Abstract
With so much activity and such a limited amount of space available in major media outlets, referring broadly to print and television news, this paper attempts to determine what makes a relevant news copy and what simply is disregarded as non-newsworthy. It discusses what news is and the process that it goes through before it reaches a finished product.

Outline
Introduction
News Organizations
What is News?
How is News Produced?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The first two sources are typically located within the media's own structure. Specialists are usually employed by the media institution itself to provide a constant stream of information within a particular field, or alternatively can be employed on a freelance basis, being consulted on issues when the need arises. News 'diaries', on the other hand, are a "record of forthcoming events - political conferences, speeches by prominent people, press conferences - compiled for the purpose of easing the collection of information" (Negrine, 1989, p.124). These diaries are compiled before a public event and are on hand in newsrooms to ensure there will be adequate in house coverage in place when the event happens."

Tags:media, newspapers, spin, television

Abstract
This paper examines the importance of both platform and print as instruments from which Chartism, as a movement for political and social reform, derived its forward momentum in the United Kingdom in 19th century. The paper points out that Chartism emphasized, above all, the power of the word and the art of persuasion. The paper also raises the question of whether the movement displayed genuine class consciousness or whether it evinced an older grievance towards the aristocracy. It posits that print and platform were in some ways diametrically opposed to each other. However, it concludes that, ultimately, they were dependent upon one another in that newspapers needed the platform so that they could report on meetings and events, and the platform needed the newspapers to publicise its events.

From the Paper
"What should be pointed out, however, is that unstamped papers alone should not be placed on a par with the platform in creating enthusiasm for the movement. While these might have been important breeding grounds for future Chartist leaders, they hardly reached a wide enough audience to justify the kind of impact the platform had. By the time the Act of 1836 was passed, which not only reduced the duty on newspapers from 4d to 1d per copy, but also heavily penalised unstamped papers, this situation brought to a head a decision for these papers to either become newspapers outright or to stay as they were, in which case sufficient circulation figures had to be maintained to make the enterprise anyway near profitable. But by and large small-scale publications were doomed by the amount of postal charges they had to pay. In fact, the highly-opinionated and individualistic flavour of the articles they tended to contain even helped split the support of working men, sapping the unifying force that the Chartist movement may have had."

Tags:protest, demonstration, Europe, propaganda, publication

Abstract
This paper assesses the degree to which the contemporary press in London in the 1880s constructed Jack the Ripper and played a central role in the formation of this most famous of serial killers. Through the use of various press reports, this paper highlights the degree to which the press at the time played a vital role in propagating the Ripper story so successfully that it remains a popular issue to this day.

From the Paper
"During the latter nineteenth century the circulation of affordable newspapers grew exponentially in Britain. By the latter 1880s, this growth was personified by mass circulation, bringing the major stories of the day to a wider audience than ever before. As such, the Ripper case coincided with a period of unparalleled media coverage. However, the case of Jack the Ripper also represented a turning point in the way in which media forces treated the issue of serious crime. Although serial killers were far being a new phenomenon, the coverage received by the Ripper killings represented something previously unseen. Relative media frenzy occurred around the murders which were in many ways exacerbated and perpetuated by widespread public interest. As such, the mass press forces of the time ensured that the case of Jack the Ripper achieved national and international coverage. Moreover, the unwillingness of police investigators of the day to actively collaborate with journalists meant that newspapers often printed sensationalist reports which bore little resemblance to reality. "

Tags:serial, killers, media

Abstract
In this case analysis, the current business situation of the TV Guide Corporation is investigated. This analysis is done from a marketing perspective, and assesses and applies marketing concepts to a real-life situation at TV Guide magazine. In this case study, a situational analysis, which reviews TV Guide corporation, and its main product, TV Guide, along with additional offerings is shown. A brief history of TV Guide is given; the corporation's current business situation is assessed. A comprehensive SWOT analysis is given. This analysis lists the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) that are faced by TV Guide. A comprehensive recommendation for the marketing strategy is given for TV Guide. Finally, a conclusion summarizes the important information given in the other sections.

From the Paper
"Interestingly, TV Guide corporation is much more than its most well known product, the TV Guide. Since the publication of McDonald's article TV Guide has become much more diversified, and global. It operates four main business units. These are: TV Guide Television Group, TV Guide Interactive Group, TV Guide Magazine Group, and United Video Group. TV Guide markets and distributes products to over 100 million cable and satellite homes each and every week.
Perhaps the biggest news in the TV Guide area is the formation of Gemstar-TV Guide international on July 12, 2000. This company formed when Gemstar International Group merged with the TV Guide Company. Gemstar-TV Guide International now has television listing products licensed to over 180 companies, in industries like cable, satellite, Internet, personal computers and consumer electronics."

Tags:iGUIDE, Prevue, Networks

Abstract
This paper uses Rosalind Coward's theory of the power of the reader to construct a discussion around the balance of hegemonic power between the paparazzi photographer, its subject, the newspaper or magazine, and its reader. Specific reference sto the case of David Beckham's alleged affair with Rebecca Loos.

