Abstract
This paper examines how the four texts, "A Dead Boche" by Robert Graves, "The Soldier" by Rupert Brook, and Vera Brittain's "Letters from a Lost Generation," are typical of World War I literature. It analyzes the three texts in terms of language form and structure and the way the writers use the genre of their choice to express their thoughts and feelings. The influence of the time of composition and the significance of the gender of the writer is also discussed.

From the Paper
"Graves employs various literary techniques in A Dead Boche to emphasize the brutal reality of the First World War. By addressing the poem to the reader in the first stanza, "To you" the reader becomes instantly involved with the poem and is forced to reconsider their attitude to war and to confront the real atrocities of a truly total war. By 1916 many soldiers were disillusioned by the war and particularly by the continuing demand for patriotic poetry which talked of "valor," "honor" and "sacrifice" and which in the style of the Victorian poets like Alfred Lord Tennyson, glorified death with chivalric language. Graves speaks directly to those who think of war with ideas of "blood and fame" and to those who, for a long time succeeded in ignoring the horrible reality of the war in their willful ignorance and hypocrisy."

Tags:brittain, brooke, graves, robert, vera, dead, boche

Abstract
The writer of this article points out that the anti-Semitic Nazi party, attempted to limit apparent Jewish dominance in German society and the economy through the implementation of specific polices. In this essay the writer tries to explain these policies and the reasons for their implementation, as well as the extent to which these policies were motivated by economic considerations. To achieve this aim the writer looks at the role of Hermann Goering in influencing Nazi Semitic policies and his development of the German economy from 1938 including the removal of Jewish business in an effort to create a 'Nazified' economy. The writer concludes that it can be said that anti-Semitic policies in the period 1933-39 were motivated more by the individual ideologies and subsequent political policies imposed by the founders of the Nazi party such as Adolf Hitler and Hermann Goering and the high ranking political figures within the party establishment than economic influences. This paper uses MLA style footnotes but does not include a works cited page.

From the Paper
"The removal of Jewish civil servants was personally ordered by Hitler in April 1933 and was accomplished relatively easily. Jewish persecution was increased in September 1933 with the passing of a Law banning Jews from Agriculture. However the impact of this law upon Jewish society within Germany was negligible because there were few Jews in the agricultural industry. Hitler's view was that Germany should be made by 'sweat and blood' pure and clean of Jewish influence. The events of 1933 and the increased anti-Semitic policies of the Nazi government were not motivated by economic issues despite some policies affecting economic areas. They were instead general policies with little impact, offered as token gestures by Hitler to satisfy not only his own beliefs, but also the demands of the right-wing fanatics within his own party who were calling for radical anti-Semitic action."

Tags:discrimination, Jews, German, socialists

Abstract
This paper analyzes the Treaty of Versailles, which was signed after the end of World War I and questions its nature in relation to the problems it caused 20th Century Europe. It looks at how the treaty, which the allies forced upon the Germans in 1919, has been one of the most controversial political acts of the twentieth century and how on almost every aspect can be seen as a failure, although it did provide Europe with twenty years of peace from 1919 to 1939. It examines such issues as reparations forced on the Germans who could not pay and the territorial changes that were made in Europe. It evaluates how the treaty was too harsh upon the Germans and how it caused resentment amongst them, which Hitler skilfully brought to the surface.

From the Paper
"The other key feature of Versailles was the reparations which the allies believed that the Germans had to pay. These ranged from the modest to the ridiculous. The French believed 200 million German Marks would be the minimum that the Germans would have to pay. Both Britain and France wanted reparations, by France desperately needed them, as the war had left the French economy in ruins. Therefore the French aims with Versailles was to hamstring the German economy in such a way that the Germans would have paid for France's war and left themselves bankrupt. To the French this was the ideal situation, as a bankrupt Germany would pose no threat to the safety of France. However the French could not see that by hamstringing the German economy, the whole of the European economy would be wrecked."

