Abstract
The goals of this study are to identify and analyse common autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interventions targeting social communication; to ascertain whether any of these strategies specifically target deficits in figurative language, such as the inability to understand metaphors, irony, idiomatic expressions and humour; and to discover whether any of the current strategies have proven effective in addressing deficits in figurative language. Children with ASD suffer an increased likelihood of severe anxiety (such as hypochondriasis, panic, specific fears or excessive worrying) and depression or other mood disorders. Thus, it is extremely important to develop and implement effective strategies to help such children interact in socially positive ways in order to decrease their anxieties and improve their opportunities to establish friendships.
While there has recently been a proliferation of therapeutic approaches designed to remedy the deficits in the social and linguistic skills of children who suffer from ASD, there are few published studies available regarding the efficacy of such strategies in addressing the inability to understand figurative language such as metaphor, irony, idiomatic expressions and humour. This dissertation intends to contribute to the sparse literature on this subject by looking at the communication intervention strategies currently being used with ASD children and to what degree these have proven effective in addressing figurative language deficits.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Children with ASD suffer increased likelihood of severe anxiety (such as hypochondriasis, panic, specific fears or excessive worrying) and depression or other mood disorders (Sofronoff, Attwood & Hinton, 2005). This can be predominantly attributed to the bullying and social rejection they suffer as a result of their inability to communicate in socially appropriate ways (Harvard Mental Health Letter, 2005). Difficulties in social reasoning due to an inability to accurately gauge and respond to social cues, particularly those involved with verbal and nonverbal communication, leads to problems in establishing supportive friendships with others (Sofronoff, Attwood & Hinton, 2005). In addition, impairments in social communication render the individual with ASD naive and vulnerable to being taken advantage of by unscrupulous individuals (Rajendran, Mitchell & Rickards, 2005). Thus, it is extremely important to develop and implement effective strategies to help such children interact in socially positive ways in order to decrease their anxieties and improve their opportunities to establish friendships."

Tags:communication, ASD, PDD-NOS, intervention, treatment, therapy

Abstract
This study examines Eisenstein's unfinished film, 'Que Viva Mexico!' The writer aims to establish its so far misinterpreted history, as well as its importance in the wider discussion of Eisenstein's work. The writer notes that the study contains evidence exposing Soviet politics, responsible for the unfinished nature of the film. Furthermore, the study explores artistic influences, particularly the Mexican Muralist movement, which have so far been neglected. In addition, changes in Eisenstein's theoretical thought are investigated in an examination about extant scenarios and through close textual analysis. The writer argues that Eisenstein moved away from montage of attractions to pay close attention to the single shot: its composition, potential, aesthetics and meaning. Additionally, the film shot is particularly surprising in that it contains a continual linking of a man and his natural environment, the release of the female, local traditions and rituals on life, death and immorality, as well as elements of excessive over indulgence.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix
Glossary of People
Glossary of terms and names in Que Viva Mexico!
Chronology

From the Paper
"Sandunga and Maguey do not reflect Eisenstein's understanding of the opposition between Rivera and Orozco on a visual level. The stories also express the difference in character. Sandunga is a romantic vision, set in the harmony of the unspoiled natural surroundings of the tropics, where as Maguey is governed by male violence. It contains the most brutal scene of the entire film, where under the pre-Revolutionary system; we see Mexican labourers die being crushed by horse hooves. This scene was to be the only scene that Mexican censorship decreed as inappropriate and damaging towards their country and that it was not to be shown. But, the scene does embody some futurist aspects with close ups of the peons being crushed by the horse hooves as they cross to form a triangular movement . The faces of the peons are in focus, while the dust and horses are out of focus and blurred, appearing as triangular cubic shadows."

Tags:artistic, influences, Mexican, Muralist, shots

Abstract
This paper looks at the possible discrimination against Black Caribbean children as opposed to other ethnic minorities, in the British classroom. The author poses various questions, such as: "Why is the Black Caribbean boy picked on?", "Why at least did teachers feel they needed to "pick on" the Black child - and were they, in fact, conscious of what they were doing?", and then attempts to provide some answers through relevant studies that have been carried out in the UK.

