Abstract
This paper compares the experiences of the author through a placement as a psychiatric nurse with the theory as laid out in literature. It provides a history of the development of the role of the nurse from the first half of the 1800's where nurses were seen as completing tasks that doctors either didn't have time for and where considered an "extension" of the doctor, rather than being in a profession of their own right. It also looks at present day views on the nursing role, behaviorist theory in terms of the nursing role as well as the therapeutic relationship with the patient.

From the Paper
"Moving to the 20th century and onwards, nurses are now seen as part of a multidisciplinary team, rather than a continuation of the doctor. According to Evers (1977), there may be patients who need more than one intervention from a variety of professionals. For example, a patient may need the doctor to diagnose, the nurse to care for the physical and mental health needs, a physiotherapist for physical intervention of the body, and an occupational therapist for various activity work. This would explain why, as part of training, these disciplines study together. It is to train as part of a multidisciplinary team, and work as part of this team according to the Oxford Brookes University Student Guide, DipHE Mental Health Nursing (2002)."

Tags:behaviourist, health, history, mental, nurse, nursing, psychiatric, relationship, role, theory, thereputic

Abstract
This paper uses the Roper-Logan-Tierney nursing model to discuss the care planning requirements of a patient admitted for respite care with chronic bilateral leg ulcers. It looks at how the assessment of a patient using the Roper, Logan and Tierney nursing model allows us to identify problems, which are not purely medical in nature and shows how in this particular case, care issues include pain, nausea, SOB, hygiene and UTI. It also discusses staff attitudes to pain and wellness.

From the Paper
"The next listed problem for the patient was nausea. This was a fairly constant sensation that had not led to vomiting. The patient seemed to think that it was not as acute at the time of admission as prior. However, it had led to a loss of appetite. It had been decided, with patient consultation, not to prescribe any antiemetic, unless the symptoms became more severe or recurrent. This made it important to monitor the situation in addition to the fact of loss of appetite can lead to a depressed state and further nausea. It has been shown that there has been a lack of attention to the nutritional status of older patients in NHS hospitals in England and Wales over recent years (Association of Community Health Councils for England and Wales, 1997)."

Tags:logan, model, pain, roper, tierney, ulcers

Abstract
In this paper, the author considers the role of a nurse from a perspective based on a six week student placement in nursing practice. This involved; two weeks with the primary care and community nurses (otherwise known as District Nurses); a week with a health visitor; two weeks of two units of mental health, one in a mental health rehabilitation unit and another in community mental health and a week in an acute elderly rehabilitation ward in a hospital.

Outline
As an Assessor of Care: Conducting Assessments
As an Advocate: Representing the Interests of the Client
As a Primary Carer: Providing Frontline Care
As a Manager of Care: Coordinating all the Care Required
As a Counsellor: Providing Talking and Listening Therapies
As an Educator: Promoting Health Through Educating Clients
As a Researcher: Providing Evidence Based Practice

From the Paper
"The role of the 21st century nurse in the United Kingdom is a highly varied, dynamic and multidimensional one. This is more important perhaps, due to the changes that have come about in the last two decades of the last century. There are demographic, epidemiological, political, economic and technological changes that have forcibly caused the NHS to undergo great organisational changes in the 1980s and 1990s. And now recently the government continues to outline further changes in the health care system which puts an emphasis on partnership and continuity of care between hospitals and the community. All this has seen nurses continuously readapt themselves in the role they play in the delivery of health care (Melia 2004)."

Tags:district, hospital, nhs

Abstract
This paper considers domestic violence as a public health issue by examining public health as a whole and the midwife's role therein. It looks at how research indicates that pregnancy is often an instigating factor for abuse. It contends that although government frameworks containing recommendations for practice in domestic abuse situations do exist, there is much scope for improvement in practice situations. It also discusses how such guidelines will hopefully prepare and support midwives to provide improved service provision leading to early detection of domestic violence, providing sufferers of abuse with the help and support they need and deserve, to enable safety and improved quality of life for themselves and their families.

