Abstract
This paper examines how the play "Twelfth Night" by William Shakespeare, is concerned essentially with deception on various levels. It looks at how although deception is often a comic device, in this play it is often a means of deepening the ideas, allowing the audience to explore gender and sexuality, mainly through Orsino and the Viola/Cesario plot.

From the Paper
"With the part of Viola, Shakespeare immediately presents the idea of gender confusion and interchangeability between the sexes. When the play was first performed, the cast would have been entirely male, so by the end of the first scene, the audience is aware that we have a boy playing a girl who is playing a boy on the stage. These levels of ambiguity suggest that gender roles will be important. Shakespeare then continues to explore this throughout the play, through the character of Cesario (Viola in disguise) and his relationships with other major characters such as Orsino and Olivia. Orsino sends Cesario to seduce Olivia on his behalf, and, unfortunately for the duke, Olivia falls in love with Cesario. The reasons for this are dramatised at the end of act one, scene five. Olivia asks Cesario to explain what he himself would do if in Orsino's position of lust towards her, so effectively asking his opinion of Orsino's technique and encouraging him to imagine that he loved her himself."

Tags:cesario, viola, orsino

Abstract
This paper looks at the history of sport, the ancient olympics and the roles of women in sport, both in organisation and participation. Gender logic is discussed at length and subsequently the subject moves onto the military and partnership models of sports organisations.

From the Paper
"As is common knowledge the Olympic Games motto is 'Citius, Altius, Fortius', which translated into English becomes 'Faster, Higher, Stronger'. The idea behind this is that athletes will surpass the boundaries of performance whilst striving to become Olympic champion. This motto did not actually come about until Baron Pierre De Coubertin borrowed the phrase to attach to his revival of the Olympic Games in the 1890's, but the Ancient Greeks certainly participated in this way also. Serious doubts lingered over whether or not women could hold to this ideal, indeed it was thought that women were simply incapable of going fast, climbing high or being strong, never mind surpassing themselves in these areas."

Tags:coakley, development, feminism, hera, herean, logic, olympics

Abstract
This essay deals with the philosophical themes underlying two of the most influential French plays of the twentieth century, placing them in the context of the latently similar thinking of their authors. From a close reading of a very small sample of their theatrical output, with sustained reference to existentialist, Marxist, and psychoanalytical (that of Irigaray and Levi-Strauss in particular) philosophies, it makes a detailed interpretation of the engagement with bourgeois, patriarchal values the two authors share.

From the Paper
"This essay will make a comparative analysis of the treatment of the role of the father in Jean-Paul Sartre's Les Sequestr's d'Altona (1959) and Hlne Cixous's Portrait de Dora (1976). At first sight this may seem to be an unusual choice of texts one might be justified in wondering where any common ground can lie between the two plays. It is true that Sartre and Cixous seem to have little in common, aside from both being prolific writers who use the largest possible variety of media to communicate the philosophies they hold as being important truths. In terms of their periods of activity, their aims in writing theater, and most importantly their treatment of the feminine in their work, they are indeed very different. Most importantly as regards the feminine, for as Cranston remarks, He [Sartre] is revolted by women. There is something sickening about all the female characters in Sartre's plays and stories.1 Although Dora is a difficult character, even impenetrable, it could not be said that she is repulsive, as Freud's determination to solve her apparent neurosis shows. Even given the context of their production, though, this essay will seek to show similarities in theme and objective in the two plays. There are, in effect, latent points in common between Cixous's 'theatre of the body' and Sartre's existentialist writing, and this has an important bearing as to the role of the father as being first and foremost the role of a male human being, with sexual desires and sexual desirability. This in turn has important consequences on the notions of subjectivity and the "look" or "gaze" of the "other" - in other words how characters identify themselves through the other characters on stage. This essay will explore these concepts, which are the essence of characterization in the two plays, examining the consequences of the father's influence in the child's self identification, and the negative outcome that this has. If the role of the father is thus seen in a negative light, then this is not without social and political consequences, and an exploration of the engagement of the two plays in interpreting the social role of the father will form the final part of this essay."

