relationship between Jane and Rochester. Jane asserts that "to taste but the crumbs he scattered was to feast genially" (p.243); she is satisfied with just a little romantic attention. Rochester, however, is desperate to possess: "we must become one flesh without delay, Jane" (p.440). The sexual power Jane holds over Rochester can be illustrated when she refuses his company at dinner: they will not eat together until they are married and she "can't help it" (p.268). In this case, the intimacy of eating together replicates the intimacy of sex, and Jane is holding back."

Tags:bronte, charlotte, eating, eyre, food, jane, society, victorian, sex, female, power, women, trust, rules, beliefs, attitudes, victorian

Abstract
This essay offers a nuanced historical account and explanation of why the Jewish dietary rule came to insist on the prohibition of the consumption of certain animals, while others were tolerated, with particular reference to the time when the rule came to be fleshed out. More specifically, the paper looks into the case of pigs or pork as an animal whose inclusion in the list of those unclean might strike as particularly odd to the modern reader. Given the similarities they had with oxen, sheep and goats as domesticated and herbivorous livestock, swine, it seems fair to say, had little reason to be excluded. But this short piece argues that their labelling as unclean had as much to do with the peculiar circumstances in which Leviticus and Deuteronomy were written as with the consistency of the religious doctrine based on an adherence to the tenet of separate spheres which pigs and other animals fell foul of.

Outline;
Introduction
Reasons for the Exclusion of Pig: Hygiene and Habit
Criticism of Hygiene and Habit Interpretation
Contextualising Dietary Law: Babylonic Exile and Anti-desert Mentality
Distinctive Categories and Aberrations
Conclusions

From the Paper
"That pork was unhygienic does not stand up to much scrutiny either. Criticising the hygienic rationale, Jean Soler for example, correctly makes the obvious point that the nomadic Hebrew tribes, who lived at the time when these rules were drawn up, did not possess sufficient medical knowledge to be able to pronounce the pig unclean based on the infectious dangers it posed to man. Even though it would be tempting to suppose that the kind of hot and arid climate in which the ancient Israelites lived was particularly hazardous for the transmission of diseases, the lack of even physicians to prepare for this possibility at that time points to the extent to which medical reasons could not plausibly be carted out to account for why pigs were expressly forbidden."

Tags:pork, unclean, unhygienic, Leviticus

Abstract
This research proposal explores the disease of asthma, its symptoms, affected populations, and treatments, with particular focus on the usefulness and efficacy of nutritional supplements. The role of the FDA is touched upon, and the hypotheses and methodology for the proposed study are included. The paper concludes that possibly, if a study is undertaken with regards to nutritional supplements usage and the treatment of asthma in elderly and adult patients, effects can be noted and a base for further research can be developed.

Outline:
Background of the Problem
What is Nutrition?
How Does Nutrition Affect The Human Body?
Asthma and its Effects
Nutritional Supplements
Uses of Nutritional Supplements That a Physician Should Know About
Treatment of Asthma
Why Is Asthma Under Diagnosed And Under Treated In The Elderly?
Statement of Problem: Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Asthma
Hypotheses for the Study
Definition of Terms
Importance of the Study - Nutritional Supplements and Asthma
Why should we study the effect of Nutritional Supplements on Asthma?
Research Questions for the Study
Methods of Research - Methodology
Procedure to Collect Data and Treatment of Data
Methods-Sample Selection and Sample Size
Ethics and Review
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Asthma is categorized as disease that has taken a toll on children, adolescents and elderly alike. It has symptoms that are easy to detect, and for such, treatment is usually always required. However, one thing to note here is the fact that Asthma is generally incurable and that it can only be controlled through drugs and medication, with proper and early diagnosis of asthma in the patient. (Mark, 2006)
"It is one the most common diseases in the United States and all over the world, with about approximately 20 million people affected with asthma in the United States only. In this, quite a large number are children. (Mark, 2006)"

Tags:asthmatic, vitamin, mineral