From the Paper
"Such contrasting scenes from the modern British classroom throw up a myriad number of questions and issues. Why is the Black Caribbean boy, in this example, picked on? Was it because the teacher was being genuinely discriminatory towards the child, or was it because Marcus was simply speaking out of turn, in contravention to the universal rule of the classroom? Why at least did teachers feel they needed to "pick on" the Black child - and were they, in fact, conscious of what they were doing? How is it that, while Black Caribbean children appear to be far more visible in the classroom their Chinese counterparts are not? Could difference between Black Caribbean pupils and Chinese simply be explained by reference to the kind of cultures from which they respectively come? Or is the image of the "aggressive" Black boy and the "passive" Chinese boy merely a distorted reflection of wider social and cultural discourses that have contributed to teachers expecting different things from their pupils even before they have entered the classroom? Whatever the reasons, which will be explored in greater depth in this dissertation, there seems little doubt, statistically-speaking, that nine years down the road, Black Caribbean pupils, such as Marcus, would in all likelihood perform the least well out of all ethnic minorities living in Britain today. Figures collated by the National Pupil Database, compiled in 2002, have reconfirmed what has always been the case with Black Caribbean pupils, namely that they are poor academic achievers (DfES 2003): the proportion of these pupils who obtained more than five A-C grades at GCSE stand at an abysmal 30 percent. Even if we were to add pupils of Black African heritage, who performed marginally better than the Pakistanis, who were placed in the third-worst performing category, we would still end up with Black pupils overall coming at the bottom end of the academic pile. By comparison, the performance of Chinese pupils shows a stark contrast: they outperform their black counterparts by more than double, with over 70 percent achieving grades of more than five A*-C GCSEs, making them the highest academic performers of any given ethnic group. Taken together with Indian pupils, who compose the second highest-performing ethnic grouping, results obtained by Chinese adolescents far outstripped those of white GCSE entrants who collectively managed to obtain approximately a 50 percent achievement-rate."

Tags:disruptive, classmate, attention, cultures

Abstract
In this article, the writer first looks at the immediate circumstances in which Henry VIII first conceived the idea of divorce from Catherine. The paper then points out that there were also other surrounding factors that must be taken into consideration when considering whether Henry VIII's break with Rome really was driven by Henry's sole desire for divorce. The paper points out that some scholars say the role of Cardinal Wolsey, the king's advisor, was crucial in so far as he supposedly suggested the plan to the King himself; some point to the influence of Anne Boleyn and Catherine of Aragon on his decisions; still others believe that the broader force of anti-clericalism ultimately played an important part since it helped transform a mere issue of divorce into one of a conflict between Church and State. The paper concludes that despite all these important factors, the chief factor for the break with Rome can be found with Henry himself and in his undoubted passion for Anne whose role in shoring up Henry's affection towards her and determination for the cause was far from unimportant in a desire that resulted in England rejecting the authority of the papacy.

Outline:
Introduction
The Strength of Henry's Desire
The Influence of Anne Boleyn
The Place of Anti-clericalism
Conclusions

From the Paper
"More fundamentally, it is questionable whether the Cardinal himself really did have intentions to become Pope. When Wolsey did obtain a position as a Cardinal in Rome, he frequently absented himself away from the place, even declining recommendations that he should go for his own benefit. Following accusations that his titular Church of St Cicilia was involved with embezzlement, he hardly exuded an air of concern about this as reflecting badly on his character and hence his potential candidacy. Nor did he make any serious attempt at cultivating a network of people on whom he could rely when it came to electing a Pope. Realistically, there was only one influential supporter, Campeggio, an acquaintance merely by virtue of him being a legate in England. Otherwise, Wolsey half-heartedly looked to minor figures that could not be expected to hold real clout. Even Silvestro Gigli, a diplomat, was treated rather indifferently in the role of go-between with Rome, so that Gigli was frequently moved to complain that Wolsey was not keeping him, and thus Rome, informed about developments in England."

Tags:Anne, Boleyn, Catherine, of, Aragon, marriage

Abstract
This study examines online and face-to-face support groups to determine which factors best predict participant's satisfaction with the group experience. The paper examines how differences between face-to-face and online groups may be accounted for by differences in severity of disorders among clients. The writer proposes that this research is important, as online support groups expand their role in the provision of eating disorder support. The paper concludes that, in order to ensure that individuals with eating disorders have access to the best treatment available, it is advantageous to the mental health profession to determine who can benefit most from low-cost treatment resources.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement Of The Problem
Definition Of Terms
Literature Review
Dsm-Iv Diagnostic Criteria For Anorexia Nervosa
Dsm_Iv Diagnostic Criteria For Bulimia Nervosa
Dsm-Iv Research Criteria For Binge Eating Disorder
Bodywhy's Eating Disorder Support Group Services: An Overview
Factors Contributing To The Effectiveness Of Eating Disorder Groups: Review Of Current Research
Methodology
Design
Sample
Results
Data Analysis
Chapter 5
Discussion
Summary Of Findings And Implications For Future Research
Group Participant Variables
Group Variables
Limitations Of Study
Implications Of Research
Conclusion
Appendices
Informed Consent Letters For Group Participants
Appendix B
Demographic Information, Group Participation History And Eating Disorder History.
Client Satisfaction Inventory
Eating Attitudes Test
Catharsis Scale
References

From the Paper
"Bodywhys, The Eating Disorders Association of Ireland's face to face and online support groups, which are facilitated by trained volunteers, aims to provide eating disorder suffers and their families with an economically and geographically accessible environment for discussing feelings and common concerns, the expression of which Meehan, Wikes, and Howard (1995) identified as one of the foundations of recovery from eating disorders. Despite the longevity of this and other eating disorder support group programs, however, systematic research with such groups has been scant."

