Abstract
This paper discusses how Dr. Victor Frankenstein's creation, thought to be impossible by many, may not be so far fetched in the real world. The author makes comparisons between the monster's creation and modern medical techniques, such as transplantation and cloning.

From the Paper
"Mary Shelley's Frankenstein portrays an epic description of immortality. In this movie, many questions are raised dealing with the possibility of raising the dead and living forever. Is this scientifically possible? Is this morally right? Would we be able to handle having this knowledge and only using it when it became appropriate, and in what cases would it ever be appropriate? The answers to these questions are unknown at this moment in time but soon may be unveiled by the flourishing knowledge of science."

Tags:genetics, monster, paranormal, philosophy, transplant

Abstract
This paper provides a look at human cloning, and examines the discrimination dimension of the cloning process. The author discusses the pros and cons of cloning, religious opposition, and societal worries. The paper also discusses the problem of overpopulation, financial costs of cloning, and potential discrimination of clones from humans.

From the Paper
"Genetics is of increasing importance in the world of the 21st century. New developments in this field are finding more and more applications in every day life. Concerns about this science, due to its inherent conflicts with religious doctrine and traditional norms and unfamiliarity to the public have been frequently presented in the media. Recently, the public perception of genetics has appeared around such as human cloning. While many aspects of this subject are poorly understood, it isn't in doubt that there raise many questions of great complexity."

Tags:clone, concept, dimension, technique, dolly, genetics, science

Abstract
This essay looks at how Mary Shelley's " Frankenstein" is a story that is the possible precursor of a modern cloning experiment gone bad. The author discusses the ethical problems related to human cloning, and how the monster created by Dr. Frankenstein serves as a warning against mankind's efforts to interfere with nature.

From the Paper
"The story of Dr. Frankenstein and his unfortunate monster illustrates how much havoc could be wreaked on society by anyone person who attempts to "play God". In the nineteenth century, there was a far greater belief that the creation of life was the province of God alone. Now technologically advanced science is a multi-billion dollar industry and the progress of genetics in the last decade is far outpacing the legislation that society has to monitor its application. Even in 1818, Mary Shelley raises the idea that we, as a society, were in grave danger of becoming far cleverer and more scientifically able than we were wise. It is for these reasons that Mary Shelley makes some of Dr. Frankenstein last words, in Chapter XIII, read like a terrible warning to mankind, one that stands against cloning today: "Man," I cried, "how ignorant art thou in thy pride of wisdom! Cease; you know not what it is you say."

Tags:doctor, victor, mary, shelley, science, biological, morality, genetic, monster, experimentation, god, technology, nature

Tags:benefits, engineering, ethics, genetic, human, morals, society

Abstract
The paper explores the world-wide debate about genetically modified (GM) crops and explains the advantages and disadvantages of these products. The paper looks at the regulation of genetically modified foods in the United States and Europe and how GM food growth is drawing a political backlash. The paper discusses the powerful opposition of Greenpeace to genetic engineering. The paper concludes that as long as environmental organizations generate fear and doubt among politicians, retailers and the public, it will be almost impossible for the technology to break through, despite its benefits.

Outline:
Introduction
The Science of Genetic Engineering
Genetically Modified Foods and Hunger
Genetically Modified Foods and Biodiversity
Research for the Common Good
Growth of Genetic Engineering
Greenpeace
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The world wide debate about genetically modified crops has been a heated one, pitting biological progress against environmental conservation. The genetically modified foods issue involves complex factors including politics, international trade, and social and cultural norms. Advocates of GM foods say that the increased yields and decreased price of using genetically modified seeds can help to alleviate world hunger. However, progress is being hampered by over cautious environmentalists and consumers, mostly in Europe and Japan. These wealthy areas of the world can afford to take precautions that the starving people of the world cannot, but the preference of consumers in wealthy countries of whole, natural, organic foods is influencing impoverished countries."

Tags:environment, organisms, genes, hunger, safety

Abstract
This paper looks at how, with every passing year, the environment around the American people is becoming more and more artificial and how one of the greatest examples of this is the creation of genetically modified foods. It examines how a few huge companies are trying to convince us that their food is not dangerous to our health and, in some cases, is even healthier than organic food. It attempts to prove how this is not true and how genetically modified food is potentially dangerous.