Tags:bourgeois, ethics, existentialism, feminist, freud, irigaray, lesbianism, marxism, patriarchal, psychoanalysis, strauss, theatre, unconsciousness, woman

Abstract
This paper examines the reasons why marriage is a relevant issue for homosexuals and whether it is a necessary and important legal concept. It looks at the arguments put against such a proposal drawing from religious views, particularly stemming from the Judeo-Christian tradition and also by examining views put forward by legal theorists such as John Finnis and looking at the Hart/Devlin debate. Through the use of case law, legal theories such as utilitarianism and sex discrimination and also by considering the jurisprudential views of Dworkin, Raz and Nordahl, it carefully deconstructs the arguments put against the legalization of such an institution to deliver a well-reasoned and thought-provoking case in favor of same sex marriage.

From the Paper
"According to Pope John Paul II, homosexual unions cannot be marriages "above all because the objective impossibility of being fruitful in the transmission of life, according to the plan inscribed by God in the very structure of the human being." Natural lawyers such as John Finnis are also keen to relate the argument that procreation is a condition for such an institution. However, in terms of same sex marriages what is perhaps rendered problematic in accepting Finnis' arguments are that they stem from the view that homosexuality and all homosexual acts are unnatural and immoral."

Tags:discrimination, jurisprudence, morality, religion, utilitarianism, homosexuality

Abstract
This paper assesses the hypothesis that gender difference contributes to attitudes towards learning. It looks at how learning styles inevitably play a vital part in this study as men and women tend to learn more effectively through various types of learning. It proposes a non-experimental study with a mixed opportunity sample of 30 male and female students, who were asked to complete a questionnaire. It concludes that females have a more positive attitude in reference to learning.

Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Hypothesis
Method
Results
Discussion and Conclusion

From the Paper
"There are many theories upon the concept of learning, in terms of how and why a person learns. Learning is individual to a person, and the best style for that person is developed throughout years. Some have the natural ability to be able learn, take in and store information for a future purpose, and naturally learning will be of a more positive experience. Those, however, who lack this natural ability or the ability to want to learn may find the learning process tedious and thus research suggests that a persons learning style and ability is variable upon many factors. The concept of learning styles is rooted in the classification of psychological types."

Tags:students, ability

Abstract
This paper begins with an overview of the problems facing feminist theorists regarding terminology, such as the persistent risk of 'essentializing' woman's culturally specific situation into an immutable truth. It then discusses Kristeva's conception of the culturally and temporally specific woman in "Le Temps Des Femmes" (Women's Time) and compares it with Cixous' work in 'La Jeune Mee' (The Newly Born Woman) in terms of the theorists' similar approaches to the constructed, 'symbolic' woman. It then looks briefy at Simone Beauvoir's early work, "Le Deuxieme Sexe" (The Second Sex), adding her conception of ontology as a perpetual state of becoming and political analysis of woman's situation to the constructivist debate. Finally, it examines Irigaray's more post-structuralist work (including "Speculum" and "Ce Sexe Qui N'en Est Pas Un") in order to discuss the further complication of housing the material aspect of woman within langage.

From the Paper
"Kristeva's thought on feminism provides a useful point of departure for a discussion of how a useful feminist understanding of the term woman, especially if taken from an "essentialist" point of view, is far from simple. In her 1982 essay Le temps des femmes , Kristeva postulates that the concept of "woman" desiring men and desired by them is created in the symbolic by the concept of desire founded on a lack with the penis as its major referent. She believes that the "meaning" of the woman object, the female body only exists in the symbolic and that any attempt to deny, or re-traverse the separation between this symbolic nature and something contained within the physical nature of "woman" merely magnifies this separation and perpetuates the myth which allows oppression to occur."

Tags:beauvoir, cixous, feminism, gender, irigaray, kristeva

Abstract
This paper examines how issues raised by cross-dressing and transgender identities in film are largely dependent on the way in which they are treated. It looks at how the mainstream cross-dressing comedy finds reasons to dismiss the potential danger of cross-dressing, while independent and foreign films such as "Ma Vie en Rose" and "All About My Mother" tend to offer a representation which is crude and possibly more accurate.

