Abstract
This paper provides an overview of Eva "Evita" Peron's life. The author discusses how Eva spent her early years in abject poverty and as a misfit in Argentine society. The author also discusses how she, after a school play, decided to become an actress and trekked to Buenos Aires. While Eva struggled as an actress, her numerous lovers provided her with security and would eventually allow her to meet the Juan Peron, the up-and-coming military command who would eventually become president of Argentina. Eva eventually married Peron, and acting as First Lady, held a considerable amount of power, power which she used to benefit the poor and feminist concerns. While often compassionate, she despised (and was despised by) the upper classes and could be harsh toward dissidents. After her death by uterine cancer in 1952 at age 32, the country went into mourning.

Tags:biography, evita, peron

Abstract
This essay will argue, this role was not simply one of "hawk" or "dove". Rather, Robert Kennedy's position - as did the position of many in Washington in those days - moved depending upon what decision appeared to offer the most "room" to negotiate among a group of generally negative options. However, it was in his extra-constitutional role as an "extension" of the President's will that Robert Kennedy played a dominant role in the Cuban Missile Crisis in three respects. His "negotiations" with the Soviets - often unofficial and conducted outside the usual channels of diplomacy - ensured the maintenance of lines of communication between Moscow and Washington in this crucial time.

Abstract
The central thesis of Eduardo Galeano's 1971 work of poetic, economic nonfiction, "Open Veins of Latin America" is that the cash crops and natural resources of Latin America have provided the fundamental tools for the rich nations of North America and Europe to grow richer, at the expense of the poorest of the poor of Latin America. This paper examines the book and shows how Galeano speaks of the colonial powers as "the winners" and Latin America as "the loser" because of its subsequent political instability after colonial economic exploitation.

From the Paper
"At times, Galeano makes great philosophical leaps, and because his analysis is more poetic than statistical, one must as a reader essentially 'go on a ride' with him, and accept some of his sweeping assumptions about the world. However, the ride is ultimately an enriching one. The world cannot sustain itself, if we all remain focused on selfishly profiting our own nations, as was typical during the colonial era. It is no longer sustainable for a national community to focus on enriching itself with greedy policies, because we as a world have come to see that everyone is affected by such an attitude, from our air, water, soil, and the whole of our environments."

Tags:colonialism, oppression, exploitation, Rio, Grande, trade

Abstract
This paper analyzes the disappearance of the Mayan civilization while focusing on the various theories surrounding its eventual collapse. The writer of this brief yet concise paper details the history of the Mayan culture which emerged in 2000 BC. The Mayan civilization gave birth to numerous cultural progresses such as the establishment of a writing system, an organized political council as well as the introduction of organized religion. This paper examines the theories surrounding the dispersal of the Mayan civilization, when at around 800 AD it was purported to have suddenly collapsed. There have been numerous arguments based on archaeological and anthropological evidence that attempted to explain the collapse of this particular civilization. This paper focuses on several theories which may explain the disappearance of the Mayan people which include climatic changes as well as socio-cultural collapse through the population's expansion.

From the Paper
"The theory that argued that a climatic collapse led to the disappearance of the Mayan civilization was based from scientific findings that were caused by a severe drought. As reported by History Today, "[d]rilling samples from the Cariaco Basin off the Venezuelan Coast show there were intensely dry periods between AD 810 and AD 910..." From this finding, it was found that because there had been scarce supply of the people's basic needs, such as water and food supply, Mayan society disappeared, supposedly due to deaths caused by these series of drought. A more specific version of this theory was presented in Kerr's journal article on the scientific evidence pointing at climate changes as the catalyst towards the disappearance of the civilization."

Tags:anthropology, archeology, history, climate, socio-economic

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to discuss the situation leading to the downfall of Fulgencio Batista, the former dictator of Cuba. This paper will show that, while the United States played a role in exploiting the Cuban people, waste within the Cuban economic and social strata, causing the mistrust of the younger generation, also contributed to the causes of the revolution.


The Cuban revolution happened quite quickly. It occurred between January 1, 1959 and the end of 1960--Batista having fled the country on January 1, 1959. The revolution was comparatively bloodless: although a figure of 20,000 often appears for the number killed by Batista between 1956 and 1958--a figure he vigorously refutes.--the deaths on both sides in the civil war may have been as few as 2,000.. There are many experts who..."

Abstract
This paper shows the positive and negative effects of the Age of Discovery on the society of the time. The European population largely enjoyed the positive benefits - exposure to new cultures and open trade routes, new goods and advanced technology. The negative impacts were felt by the populations who were "discovered" for the first time by the Europeans.