From the Paper
"A lot of myths have been created to market the genetically engineered food. One of them is that it will help the American farmers. In reality, biotechnology tries to industrialize agriculture even further, converting agriculture into a branch of industry, and as with other labor saving technologies, by increasing productivity biotechnology tends to reduce prices and set in motion a technology treadmill that forces out of business a significant number of farmers, especially the small ones. Another false myth is that biotechnology will benefit Third World farmers. In reality, biotechnology products will undermine exports from Third World countries even more, especially from small-scale producers."

Tags:biotechnology, fast, artificial, agriculture, technology

Abstract
This paper discusses the history, background and the complicated ethics regarding human cloning. The author looks at the science of cloning, pros and cons of cloning and argues that cloning is beneficial in the long run.

From the Paper
"There is no other topic in health care with more potential for controversy than human cloning. I decided to write my paper on human cloning for this very reason, it will be an even more controversial issue than abortion in the future for my generation. Indeed, cloning is a topic for the future but this future is much closer than many people would like to believe. Many have deep religious and ethical reasons for wanting a total ban on human cloning. However, there are also many people, including some scientists, who believe that the possible benefits of human cloning outweigh the risks by a huge margin. Cloning has become an issue within the past 4 years due to the realization that it is possible to clone a human being."

Tags:cells, clones, dolly, embryo, ethics, skin

From the Paper
"The birth of the world's most famous sheep, the genetically cloned Dolly, sparked turbulent ethical, scientific, and religious debate, taking Genetic Engineering from the laboratories and thrusting it onto the front pages of the world. The living proof of what was once considered no more than science fiction prompted an entirely new range of dangers and possibilities. Jeremy Rifkin's The Biotech Century warns of the dangers of genetic engineering and takes a rather alarmist stance in revealing the outcomes of current and future genetic research."

Tags:bioengineering, biology, biotechnology, engineering, genetic, genetics, technology

Abstract
This paper gives some background on the genetic engineering of food. The author focuses on the dangers that stem from genetically engineered food such as possible medical side effects and repercussions to the environment. The author advocates mandatory labeling of foods with genetically engineered ingredients and looks at regulations in other countries.

From the Paper
"By far the most severe environmental repercussion of GE crops is that they are a Pandora's box, once they are planted, there is no way to control or recall them. Pollen from GE plants is spread in exactly the same manner as regular pollen, and, therefore, their genetic material will quickly spread to any surrounding fields. This is one of the main reasons why is truly impossible for people to know what they are eating. An organic tomato grown a mile away from a farm that grows GE tomatoes may or may not be infected. Scientists have no way of determining what kind of effects the release of all this genetic pollution will have on the ecosystem (Davis)."

Tags:biotechnology, dangers, enviroment, ethics, food, genetic, problems

Abstract
This paper explains, starting from the basics, what genetic engineering actually is, and how it is carried out. It details its uses in society and explains the risks involved and how to overcome them. Ethics and social values are included in the discussion.

Outline
Introduction
Principles of Genetic Engineering
Applications of Genetic Engineering
Hazards and Ethical and Social Implications of Genetic Engineering

From the Paper
"Restrictions have become less severe over the years, and genetic engineering is being applied more and more as public approval is constantly being sought. Nevertheless, this does not diminish the potential dangers of creating transgenic organisms. For example, consider the use of genetically modified organisms - GMO's - in the general environment, such as crop plants. Can such organisms be used safely? Suppose the pollen of these plants are transferred to wild relatives, thus injecting the gene into a different species. These plants may now act as weeds, and if the crop plants were engineered to be herbicide-resistant, then the weed will be similarly so. When a new type of oilseed rape resistant to the herbicide Basta was produced by the Belgian company 'Plant Genetic Systems' in 1994, there were concerns that rapeseed would act as a weed in hedgerows and would be impossible to control with Basta."

Tags:biotechnology, dna, gene, genome, gmo, nucleotide, plasmid, protein, virus