Abstract
It is the contention of this paper that the standardized SATs, intended as a tool to help predict a student's collegiate potential, fail to meet this objective. Instead, the exams often misrepresent or portray a potential student in a negative light because of the cultural bias of the test. The paper asserts that this is especially true for the African-American and Latino American population. Experts in the fields of education and social sciences are quoted, and data is presented that supports the author's contention. Other problems that are considered intrinsic to the SAT are also covered in this paper.

From the Paper
"Today's educational system supports tests such as the SAT's, which are often biased against minority students. The SAT's were developed by the Educational Testing Service as a means to predict successful collegiate performance. However, the tests in actuality seldom accurately predict the potential for a student's success. The SAT's have statistically in fact, been shown to have little value in predicting a student's future performance. They also negatively impact admissions representative's perceptions of a student's potential for academic success. The SAT's have also been shown to negatively impact minority groups, specifically African Americans, Hispanics and even low-income white students. The tests more accurately are a predictor of socioeconomic influences than a student's potential, and unwittingly favor middle and upper class students, who often have the opportunity to prepare and memorize for such tests, placing them at a disadvantage over their peers."

Tags:iq, tests, automatic, cultural, filter, ethnic, social, group, scores, cognitive, diversity, mel, levine

Abstract
The paper explains that an "Ahha moment" is usually a sudden realization of an understanding of a concept. The author relates that her "Ahha" happened during an operation in which she, as a surgery nurse, was able to use her prior experience to pick up cues from the situation and act quickly, thus demonstrating Benner's fifth stage of professional nursing development. The paper stresses that experience is essential for the development of professional expertise.

From the Paper
"In Stage One of Benner's theory, the novice has little or no experience. The circulating nurse who had to be told to get the crash cart is an example of this stage. Stage Two is identified as the advance beginner. According to Benner, in this stage the nurse has experienced enough real situations to make judgments. In Stages Four and Five, the nurse is able to see the big picture. These two stages define expertise. A nurse finding herself in these two stages could trigger an "Ahha experience". Hence, in the scenario, being able to extract from prior experiences highlighted my appreciation of the concept that nursing experience is crucial for the development of expertise skills."

Tags:situation, judgment, expertise, realization, concept

Abstract
The paper shows how education students should incorporate Bloom's Taxonomy and student learning processes into their lesson plans. The course created in this paper is for adult learners, but the processes and procedures used can also be used for any grade level. This paper itemizes and explains each of the steps in preparing a lesson plan, beginning with defining the topic, audience, and environment of the course, and ending with a listing of technologies to be used as learning adjuncts.

Table of Contents:
Topic
Audience
Environment
Course Objectives
Learning Process and Bloom's Taxonomy
Idea Map
Outline
Storyboard
Instructional Technology Usage
Resources

From the Paper
"The class which I am preparing this lesson plan for is "Coping with Separation," a part of the Operation READY (Resources for Education About Deployment and You) educational system for soldiers and their families. This course has been adapted by me to help soldiers and their family members to be able to recognize and deal with stress-related problems associated with deployments."

Tags:outline, idea, map, preparedness, storyboard

Abstract
Accountants and auditors prepare, analyze and verify financial reports crucial to all business and government organizations. Two of the major accounting specialties are public accounting and managerial accounting.
This paper discusses the differences between chartered public accountants (CPA) and chartered managerial accountants (CMA) including the clients they serve and the examinations they have to pass before becoming qualified. The paper also examines the differences in wage earnings and career opportunities.

From the Paper
"The professional designation of Certified Management Accountant (CMA) is achieved through the CMA Professional Program, a demanding training process in emerging business practices, which fosters management and leadership abilities, interpersonal and communication skills. CMAs are employed at all corporate levels, mostly in middle, senior and executive management positions which include but are not limited to: Chief Financial Officers (CFO), Controllers, treasurer, director of internal audit, chief accountant or cost accountant, director of taxation, managers or supervisors. Other CMAs are employed as accountants, auditors, analysts and consultants, with careers for management accounting professionals in all sectors of business and industry. (Rosenberg, pp.55-69.)"