Tags:intervention, recovery, psychopathology, pathology, psychiatrist, therapist, anorexia, bulimia

Abstract
The primary focus of this paper is to assess the impact of divorce upon children. The research explores this subject area in a broad and encompassing manner. Given the overt attempt to encapsulate a wide variety of issues and factors the paper does not delve into specific areas of analysis in massive analytical detail, and includes at various points a general examination based on secondary research. The work is split into various sub sections, including a discussion chapter which explores the various issues concerned in a thematic manner.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Discussion of findings
Literature Review
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
''However, it will become clear that much secondary source material on this subject is heavily based on the empirical and statistical traditions of social policy study. Therefore, as a consequence of these various comprehensive secondary studies, this work gains a strong element of empirical and statistical support, even if this does not come about as a result of individual research in the field. In most part, this dissertation utilises qualitative research from the wider social policy field. Some use of quantitative data is of course made at points. As such, the writer has ensured that issues pertaining to representativeness, bias and selectivity are taken into account if not expressly discussed.
''Through the use of the above research endeavours this work aims to follow a clear path of overall detailed assessment around the issue of divorce and its impact upon children. As such, the research methodology suggested above aims to highlights the degree to which the impact of divorce on children is an immensely complex and wide ranging subject requiring the inclusion of numerous and varied factors, issues and variables. Indeed, the various academic works examined throughout this dissertation clearly illustrate this inherent complexity.''

Tags:divorce, children, child

Abstract
Foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased rapidly over the past years, especially after the promotion of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. The aim of this paper is to examine whether there is a positive relationship between FDI and the economic growth in the Czech Republic, with special emphasis on technology and productivity spillovers. It focuses especially on two hypotheses, in the form of a case study. The first hypothesis is that technological and productivity spillover from FDI can lead to an increase in economic growth in the Czech Republic. The second hypothesis is that the Czech government can be an extra incentive for economic growth. Formulas show different solutions to different questions in economic growth. The paper discusses the Keynes' GDP model, the purchasing power parity (PPP), as well as Solow's total factor productivity (TFP) and multi factor productivity (MFP) and Cob-Douglas elastic growth equation, that includes technology development into the equation.

Outline
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Economic Growth and FDI
Inflows to the Czech Republic
1.2 Introduction to Relevant Theoretic
And Empirical Studies
1.3 Research Aims and Objectives
1.4 Chapter Review
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 FDI vs. Economic Growth
2.1.1 Technology and Productivity Spill Over
Transfers through FDI
2.1.2 Employment Creation:
2.1.3 Capital
2.1.4 Export
2.2 Other Factors vs. Economic Growth
2.2.2 Government Expenditure
2.2.3 Population Size
2.2.4 Openness
2.3 Conclusion
2.3.1 Role of the Literature in the Dissertation
Chapter 3 Methodology
3.1 Research Methodology Method:
H.1.1) There Has Been Economic
Growth in the Czech Republic.
H.1.2) Technology and Productivity
Spillovers Apply To The Czech Republic.
3.2 Conclusion
Chapter 4: Data
4.1 Data Collection
4.2 Data Analysis Keynes
GDP Equation
World Bank PPP Equation
Solow TFP Equation
Solow MFP Equation
Cob-Douglas Equation
Chapter 5: Conclusion
5.1.1 The First Objective Is To Give A
General Understanding of FDI
And Economic Growth
5.1.2 Second Is To Discuss According To A
Case Study Spillovers of FDI into the Czech Market
5.1.3 Thirdly, How the Czech Government
Can Be an Extra Incentive for Economic Growth
5.2 Boundaries and Constraints
5.3 Need for Further Research is Recognized

From the Paper
"Multinational companies (MNCs) find it profitable to invest abroad because they own specific assets, one of which is the multinational's access to better production technology. (Caves, 1996) The role of transaction costs in the development of MNCs is seen as very important by McManus. Transaction costs can arise when transferring goods and or services, which can be a lot of money that is not necessary. When a MNC invests in a foreign market it overcomes those costs. (McManus1987) The relation between income inequality in Local Domestic Companies (LDCs) and FDIs is seen as a generally positive by Tsai. (Tsai 1995)"

Tags:hypothesis, republic, spillover, technology

Abstract
This paper examines the legacy of 18th century racist colonial ideology, and how this evolved into a justification for genocide two centuries later. It looks at the origins of this ideology, and the way it was used, first by Europeans and then by Rwandans themselves, and how it finally created the basis for segregation, racism and the murder of 100,000 Tutsi's. Central to the work is the argument that this racist ideology was imposed upon the citizens of Rwanda by the colonial powers, and in turn this ideology was used as justification for the atrocities committed in 1994.