From the Paper
"Tootsie also highlights the way in which women are treated in the workplace, as he learns submission as an actress who has to obey. He used to be hard to work with as an actor but as Dorothy Michaels, he has the door shut to his face by the director and is also refused a drink when the director just says 'no, no, she's fine'. Moreover, he says that he would hit the director if he wasn't dressed as a woman, which points out to the social boundaries and expectations of what a woman should do and should not do, mainly that women do not hit and men should not hit women."

Tags:crossdressing, en, feminism, ma, queer, rose, transsexual, theory, tolerance, transvestite

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in 'Howards End', the sense of gender boundaries is so vividly written that one can not only gain an in depth understanding of this novel but also of the age. The writer discusses that the reader is introduced to an unfair society within England that holds so many flaws, yet the feminist political movement is identifiable throughout. The novel itself seems to be building up to some type of significant revolution or cultural change. It does this through the excellent creation of characters like Helen, Margaret and Mr Wilcox who represent figures within the social system. The writer notes that one can see the turbulent lives of these people gradually evolve through the three main families in this novel and not only by gender boundaries but also social class. The writer concludes that the events seem to signify a divided nation that shows a clash of interests, gender and class but ultimately something has to change.

From the Paper
"A perfect example is when Helen visits the Wilcox's and brings into the family discussion the idea of equality. Her description and opinion of Mr Wilcox's response shows just how much she fits back into the mould of the 'perfect woman', maybe without even knowing it. The simple fact that she feels ashamed of voicing a perfectly reasonable idea is brilliant in showing just how controlled women of that time were. What is even more significant is that fact that Mr Wilcox is the one doing the controlling. The final parts of the novel are in a way very different to the beginning, as the women are presented as much more libertaed especially Helen. The novel may well be representing the progression of female equality which was taking place during that period. Helen is a romantic and spontaneous but these are arguably qualities that a woman were condemned to have. Margaret has broken through by using the gift of peacemaker that she so carefully uses to make other characters closer. Despite the original feelings of many of the Wilcox family such as Charles and Dolly, it is Margaret who has succeeded in getting Howard's End along with the respect of her husband. At the very end of the novel she appears to mirror the first Mrs Wilcox through her gained experience, giving the appearance of wisdom yet has developed a larger sense of self worth and independence."

Tags:Wilcox, characters, male, sexism

Abstract
The paper discusses the reasons put forth to explain why boys underachieve in school. The paper specifically looks at the following explanations: the feminising of the curriculum, the low expectations boys have of themselves, the crisis of masculinity, and the Marxist theory, which sees the education system as repressing working class children. The paper concludes with the opinion that it not gender that is the main factor for boys' underachievement, but class. An annotated bibliography is included with the paper.

From the Paper
"In the academic year 2004/05, 62 per cent of girls achieved five or more GCSE grades A* to C, compared to only 52 per cent of boys. Many people would suggest that this sort of data represents the crisis that is 'male underachievement'. Male underachievement is the failure of boys to do as well in the education system as their female counterparts. And yet the 'crisis' only a few decades ago was that of female underachievement. So what has happened to account for this shift in achievement?"

Tags:gender, class, masculinity, rebels

Abstract
The author of the paper argues that the twentieth century has seen significant improvements for women in Britain. The issues and events mentioned in support of this are the Suffragette Movement, the two world wars, the decline of industry and the freedom given to women in all spheres of society.

From the Paper
"By the end of the twentieth century women can now go into virtually any job they want, they can serve in frontline armed forces, become doctors, scientists, editors, managers and politicians. In the year 2000, 1 in 5 women earn more than their working partner and on average women earn 75% of a male workers hourly wage. In some professions women still say there is a "glass ceiling" but in time, through the continuing change of peoples attitudes there will be an equal playing field. All this has been made possible because women now have choice, events and people throughout the century have made this possible, from Emmeline Pankhurst's militant tactics to mass employment for women during two world wars." .

Tags:Emmeline, Pankhurst, Social, Political, Union, 1913, Cat, Mouse, Act, World, War, I, Representation, People, World, War, II, feminism