From the Paper
"Not unlike the way the "race for the moon" became the driving force of American scientific exploration during the 1950's and 1960's, the race to control the trade routes to the far reaches of the globe and to expand its technological knowledge of navigation became the driving force of Spanish foreign and domestic policy during the period of world history from the 15th to the 17th centuries. This period is also commonly called "The Age of Discovery" by European historians. The economic impact of Spain's forays into the New World or worlds ultimately changed the face of European knowledge of the world and the economic structure of Europe. Both the residents of Spain and Europe as a whole, however, experienced both positive and negative effects of this exploration. However, the effects upon Europe were on the whole largely beneficial, because of the increased exposure to new goods and the expansion of technology and knowledge that came as a result of colonization and exploration. However, the impact upon the existing inhabitants of the New World was largely negative."

Tags:europe, spain, portugal, discovery, technology, inhabitants, colonization, exploration, islam, christianity

Abstract
The paper offers an assessment as to whether the countries of Latin America are less subject to external control today than they were twenty years ago. Latin America consists of the countries that traditionally formed part of two of the great continental European empires from the 16th century onwards. The paper shows through the use of historical examples that although the nature of control has altered, Latin America is still the subject of external influence and direction. As such, the actual position in 2008 is little different from that of 1988 or 1788. The paper states that Colonial and Cold War doctrines have been replaced by the almost invisible control posed by globalisation. The paper confirms that only when the region acts in a united manner that safeguards its natural and agricultural resources against outside encroachment will we be able to say that Latin America has freed itself from external control.

From the Paper
"From the early 1950s onwards this protection of interest centered on the perception of threat from Soviet communism, in particular the theoretical assumption that communism could spread from one country to another like the falling of dominos (Ambrose and Brinkley, 1997; p.76). This certainly accounts for President Kennedy's endorsement of the "Bay of Pigs" invasion attempt of Cuba in 1961 and President Johnson's overt support in 1964 for a right wing revolutionary coup in Brazil (Ibid, p.103-107). In the same fashion, the Soviet Union attempted to bolster and intervene on the side of left wing groups and movements."

Tags:cold, war, national, governments, globalisation

Abstract
This paper first examines joint operations before the Falklands War in conflicts such as the Second World War and the Korean War and then joint operations specifically during the Falklands conflict especially major problems at the command level. Arguing that the Falklands War was entirely different from what the forces had been trained and underscoring improvisation and logistical operations as being key to the overall success of the mission, the author contends that the conflict can be seen as both an Argentinean failing and a British victory. The paper concludes that the main reason for the success of the British intervention and that the legacy from the Falklands War is the joint operations of a small force that can be quickly mobilised

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Before the Falklands
Joint Context in the Falklands, Solutions to Problems
The Failings of the Joint Approach
British Success or Argentine Failure?
Lessons from the Falklands - the Changing Nature Of Modern Warfare
Conclusion

From the Paper
"With the decision from Thatcher to go to war in the Falklands there were significant questions raised as to how the operation would be carried out. With the exception of Nott, the majority of the defence advisors had suggested that military operations in the Falklands could be near suicidal, given the current state of the navy. However, well aware that the future of his service (the navy) depended on its ability to prove itself once again, Nott argued strongly that an intervention was possible were it coordinated effectively and were it daring enough to meet the undoubted challenges that such an operation would bring.
"If one examines the nature of the Falklands conflict then one can see the need for considerable operational coordination. When the force set off it had no place in which to land and was therefore immediately reliant on the Navy for its base. However, in order to supply this base there was also a need for strong air support, primarily provided by the Fleet Air Arm and therefore linked to the Navy, but this was also linked to the Royal Air Force, with several missions being flown direct from the UK, making use of relatively new air refueling technology."

Tags:coordination technology, logistical constraints, rivalries, geographic proximity

Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper examines the role of Simon Bolivar in the war of independence that South Americans waged against the Spanish in the 19th century.

Abstract
This paper examines how as early as 1958, the Milton Eisenhower report criticized U.S. behavior on Latin America and how Latinos accused the U.S. of denying them credits in the desired volume, of fixing prices to their detriment, of neglecting the necessity of social reform and of supporting the region's dictators. It looks at how under the pressure of the Cuban Revolution, John F. Kennedy launched an unprecedented development programme for Latin America which took into account Eisenhower's demands. It discusses the Alliance for Progress that Kennedy launched to help Latin America in the 1960s. It evaluate its failure by the 1970s and examines the reasons for that failure, with particular reference to Frei's Chile.

From the Paper
"Idealism and liberalism would soon be replaced by realism in the White House. The Kennedy administration's passion for the development of Latin America, strongly influenced by the realities of Fidel Castro in Cuba, was replaced, after JFK's assassination, by Lyndon Johnson and his Latin American Affairs chief, Thomas Mann. Both men saw Latin America from the position of Texan oil entrepreneurs, "Mexico and the rest". As LaFeber argues Mann was, "the perfect choice to dismantle the Alliance at the same time Johnson continued the old Kennedy rhetoric". If the Alliance contained fundamental flaws under Kennedy's idealists, then once the realism of Johnson and Mann, followed by the globalism of Nixon and Kissinger, came to power, the last chance for the Alliance to prove a success was extinguished."

Tags:chile, cuba, johnsonkissinger, latin, mexico, nixon