From the Paper
"The role of the midwife in health promotion is longstanding as midwives have always played a part in promoting the health of the woman to ensure the health of the fetus (Chappie, 2000). The changing role for the midwife is to expand on these practices to further encompass long term health of the woman and her family, within their social context, in order to facilitate the health and wellbeing of future generations (Dunkley-Bent, 2004). Such aims can be achieved through advice on lifestyle choices, provided holistically, with the background of the woman and her family being taken into consideration (DoH, 2004)."

Tags:midwifery, nursing, fetus, abuse

Abstract
In order to deliver safe and effective practice a Registered Nurse is required to maintain his or her professional competence by ensuring knowledge and skills remain current. Furthermore there exists a need for the nurse to facilitate the effective development of the knowledge and skills base any student who they may be teaching. This paper attempts to demonstrate how a potential student (female) was identified and how her needs were explored and assessed. The paper also discusses how, after the students learning style was identified, a plan of action was drawn up and a lesson was given and evaluated.
The paper is dived into a number of related sections. These are the main paper (Teaching and Learning in Clinical Practice), a detailed lesson plan for performing, recording and interpreting a urinalysis (appendix a), a series of colored photographs showing different urinary samples (appendixes b - e), a learner assessment sheet (appendix f) and urinalysis tables (appendixes g and h).

From the Paper
"Contact with regularly attending potential learner's within my placement area was sporadic, but following eventual identification of a second year nursing student (with whom I would again come into contact within the clinical area), I made my first approach with the intention of creating a good first impression. A positive start to a first meeting may not actually be essential for the successful development of a potential teacher/learner relationship and indeed the idea that it is even "useful", rather than "essential", may contradict some authors views (Carr, 2005). Those views have suggested that the teacher/learner relationship should be one which is formal and impersonal. In a selfish attempt to make the forthcoming teaching session easier for me and to create a positive and lasting influence on my learner's impending experience, (which would hopefully improve future patient care), I aimed to develop a relationship which was relaxed from the outset and based on trust and support (Brookfield, 1986)."

Tags:knowledge, skills, learning, nursing, teaching, urinary, taxonomy, clinical, urinalysis, reagent, mid-stream, catheter, record, report, interpret

Abstract
This paper discusses the best treatment and management of venous leg ulcers in order to provide benefit in the form of optimal healing time to an increasing number of patients with this type of wound. The writer, after developing a focused question to critically review evidence derived from research regarding the management and treatment of venous leg ulcers, explores the cost implications associated with the reviewed treatments. The paper includes tables and graphs.

Outline:
Introduction
Focussed Question
Aim and Rationale
Search Strategy
Randomised Controlled Trials
Limitations of RCT
Strength of RCT
General Observation Of Published Material
Abstract
Literature Review
Methodology
Sample Groups
Results/Findings
Discussion, Limitation And Implications To Practice
Conclusion
References
Appendix 1
Sources of evidence for patient-centred, evidence-based practice.
Appendix 2
Hierarchy Of Evidence: Ranking Of Research Evidence Evaluating Health Care Interventions.
Appendix 3
The Randomised Controlled Trials Analysed To Determine; "Do Venous Leg Ulcers Heal Faster When Treated With Four Layer Bandages Or When Treated With Short Stretch Bandages?"
Study 1
Study 2
Study 3
Study 4
Study 5

From the Paper
"To acquire propositional knowledge an electronic search of specialist databases was made; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, National Electronic Library for Health and PubMed, this further extended to Blackwell Synergy, Swetswise and Science Direct. The search terms; wound healing, venous leg ulcer, compression therapy, short stretch, four layer, bandages and dressings were used and only quantitative evidence was collected as the studies required were on information regarding healing rates. To narrow the search further and to gain recent evidence the timeframe was limited to within the last ten years and limited to primary literature; a superior source of knowledge direct from the author which has not been misinterpreted before re-presentation in another publication (Cluett and Bluff 2006). Further to this a hand search was made in the library to acquire books and journal articles which supported or discredited opinions."

