Abstract
This paper first talks about Mozart's childhood and adolescent years as a composer and then talks about his compositions during his adult years. The paper discusses Mozart's influence, his technique, his style, and his genius. Several of Mozart's works are cited and described, and the qualities that make them masterpieces are explained.

From the Paper
"Born in Salzburg, Austria, on January 27, 1756, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was the son of Leopold Mozart, the second Kapellmeister at the court of the Archbishop. From his earliest childhood, Mozart revealed the most extraordinary musical powers and for a number of years, beginning when he was six years old, Mozart appeared throughout Europe, inspiring awe and adoration wherever he went. His first four violin sonatas were published in Paris when he was eight; his first symphonies were performed in London when he was nine; his first two comic operas were completed when he was twelve, and at the age of fourteen, Mozart wrote on commission his first opera seria, produced in Milan in 1770 during his first tour of Italy."

Tags:germany, music, operas, concertos, symphonies, magic, flute, larghetto, piano, violins

Abstract
In this paper the author looks at the characteristics of different time periods in music starting with Medieval music and cites examples in each category. The author then moves on to look at some prominent composers, including, (to name but a few), Purcell, Vivaldi, Shutz, Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, and shows how their works demonstrate the traits of the periods previously mentioned. The author concludes with a brief discussion of form and structure looking at various examples such as song form, themes and variations and sonatas.

From the paper:

"Franz Liszt
Liszt was a composer of the Romantic period and was among the first to arrange entire programs of solo piano music. He composed piano miniatures, solo piano music, transcription pieces, symphonic poems and symphonies. Some of his best known pieces include Mephisto Waltz, Totenanz,Leibestraum and the Hungarian Rhapsodies."

Tags:middle ages baroque renaissance medieval plain chant troubadour music polyphonic motet opera trio counterpoint classical cadences symphony minuet rondo sonata romanticism symphonic poem concerto wagner impressionism debussy twentieth century rigadoon, con

Abstract
This paper provides a review of the relevant literature to develop an accurate biographical sketch of Franz Schubert, the background of "6 Moment Musicaux Opus 94", and an analysis of its musicality. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.

From the Paper
"Franz Schubert was a prolific Romantic composer whose music continues to entertain many people today. While much is known about the composer is some respects, little or nothing is known about circumstances surrounding his composition of 6 Moment Musicaux Opus 94, except perhaps he had just bought a piano following his first and only public concert he performed and he needed the money. "

Tags:beethoven, classical, mass, romantic, symphony

Abstract
The paper asserts that the "Mass in B Minor" not only sums up Bach's own eclectic style, but also sums up the styles of previous periods as well. This paper first addresses some of the historical aspects surrounding the Mass. It then discusses controversial theories regarding Bach's purpose in writing such a work and finally acknowledges a small variety of those styles, i.e., stile antico, galant, that Bach assimilated into this monumental work.

From the Paper
"Throughout the Mass in B minor there are three clearly distinct styles of Baroque vocal writing that can be heard influencing this quite eclectic work. The first is the traditional stile antico or "church style," the somewhat plain and simple manner inherited from the Renaissance (prima practica). In this musical style the notation employs long note values, dissonance and melodic ornamentation are used cautiously, and the instruments are used primarily to double the choral parts. In contrast, the vibrant, sometimes harsh Baroque style displays an often lively rhythm, brilliant orchestration, expressive dissonance, and melodic lines that are highly ornamented. The third and final type is that of the arias and duets, derived predominately from the virtuosic solo writing of the opera and cantata."

Tags:baroque, latin, racoco, sanctus

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of the piano in history. Specifically, the paper discusses the three-hundred-year history of the piano. The piano is a fascinating instrument with a long history that includes many transformations. Today, the piano is still one of the most popular instruments for composers and musicians alike.

Contents
Introduction
The History of the Piano
The History and Construction of the Piano
Small Pianos in Europe and America, 1770-1795
Curators Who Keep Scores

From the Paper
"The piano is one of our most popular instruments, and it enjoys a long and varied history. The piano we know and play today is far different from the first pianos, which resembled organs with pipes, and even stringed instruments. As one author writes, "To some the piano is merely a piece of furniture, to others it is a musical instrument. But this amazing machine is much more than just a large, wooden object: it is an intricate mechanical device designed to produce a vast range of musical tones" (Crombie). It seems the very first keyboard instruments were types of organs found as far back as Egypt in the second century B.C. (Wier 1). Initially, the keys were plucked, as on a harp or a harpsichord, and later, the keys were struck with a hammer or mallet, such as today's dulcimer."