Tags:britain, dawes, europe, france, germany

Abstract
This paper examines why the British came to refer to the Second World War as the "People's War." It looks at how, for the very first time during a war, civilians were involved on a scale hitherto unknown. It shows how the relentless bombing of British cities by the Luftwaffe ensured that thousands of people experienced the devastating effects of war at firsthand, as entire families lost all their worldly goods, parents lost their children to German bombs and many children were orphaned. It illustrates how men and women from every generation, as well as children took an active role in helping the war effort in active roles such as volunteer services, the Home Guard and the special female sections of the services that were set up, such as the ATS (Auxiliary Territorial Service), the "WRENs" (Women's Royal Naval Service) and the "WAAF" (Women's Auxiliary Air force).

From the Paper
"Some actions towards the war effort were of course imposed on people by the government. Rationing is one example of this, as is the commissioning of pots and pans and iron railings to go towards the building of fighter planes. Also compulsory was the evacuation program of city children to quieter and more rural areas, deemed safer than the industrial areas of their homes. Families in the countryside suddenly found themselves invaded by a small army of dirty, rude, bed-wetting children, who were intensely homesick being away from home for the first time at such a young age, and entirely ignorant of country life. Many of them had never even seen grass before."

Tags:blitz, children, evacuees, rationing, women, wrens

Abstract
This paper examines Neville Chamberlains impact on the appeasement process rather than his political history. It focuses on his relationship with Hitler and looks at the claim that he was a gullible leader. It shows how his impact on foreign affairs was huge and almost immediate when he came to power and how he changed the whole dynamic of appeasement, from a slow and passive policy, to a very much active one. It also examines how Chamberlain was all too eager to foster good relations with Germany and her allies and how he was all to happy to take Hitler?s assurances that Germany also wanted peace, as long as somebody could regulate its terms.

From the Paper
"When Chamberlain came to power, he followed a series of Prime Ministers (notably McDonald and Baldwin), who had seen Britain as a true super power. This attitude had led to an isolationalist foreign policy, and a lack of new trade routes being formed. Chamberlain was a seasoned political campaigner, and could see Britain's position for what it was, tied to America, not active in trade with Europe and ill prepared for the conflict which many saw as inevitable in the near future. This was fuelled by a report from the chiefs of staff in January 1938 which observed that "Naval, Military and air forces in their present stage of development, are still far from sufficient to meet our defensive commitments, which now stretch from Western Europe, through the Mediterranean to the Far East". We cannot foresee the time when our defences will be strong enough to safeguard our territory, trade and vital interests against Germany, Italy and Japan simultaneously?."

Tags:germany, wwII, foreign, policy, europe, japan

Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of the post-war treaties in explaining the emergence of fascism as a political force in Italy during 1919 and 1920. The author explains that fascism in Italy during these years was not a powerful force in politics, but it had a growing appeal to nationalistic war veterans and the middle class who feared socialism.

From the Paper
"Fascism in Italy between 1919 and 1920 was not a powerful force in politics, but its growing appeal to nationalistic war veterans and middle class fears of socialism - especially in rural communities with stricter hierarchies, hence the faster rise in agrarian fascism - made it significant in the boom of the squadristi (violent squads who attacked socialist targets, such as peasant league offices) at the return of soldiers in 1920. In national politics, however, it had yet to begin unification of its forces (especially the local Ras) with an official party, which Mussolini only founded in 1922, attempting to use the squadristi for his own ends. The actual grievances of fascists, however, lay in the problems that had been poorly dealt with by previous Liberal Governments, such as the post-war treaties, the economy and political reform, as well as the ineffectiveness (and perceived danger) of socialist opposition."

Tags:ideological, nationalists, inflation

Abstract
This paper discusses the Great War brought on and the new weapons and instruments of destruction that prevailed. It also states the reasons why there were so many stalemates on the battlefield which led to a war of attrition and mass casualties. It also looks at the targeting of a whole nation's means and resources towards fighting a total war. This paper concludes that the war was so destructive because of the advancement in industry and weaponry, such as artillery, machine guns and chemical warfare.