Tags:AICPA

Abstract
This paper provides a thorough examination of training procedures for new employees and refresher courses for existing employees. It tackles issues such as the objective and need for training, types of trainees in different work conditions and provides examples of different training methods. The writer states the obvious advantages of having a well trained team for better production.

From the Paper
"Training has become the most important feature of a successful organization. The need of proper training was felt when the organizations started falling apart due to tiny mistakes of its employees. Training is necessary because it improves profitability and/ or more positive attitudes towards profit orientation. Enhances the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization. The work force gets a high morale. Due to proper training employees can identify with organizational goals, corporate image gets improved. Training fosters authenticity, openness and trust. A boss an the subordinates get to work in a better environment and relationship. Training aids in developing leadership skill, motivation, loyalty, better attitudes and other aspects that successful workers and managers usually display. The quality of work is also increased and so is the productivity. Its cost effective as well, it cuts costs in different areas e.g. production, personnel, administration etc. it develops a sense of responsibility to the organization for being competent and knowledgeable. Labor management is also improved, as workers instead of feeling ignored, feel taken care of which develops a sense of loyalty"

Tags:performance, development, environment, organization, management

Abstract
This paper details the problems facing adults desiring to return to school and offers some solutions for the problems. The paper discusses reasons for the increase in adults returning to school that range from self-fulfillment to the desire for a better career.

From the Paper
"The dream of going to college becomes short-circuited for many people in today's world. Financial insufficiency, unexpected pregnancy, early marriage and other factors interrupting the educational process can cause some students not to even finish high school let alone go to college. In spite of these factors, however, the dream does not die for most people. It lies dormant in the midst of hope that someday, somehow the opportunity to continue the interrupted education will arise. Continuing one's education as an..."

Tags:adult education, continuing education, distance learning, online education

Abstract
This paper discusses the need for continuing professional development (CPD) among psychologists. The paper discusses the differing CPD requirements for psychologists in various countries and compares and contrasts these differences. The paper then discusses the arguments for and against CPD, including financial issues and adherence to theories learned.

From the Paper
"Regularly undertaking CPD activity of an appropriate type and quality should keep them safe to practice and fit for purpose throughout their careers. No matter where someone is on the hierarchy, whether they have just qualified or have been qualified for 30 years, CPD is just as important, every professional needs to ensure that they are fit for purpose, safe to practice and up to date throughout their careers, QAA, (2003)"
"The majority of Psychologists know that their continuing professional development is important. But for some, when they hear the phrase 'continuing professional development' this is met by a yawn and an attempt to tot up the number of hours spent on activities which could count as CPD along with worries about where they will find the time to pursue CPD activities, APS (2006)."

Tags:ethical, education, social

Abstract
This paper explains the present national standards in the UK for adult literacy such as being confident and capable when speaking, listening, reading and writing. The author relates that, in 2010, functional skills based on real life experiences, particularly as relative to work based environments will become the new qualification. From the perspective of the author's own experiences, the paper details the teaching of basic skills for English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) adult students and the ability of ESOL teachers to also teach functional skills.

From the Paper
"SfL or basic skills qualifications are aimed at helping learners to build their English, maths or computer skills, whereas key skills are aimed at development of skills to help in work and life in general. As a learner myself, working towards an ITT qualification, I have no previous experience of summative assessment of speaking skills because most of the assessments that I have been involved in through the delivery of literacy to English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) learners were formative."

