Policies of 'Infitah' in 1970's Iraq and Egpyt.

Paper Summary:

This essay analyzes the policies of infitah in the 1970's, as related to Egypt and Iraq. The paper attempts to understand if these policies substantially modified the economic and political realities of the states where the policies were adopted? The paper includes an analysis of the long and short-term effects of economic liberalization of 'infitah' in Egypt and Iraq in the 1970's, drawing particularly on studies by Ayubi, Kienle and Perthes.

From the Paper:

"The economic policies of a number of Middle Eastern states during the 1970's were characterized, at least nominally, by the concept of infitah. Broadly, infitah suggests a response by the government to the economic difficulties the state is facing by "opening up" the economy to more foreign investment, nurturing private enterprise and extending the patrimonial state in order to be better placed to afford some degree of social welfare reform. The phenomenon can be seen in varying degrees in many countries across the Middle East during the 1970's and 1980's as nations struggled to come to terms with the increasing importance of global markets and recognized the failure of policies that relied on the substitution of industrialization by imports."

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