Abstract
This paper looks at a variety of theories and ideologies including culturist and Marxist. It also considers theoriests like Storey, Gramsci and Fiske for example, while drawing upon their relevence within a post modern society.

From the Paper
"Popular culture is an area of great discussion and debate. Raymond Williams claimed "culture" was "one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language." This essay seeks to discuss issues and theories surrounding its definition, as listed by Williams (but cited in Storey 2001) , whilst bringing in its position within society as defined through different ideologies."

Tags:communication, culturist, hagemony, ideology, journalism, marxism, media, modern, post, social

Abstract
This is an exploration into the four main conceptions based around media studies and the media as a whole. The four conceptions are transformations - the theory based on communication; institutions - the various groups formed within or by the media; forms - the reality aspect of the media and audiences - that which the media gains. The writer looks at the works of Raymond Williams and other theorists for examples of each.

From the Paper
"Communication is the main trend within different media institutions. Transformations are key to our perceptions about the media. They are forms of communication such as face-to-face communication where a conversation could be taking place but the participants of the conversation are sharing the same space and time. This has advantages because it is easy to see the mood of the person you may be conversing with due to the body language and facial expression that might be used. It also needs more interaction. Secondly, there is mediated interaction. This would incorporate telephone conversations, post and e-mail. These are forms of communication where we would have the expectation of a response. The advantages here are that the people within the acts of communication do not necessarily have to be the same time or space. The media itself is mainly concerned with mediated quasi interaction. This is communication where the communicator is relaying information but is not expecting a response such as television, newspapers and radio, where the programmes or articles are aimed at entertaining or providing information but not expecting a response form the public who are listening, reading or watching. The advantages of this are that it is a simple quick way of relaying information or entertaining and there is not necessarily any need for a response."

Tags:communication, film, forms, institutions, journalism, reality, transformations

Abstract
This essay looks at how literature speaks to us and why certain types of communication are called ?literature?. The essay takes its sources from modernist writers such as Ezra Pound, Virginia Woolf as well as the novels "Waterland" and "Beloved".

Tags:modernity, morrison, pound

Abstract
Asks the question of whether the BBC can compete as a public service broadcaster, and whether it should consider privatization in some form.

Privatization
Background to the BBC
Public Service Broadcasting
The Broadcasting Act 1996
The BBC's Digital Service Proposition, Digital Audio
Broadcasting (Radio)
The BBC's Digital Service Proposition - Digital Television
New and Planned Services for Digital Television
Privatization of the BBC's Transmission Network
The Licence Fee and Breakdown of how the Licence Fee is
Spent
BBC Projects Commercial Activities

From the Paper
" The broadcasting industry has undergone a vast transformation within the past decade, especially within the UK. For many years there were only four television channels which were broadcasting to the UK, then with the introduction of cable and satellite broadcasting, the UK audience was subjected to a multitude of specialized channels. Digital broadcasting is a new type of broadcasting medium, which allows many more television and radio channels to be broadcast. There is also a new array of interactive services which Digital broadcasting will bring."

Tags:broadcast, channel, commercial, government, internet, media, monopoly, network, transmission

Abstract
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the dynamics underlying consumer behavior. The author provides an in depth explanation about what consumer psychology involves, emphasizing perspectives on how advertising works , consumer-based response measures and present state of knowledge about measures of advertising effectiveness.

From the Paper
"Consumer psychology is the study of the dynamics underlying consumer behavior specifically concentrating on the use of psychological concepts and methods to explain, predict and influence behavior (Assael, 1992). Consumer psychology perspectives on how advertising works therefore puts much weight on the psychological dimensions of individuals as consumers and how advertising effects them. In other words, consumer psychology attacks the subject of advertising from a psychological point of view. The behavior outcome of advertising (the consumption of produce or a service) is therefore a complex interplay of many aspects. This is because humans are complex individuals and the process involves many levels of psychological functioning on behalf of the individual."

Tags:advert, buy, convince, sell, advertising, influence, t.v., commercial

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that counselling is a critical part of the social worker's professional weaponry not least because it forms a core skill used to communicate and build relationships among those involved in care. The writer points out that of course, it is possible for the social worker to utilize his or her own personal experiences as a guide which would have accumulated, as any citizen would, through the process of socialization. But the kind of people a normal citizen would commonly have dealings with would necessarily be selective - it would merely encompass a relatively narrow circle of family, relatives and friends from similar social and ethnic backgrounds. The writer maintains that what sets professional social workers apart is that they are forced to confront a diversity of people from all walks of life who bring with them their own sets of distinctive problems, beliefs and cultures, for which even the most experienced individual might be ill-equipped.