Tags:music, instrument, classical, bach, organ, pipe, wind

Abstract
This paper explores Stravinsky's long and monumental musical career, discusses the different styles of music that he adopted and developed along the way and explains how the brilliant composer reflected the cultural and historical environment of the times in his work. It also takes a brief look at Russian culture and folk music and assesses how it influenced Stravinsky's music.

From the Paper
"Recognized as one of the promising young musical talents, Stravinsky was now ready for greater things in life. Even before Petrushka (1911) Stravinsky wanted to write a symphonic pagan ritual initially titled Great Sacrifice. Diaghalev persuaded him to cast it in the form of a ballet that came to be called The Rite of Spring and was destined to herald the start of the modernist era in classical music. The first performance of The Rite at the Theatre des Champs Elysees, Paris on May 29, 1913 has become "the most notorious event in the musical history of the century." (Glass, 2000). As soon as the first notes of the unusual music sounded, uproar broke out in the audience. Stravinsky's daring and creative music was cheered, protested and argued over so loudly during the performance that the dancers were unable to hear the orchestra and fights broke out in the audience. (Ibid.) Modern music would never be the same again."

Tags:folk, music, russian, culture, ballet, neoclassical, psalm

Abstract
The paper discusses the practical and technological developments, the economic development, the transformation in the nature of individual composers and the development of public music halls and concert venues that all influenced the growing commercialisation of music. The paper highlights the beginning of music's role as a social and political tool on the mass stage.

From the Paper
"The history of music is a varied one. Moreover, it has undergone numerous radical transformations in the course of its long life. The assessment of this development requires the examination of a multitude of factors and issues. Above all, the progression of music through the ages has not occurred in isolation from other trends and developments. Music has impacted upon external forces in the same way as external influences and innovations have affected music. Thus, what at first may appear to be a singular study is actually not."

Tags:composers, printing, concert, halls, capitalism, Marx

Abstract
This paper discusses how Carole King is probably one of the most influential pop song writers of the late sixties and early seventies and how her second album "Tapestry" was and still is widely considered as her greatest collection of recordings. It looks at how, number one for 15 weeks in the charts, it is an astonishingly well written record in terms of the accuracy with which it fills its place in the pop genre and also the standard of production.

From the Paper
"The middle-8 section can effectively be split into two distinct parts. In the first half, a chordal piano solo takes the lead role, playing over a static C minor vamp, whilst the guitar plays slightly emphasized rhythm phrases which add interest whilst importantly not drowning out the piano. The second half of the middle-8 is harmonically the same as the first four bars of the chorus. The guitar exchanges some jazzy lead phrases with the piano in this section, and a more active bass line and ride cymbal rhythm combine to pick up the momentum again. The middle-8 breaks down into the second verse in much the same way as the first chorus progresses into the first verse, with each part simplified to create space in the mix for the softer vocal."

Tags:arrangement, arranging, music, pop, popular, song, songwriting

From the Paper
"Ludwig van Beethoven is a well known composer who lived during the transition from Classicism to Romanticism. He inherited from the Classical period certain musical styles which were well cultivated, but, because of outside circumstances and the force of his genius, he changed this heritage and became the source of much that was characteristic of the Romantic period. Beethoven's music tends to follow his life experience. His work is customarily divided into three periods, each reflecting distinctive levels in his artistic development.

Most of the music from Beethoven's first period is similar to the music of the mature Franz Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, which was identified by a preoccupation with ... "

Tags:MUSIC: CLASSICAL

Abstract
This paper examines how the evolution of popular music over the last century has undoubtedly been heavily influenced by the constant development in recording technologies. It looks at how the huge variety of options available to producers and engineers nowadays are almost boundless and how virtually any radical new idea conjured up in the studio can be implemented in one of several ways. It shows how the changing way in which music is produced can be analyzed by looking at several contrasting recordings, produced at suitable milestones in record production history.

From the Paper
"The audio quality of the record is somewhat poorer than more modern reel-to-reel tape recordings. This is primarily due to the non-existence of any noise reduction technology, but also because of the lack of attention paid to the rest of the signal chain, other than the microphones and the tape machine itself. The high proportion of background electrical noise and hiss was mostly created (and then further amplified at the output) in unbalanced, un-screened cabling runs, and poorly earthed equipment. More modern tape machines like those used at Electric Lady Studios by Stevie Wonder, would have been properly biased to balance unwanted distortion and noise, with high frequency fidelity."

Tags:song, sound, popular