From the Paper
"In this paper I plan to put forward the following points to show how the Great War was so destructive. I will look at the new weapons and instruments of destruction that prevailed during the war. The reasons why there were so many stalemates? on the battlefield, which led to a war of attrition and mass casualties. I will also look at the targeting of a whole nations means and resources towards fighting a total war."

Tags:World, War, I, Great, nations, destruction, 1915, weapons, casualties

Abstract
This paper examines the part the Balkans had to play in the outbreak of World War I. It argues that whilst Russia, Serbia and Austria all viewed hostilities as local to the area, Germany deliberately exploited the situation to create European war.

From the Paper
"The racial struggle cannot be avoided " perhaps it will not take place now, but it will probably take place in one or two years." Kaiser Wilhelm II, 10 December, 1912 That the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand provided the spark for World War One there can be little doubt. However, Kaiser Wilhelm II, and many of his generals, cabinet and advisors, had been looking for an excuse to instigate European war, and more specifically the Schlieffen Plan, before Russia's military power grew to rival that of Germany's."

Tags:archduke, austria, europe, germany, russia, schlieffen, serbia, war, wilhelm, wwi, world, war, i

Abstract
This paper examines how, from the beginning of the Nazi regime, Hitler set particular store in winning over the youth and how it cannot be denied that the surface impact he achieved was phenomenal. It looks at how Hitler always believed that the youth were enthusiastic, malleable and ready to be totally infused into the Nazi culture and ideals. It also discusses how despite the seeming popularity of the Nazis to the youth, whether it is true to say that Hitler penetrated the minds and souls of them and achieved the full indoctrination that he so craved, or whether the policy towards youth nothing more than a superficial show of strength for the Nazis.

From the Paper
"Indeed, the idea that the Nazis successfully mobilized the German youth totally, must be at least partly refuted when a wider picture of the Third Reich is examined. The more the Hitler Youth assumed state powers and the more completely young folk were roped into the organization, especially when the Hitler Youth became compulsory in 1936, the more clear and obvious became an emerging tide of resistance and nonconformity. One obvious sign of this was the steadily rising number of youth delinquency cases that came up before the German courts throughout the Third Reich."

Tags:edleweis, jugund, reich, socialist, swastika, third, volksgemeinschaft

Abstract
The policy of appeasement, which both Britain and France took toward Nazi Germany and it?s expansionist aims during the late 1930s, is one of the most controversial and criticised foreign policies in history. The paper shows that appeasement policy has been given short shrift by historians and the public alike since the 1930s, with the general consensus being that if Britain and France would have taken a harder line against the Nazi?s then Hitler?s aggressive policy could have been checked. However, the view of appeasement has not been totally one sided. Many revisionist historians have arrived at the view that appeasement was necessary for both Britain and France as a way of buying time for rearmament so that they would militarily be able to oppose Nazi Germany. This essay looks closely at this viewpoint to correctly assess whether that was one of the chief aims of appeasement.

From the Paper
"Similarly the reoccupation of the Rhineland by Germany military forces in March of 1936 can be seen as the beginning of French appeasement towards the Nazis. When the Germans entered the demilitarised zone on the 7 March there was no response from the French military, even though they would have been quite within their right, under the terms of the Versailles Treaty to enter Germany and expel the troops back to the position stated in the Versailles Treaty. The French did not act because they were militarily too weak, indeed at this time they had a larger standing army than Germany, the main reasons were due to public opinion and incorrect information on the invading force. The incoming Germans numbered approximately 60,000, yet the Army General Staff reported to the French government that in addition to that figure there were further 235,000 paramilitaries."

Tags:Anglo-German, Naval, Pact, Hitler, Rhineland, Versailles, Treaty