From the Paper
"At its most basic, counselling takes into serious consideration verbal and non-verbal speech as well as listening skills. Impressions that clients take away from even the most fleeting of encounters matter: if the speed at which counselling is provided is either too fast or too slow; if the nature of conversation is formal or informal; if the tone of voice, pitch and loudness differ - all this can lead to divergent experiences that leave a more indelible mark rather than the contents of what is said. Equally important would be the skill to listen, providing reassurances to the speaker to express themselves freely and openly. Resisting the temptation to interrupt, avoid misunderstanding, using body language, choosing the right environment in which to talk would be some key skills, while non-verbal skills, such as gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, orientation, touch and proximity to the speaker are important ways in which social workers can engage in fruitful communication."

Tags:socialization, social, worker, relationships

Abstract
This paper examines how in any organization individuals must collaborate with their colleagues and how the success or failure of an organization depends on how well its groups and individuals interact with each other. It shows how with correct communication, organizations can recognize any potential problems and deal with them before they become too serious. It demonstrates how each individual must fully understand their own aims, the aims of their group and overall company aims to successfully achieve them and how this can only be successful with effective communication within the workplace.

From the Paper
"Motivation is a key aspect in achieving effective communication, a point clearly emphasized in Huczynski and Buchanan's "Organisational Behaviour". Managers who are able to motivate their staff will have a more productive workforce. How motivation is approached will depend on the type of organization and culture of the workforce. Motivation helps increase employee's job enrichment, enables people to develop socially and have increased drive in their roles. Allowing and encouraging staff to socialize at work provides increased enjoyment and confidence. It also encourages the most common form of communication in organizations, the grapevine. This process involves staff communicating unofficial informal messages. Although not always accurate information, it increases knowledge of other colleges and the operation of the organization."

Tags:activities, strategies, workforce, motivation, employees

Abstract
This paper analyzes the subject of Knowledge Management by comparing two papers, "Managing Knowledge for Personal and Organizational Benefit" by Catherine Bailey & Martin Clarke, and "Knowledge Management in Small and Medium Sized Companies: Knowledge Management for Entrepreneurs" by R.P. uit Beijerse." The papers are analyzed and evaluated as separate papers and as well as compared and contrasted, with references from other sources.

From the Paper
"Both articles emphasize the importance of the individual, however the Bailey and Clarke article focuses more heavily on the benefit to the organization from the individuals development, the Beijerse article is more general in terms of knowledge within all aspects of the workplace, analyzing the structure, strategy and culture. Many other authors have analyzed the contribution of individuals knowledge to the benefit of an organization, "brings together business processes, as well as the activities, skills and expertise of individuals within the business." (Phelps A, 2000)"

Tags:business, company, comparison, computer, individual, information, internet, literature, nonaka, organization, organization, personal, review, theory, web

Abstract
This paper is about the underlying themes of Naomi Klein's best-selling "No Logo" (2000), the "book that became a movement," a passionate anti-globalization manifesto. The paper looks at the underlying themes of Fordism and post-Fordism, consumer culture and globalization, and analyzes Klein's arguments while drawing on a variety of sources, both literary, -- William Gibson, Aldous Huxley and George Orwell, and academic --Kennedy & Cohen plus contrasting Klein's socialist agenda with libertarian principles.

From the Paper
"In No Logo, Naomi Klein analyzes the effects of modern advertising on Western society and culture in the late 90s. She argues, for the most part, against its far-reaching effects on everyday life, as well as on the ethical issues associated with the move to a post-Fordist society, where production takes place in third world countries under what is, in effect, 19th century conditions."

Tags:anti, fordism, post, fordism, advertising, globalization, Keynsian, naomi, klein, libertarian, economics, post-socialism, third, world

Abstract
The media has a large effect on society as a whole and there has been an increase in media exposure over the years. The thin, waif-like look is seen as the ideal, a standard for women to be measured against. The paper shows that women are under lots of pressure to conform to the ideals of society and the majority of women are on diets or have dieted at some point in their life. This leads to low self esteem and poor body image, which is a precipitating factor in eating disorders. This essay discusses whether the media is the catalyst for preoccupation with slimness and a major contributor to eating disorders in young women.

From the Paper
"The media is often quoted as a scapegoat for the increase in eating disorders. Linda Grant's opinion is that: "Women don't set out to become anorexic, they begin by thinking they're too fat because everywhere they go the media is telling them that they are right" (Barrett, 1997). This assumes that the causes of eating disorders are simply triggered by an individual feeling overweight, which is not the case. Eating disorders have many causes, some evidence suggests that an eating disorder can exist without this pathological fear of being overweight (Lai, 2000). If these effects of the media are obvious then why is it that only 1-3% of women suffer from an eating disorder? "

Tags:anorexia, bulimia