Tags:ulcers bandages patients, venous leg ulcers, treatment healing professional wound methodological clinical sample study recruitment pulmonary embolism rct research, national health service

Abstract
This paper begins with an articulation of origins and developments of transformational leadership theory and while supporting the assertion that charisma is an important component of transformational leadership behaviour argues that it is not in itself a defining feature. The cascading effect of transformational leadership is explored in relation to contemporary research both within the U.S. and U.K. and is utilised to articulate the relationship between transactional and transformational behaviours within health care settings which constitute an optimum change profile. The nature of vision and charisma within the health care setting are critically evaluated along with the relationship between transformational leadership and key outcomes such as felt autonomy, job satisfaction, low staff turnover, service quality and the achievement of organisational (cultural) change.

Outline
Abstract
Transformational Leadership
Explanation of Transformational Leadership Behaviours
A Full Range Model of Transformational Leadership
Criticisms of Transformational Leadership Theory
Charismatic Leadership
Personal Identification
Social Identification
Internalisation
Self-Efficacy
Facilitating Conditions
Criticisms of Charismatic Leadership Theory
Summary

From the Paper
"Bass (1985, 1998) provides a more expanded and refined theory of transformational leadership which develops the work of Burns (1978) and House (1977), by giving far more attention to the behaviour and needs of followers than had previously been given. Bass (1985, 1998) argued that the principles of transformational leadership could be equally applied to situations where the outcomes were not positive than those where the opposite was true and describing transactional and transformational leadership as a singe continuum rather than mutually independent continua. Bass (1985, 1998) identifies the main characteristics of transformational leadership as; charisma idealised influence, intellectual stimulation and consideration of the emotional needs of each follower, (Hunt, 1996)."

Tags:innovation, integration, autonomy

Abstract
This paper provides a case study of young African man who was brought into A&E by the ambulance crew. The main theory that underpins the whole assessment process is the Roper- Logan-Tierney Model by Roper et al (1996), popularly known as the Roper's model, which emphasises the interaction between biological, psychological and social factors as influences on human behaviour and therefore, on health.

Outline
Background and Context of the Patient
The Assessment Process
The History of the Presenting Problem
Nursing Management Priorities
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The history of the presenting problem was collected from the statements and the documentation of the paramedics as well as by directly asking the patient. In many cases the patient was asked to confirm the details. This was good as the patient was actively included in the process. The paramedic said that they had been called to the patient's address as the patient was a having a progressive headache and that it was so bad that he could not function in any way, let alone, drive to the A&E department."

Tags:holistic, model, roper, systems, theory, tierney

Abstract
Through the examination of a case study of a pregnant teenager, this paper discusses the legal and ethical dilemmas that may arise in the provision of maternity services. It explores the issue of consent and the midwife's sphere of practice.

From the Paper
Rule 6 of the Midwives rules and standards says ' A midwife: Should respect the woman's right to refuse any advice given' (NMC 2004, p17). Sue chose not to go ahead with having blood tests at the time of the booking appointment. She made this decision based on all theinformation the midwife gave her. This information was explained fully, in language that she could understand and was reinforced with the written leaflets we provided. These explained the proposed tests and the implications of not having these for both herself and the fetus. Her parents felt that she should have had all the screening offered at this time and that this was in both her best interests and those of the fetus. However she recognised that she had choice. She could choose to consent or to refuse and she exercised that choice. "

Tags:fetus, consent, services

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of Dorothy Johnson's behavioral system model. The writer explores the model itself and then uses case study examples to apply the theory to real life situations in a critical care nursing role. It presents the positive outcomes for nurses and family members, of using the model in critical care nursing.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Johnson's Life
The Model
Case Study
Conclusion

From the Paper
"One of the most well known nursing theorists in modern history was Dorothy Johnson. Johnson ideas about the field of nursing and how that field relates to the care of individual patients, including her well known Behavior Model theory (Fruschwirth, 2000). The theory encompasses many of the medical systems in the human body and how they relate to behaviors of individuals to provide a measurable blueprint as to how to apply those functions and behaviors to the everyday practice of nursing. To understand how the Behavioral System Model was conceived and developed and how it pertains to today's nursing profession it is important to have a basic understanding of nursing itself and the life of Johnson."

Tags:critical, care, nursing, burden