Tags:comparability, functional skills, work verification levels

Abstract
This paper investigates the use of authentic reading materials in creating a natural environment in which EFL (English Foreign Language) adult learners can improve their reading skills from the perspective of the learners and the teachers. The literature review, research methodology and results are presented in detail. The paper concludes that this original research suggests that there are factors to be considered when using authentic texts in order to make such texts more interesting, motivational and teachable.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Table of Figures
List of Abbreviations
Introduction
The Importance of this Study and of Learner Autonomy
Research Questions
The Structure of this Study
Literature Review
Autonomy and Authenticity
Autonomy: Definitions and Main Characteristics
Criticism against Learner Autonomy
Defense of Learner Autonomy
Acquisition and Learning
Authenticity or Autonomy
Authentic Reading Materials and EFL Classroom....
Authentic Reading Materials: Definition and Characteristics Authentic vs. Artificial Materials
Advantages of Authentic reading Materials
Disadvantages of Using Authentic Reading Materials
Authentic Reading Materials and the Learner's Role
Text and Task Selection
Top-Down processing and Students' Predictions
Learners' Interpretation and Negotiation
The Role of the Teacher as a Model
Theoretical Implications
Methodology
Data Collection
Questionnaire
Focus Group
Ethics
Validity and Reliability
Limitations
Findings and Discussion
Findings
Questionnaire Findings (Section 1)
Attitudes towards the Role of Cultural Awareness in Learning English
Attitudes towards the Suitability of Authentic Texts
Attitudes towards the Role of Authentic Texts in Enhancing Communicative Competence
Attitudes towards the Role of Interactive Activities in Improving the Understanding of Texts
Questionnaire Findings (Section 2)
Questionnaire Findings (Section 3)
Questionnaire Findings (Section 4)
Focus Group Findings
Discussion
Implications and Conclusion
Implications.
Conclusion
Appendices
Questionnaire
Focus Group: Structure and Questions
Details of the Anonymous Email
Initial Questionnaire with Open-Ended Questions
Follow-up Questions
Feedback to a Conducted Focus Group

From the Paper
"Advocates of learner autonomy believe that its principles could create a suitable environment in which students find strong motives for acquiring the target language unconsciously. Such an environment is argued to be created gradually by well-prepared teachers who have to consider the fact that not all learners have the same capability to develop the same degree of autonomy . Besides his belief in the crucial role of the teacher inside the classroom, Holec also suggests that autonomy "can be done with other learners or with outside help.""

Tags:models, learner autonomy, attitudes questionnaire, focus groups

Abstract
In order to deliver safe and effective practice a Registered Nurse is required to maintain his or her professional competence by ensuring knowledge and skills remain current. Furthermore there exists a need for the nurse to facilitate the effective development of the knowledge and skills base any student who they may be teaching. This paper attempts to demonstrate how a potential student (female) was identified and how her needs were explored and assessed. The paper also discusses how, after the students learning style was identified, a plan of action was drawn up and a lesson was given and evaluated.
The paper is dived into a number of related sections. These are the main paper (Teaching and Learning in Clinical Practice), a detailed lesson plan for performing, recording and interpreting a urinalysis (appendix a), a series of colored photographs showing different urinary samples (appendixes b - e), a learner assessment sheet (appendix f) and urinalysis tables (appendixes g and h).

From the Paper
"Contact with regularly attending potential learner's within my placement area was sporadic, but following eventual identification of a second year nursing student (with whom I would again come into contact within the clinical area), I made my first approach with the intention of creating a good first impression. A positive start to a first meeting may not actually be essential for the successful development of a potential teacher/learner relationship and indeed the idea that it is even "useful", rather than "essential", may contradict some authors views (Carr, 2005). Those views have suggested that the teacher/learner relationship should be one which is formal and impersonal. In a selfish attempt to make the forthcoming teaching session easier for me and to create a positive and lasting influence on my learner's impending experience, (which would hopefully improve future patient care), I aimed to develop a relationship which was relaxed from the outset and based on trust and support (Brookfield, 1986)."

Tags:knowledge, skills, learning, nursing, teaching, urinary, taxonomy, clinical, urinalysis, reagent, mid-stream, catheter, record, report, interpret