Outline:
Introduction
Chapter One : Creating Political Identities From Hutu and Tutsi
Chapter 2: The Impact of the Structure of Colonial Administration
Chapter Three: The Legacy of Colonial Rule up to and After Independence
Conclusions

From the Paper
"The Tutsi-led RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) invaded Rwanda from Uganda in 1990, demanding the right of return for Tutsi exiles, as well as the end to President Habyarimana's single party regime. This forced the international community, who had for long ignored the plight of Rwanda, to commit to a programme of democratisation within the country. The powerful elite, frightened for their political and material position, settled on a genocide to solve the 'problem' of democracy. The extremists used a propaganda campaign to incite the population to murder, and when the President's plane was shot down on 9th April 1994, the massacres followed immediately."

Tags:Hutu, Tutsi, Belgium, Rwandan, Patriotic, Front, Habyarimana, Social, Darwinist, Hamitic, Hypothesis

Abstract
The paper discusses whether or not the current George W. Bush administration views China as a 'threat', with regard to the realist argument of a 'China threat theory'. The paper discusses the theory surrounding the concept of a 'China threat', identifies and discusses key issues in contemporary debate around the subject, and analyzes official publications from a variety of US governmental departments. The paper comments that despite there being some evidence to suggest that the United States does view China as a threat, these instances relate to very specific military scenarios involving a collapse in the status quo over Taiwan, or indirectly through China's proliferation to third parties. The paper concludes that the realist argument of a 'China threat' based on economic/militaristic growth, is unable to encapsulate the complexity of inter-state relations, and provides only a one-sided, often 'worst-case' scenario of US-Sino relations. Subsequently the paper criticizes not only the realist argument but also the western nature of the debate itself.




Outline:
Introductory Chapter
Introduction
Aims and Limitation
Structure
Research Method
Main Chapter
Literature Review
Theoretical Background
Realism, Containment and the 'China threat'
Liberalism, Engagement and the 'China threat'
Contemporary Debate
Documentary Analysis
Introduction and US Strategic Objectives
China's Global Economic Reach
Weapons/Technology Proliferation
The Taiwan Strait Issue & Military Expansion
Summary and Conclusion of Analysis
Concluding Chapter
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The method used to address the research question in this qualitative research is documentary analysis, and the reason why this method has been chosen is because official US government documents either directly state foreign policy, provide insight into governmental thinking, or provide assessment on the motives and capabilities of the Chinese government. Whilst it is important to recognise that documentation (no matter how official) 'construct particular kinds of representation using their own conventions', and are not necessarily objective facts, we can still apply validity to their claims by analysing them in the context of their 'organizational settings, [and] the cultural values attached to them'. Therefore, in analysing documents, it is possible to identify what the text establishes as relevant, what values are conveyed, and how these are related."

Tags:communication, process, condemning, threatening, of, international, relations, provocative

Abstract
This paper focuses on the issues that ran concurrently with slavery, although the issue of slavery dominated the middle part of the 19th century in America in its causes of secession and the U.S. Civil War. The writer looks at the legislation that affected the southern states, like the: Nullification Crisis that affected South Carolina in 1832, the Declaration of Causes by the seceding states and the widespread division that affected America in the late 1850's, the 1850 Compromise and the Kansas-Nebraska Bill that caused great turmoil between the northern and southern states. This paper also looks at why the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, caused such consternation that the southern states finally felt compelled to secede.

From the Paper
"The election of Abraham Lincoln as president and the Republican Party coming to power was almost a sure thing before the splits in the Democratic Party. The splits just made it an almost certainty, and again it was over the issue of slavery, only this time instead of fighting against each other it was in fighting. This meant that secession was a sure thing, which would have pleased so many of the vocal southern firebrands. It is hard to see how some of the southern states thought that they could survive without being in the Union, as one state is far bigger and prosperous when it is in a group rather than as an individual. But the southern states had had to put up with so much provocation and pressure from the northern states and often an anti slavery president government that this was the final straw for them. Why should they have kept putting up with all this hassle and troubles during the mid 19th century over slavery, which was a way of life for them. Some southerners knew that slavery would eventually die out in the future, put when they are pushed so hard and so much about the issue of slavery, their attitudes are going to harden and they would eventually dig their heels in."

Tags:abraham, civil, lincoln, rebels, secession, southern, states, union, us, war