From the Paper
"Exactly why so many readers of newspapers have such an interest in images of celebrities in their private lives is worth consideration. Coward explains that 'Western culture has become obsessed with looking and recording images of what it has seen' , and that taking pleasure in 'looking' is enjoying the feeling of security that comes from knowing that you are distanced and that the subject cannot look back at you. So, to apply the theory to people reading tabloid newspapers, the human need to be informed is fulfilled in a way that is as little unsettling as possible by looking at photographs of celebrities. We can gain information about them and their lives, but without the risk of them gaining any information about us. Besides this, there is an element of self-importance linked to looking at photographs of other people: the reader enjoys the position of authority from which they are free and able to judge, criticize or praise the subject of the photograph."

Tags:beckham, fame, hegemony, journalism, looking, loos

Abstract
This paper looks at how journalism serves the public interest, including major Marxist and liberalist approaches and theories as well as looking at 'yellow journalism' and the tabloidisation of news media. It also explores competition, the importance of news stories and the financial constraints on news teams as well as the pressures put on a news product by its advertisers and the tendency towards conformity that results from competition.

Outline
Introduction
What Has Journalism Ever Done For Us?
Competition ? Driving Down Quality Since 1968
Following the Leader ? Competition and Conformity
The Shrinking Newsroom
Public Relations ? Puppetry of the Press
Pseudo Events ? Good News For Those Who Can Afford It!
Advertising ? Whose Interest - The Public?s or the Advertiser?s?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"However, there are those that view journalism not to be in the public interest, but rather that of today's ruling classes; government, big business and the capitalist system in general. Those of this opinion tend to come from the Marxist viewpoint, most notably Chomsky and Herman, who developed the concept of the propaganda model. This states that the media must first pass through 5 conceptual filters before reaching the public, and that these filters are designed to prevent information which is against the interests of the capitalist system reaching the public."

Tags:competition, liberalist, magazine, marx, media, newspaper, tabloidisation, yellow

Abstract
This essay looks at the laws of defamation in the U.K. and the ways in which they inhibit a journalist's ability to publish stories which serve the public interest. It looks at all related legislation (U.K .and European) and legal processes involved in defamation cases, what defamation is, the defences available and different criticisms of the system.

Outline
Introduction
Money, Money, Money
Innocent Until Proven Guilty, Yet False Until Proven True
Other Defences
What Harm Did it Do?
Article 10 ? A New Hope?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Defamation is a strict-liability tort, that is a civil wrong for which damages can be claimed whereby it is not necessary to prove intent. There are two forms of defamation, slander, the spoken form, and libel, the permanent form which includes statements made in radio and television broadcasts (under the Broadcasting Act 1990) and in a staged play (under the Theatre Act 1968) A statement is considered to be defamatory if it lowers a person in the estimation of right thinking members of society, disparages them in their profession or calling, causes them to be shunned or avoided or exposes them to hatred, ridicule or contempt."

Tags:aitken, archer, jury, libel, major, purgery, qualified, rights, slander, wilde

Abstract
This essay discusses and highlights the four main areas of media studies: Transformations, Institutions, Forms and Audiences, while exploring the impact of each in relation to the other areas using the work of theorists like Paddy Scannell, John Thompson and Raymond Williams.

From the Paper
"One key area in media studies is the role of the media in cultural transformations in a modern society. This entails looking at how social interactions and relationships are affected by the communications media. John Thompson describes three forms of interaction, "face-to-face" being the most common. In this case participants share the same context, at the same time and place and there is usually a "two-way flow of information" where a direct response can be achieved. Other features, sometimes referred to as body language, also add information for example, a change of tone may indicate surprise. Thompson claims this differs from the other types of interaction. "Mediated-interaction" 3, in letters and telephone conversations differs because it makes use of developed technology i.e. paper and telephone lines."

Tags:audiences, forms, institutions, interaction, journalism, radio, society, television, transformations

Abstract
This paper examines how the press complaints commission (PCC) is an independent body that deals with complaints from members of the public about the editorial content of newspapers and magazines and how it is accountable for the way in which news is gathered and reported. It looks at the set-up of the PCC and stipulates the pros and cons of it being a self-regulator for British newspapers. It then analyzes the PCC's code of conduct and discusses whether or not it is beneficial by examining PCC adjudications.

From the Paper
"As a self-regulator, the PCC has a code of conduct that provides special protection to individuals within society (particularly vulnerable groups of people such as children, hospital patients and those at risk of discrimination). Within that code of practice are ethical standards that newspaper proprietors, editors and journalists have to apply to. These principles range from accuracy in newspaper reporting, individuals opportunity to reply, people's privacy not being invaded, members of society not being harassed and intruded on when in grief or shock, listening devices being used to hear unauthorized conversations, criminals nor witnesses being paid in criminal trials, protection of journalist's sources and no misrepresentation of information or photographs."

Tags:newspapers, magazines, journalists, editors

Abstract
This paper discusses the effectiveness of the Press Complaints Commission as a regulatory body over the printed press in the UK. It looks at the role and work of the PCC while exploring the efficiency of self regulation.

From the Paper
"Newspapers and magazines are a primary source of information about the world for the general public and therefore accuracy is of a high importance when people frequently make social and political judgements from it. It is also argued that accuracy is important to protect individuals from the repercussions of inaccurate information . This can be a difficult task, when as John Solosky suggests "controlling the behaviour of journalists could be a difficult problem for the management of a news organisation, especially since reporters spend most of their time outside the newsroom" . The Press Complaints Commission (or PCC) attempts to keep printed publications in check through what is described as "self-regulation". This essay attempts to look at the role and work of the PCC, analysing whether or not self-regulation is an effective form of control."

Tags:journalism, journalist, magazines, media, newspapers