Abstract
The paper discusses the biological and environmental transitions that can have a negative or positive effect on an adolescent. The paper considers the issues of an adolescent's physical appearance not being in accordance with his intellectual and behavioural adaptations, the self-consciousness of body image and the cognitive development in perception, attention and memory that can lead to a quest for identity development.

From the Paper
"Adolescence, marked by the onset of pubertal maturation and represented by a period during lifespan where a child becomes an adult, is characterised by many transitions which can either be biologically based (the body) or environmentally based (people, relationships, general society, etc.). Biological transitions include physical and mental transitions whereas environmental transitions consist of social transitions. These transitions enable a child to encounter new experiences and to adjust their thinking to them which allows the child to then become an adult. Therefore, both biological and environmental transitions have an effect on each other and can either have a negative or a positive effect on the adolescent."

Tags:intellect, behavior, self-esteem, identity, body-image

Abstract
Within the context of multi-disciplinary practice, relevant legislation and social policy, this essay outlines and evaluates two methods of intervention applicable to working with children and young people with a mental health disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The methods of intervention that are outlined and evaluated are cognitive behavioural therapy and opportunity led work. The essay also addresses the challenges inherent in practicing across different value bases and theoretical understandings of the medical and social model of mental health. Throughout the essay, an awareness of oppressive and discriminatory practice is present.

From the Paper
"There are two theoretical perspectives to take into consideration when working with people with mental health issues; the medical model and the social model. The medical model has a broad application however it does originally sit in the field of medicine. The medical model follows a general series of events; diagnosis stage, prescriptive stage and curative stage. The diagnostic stage is when the individual goes to see the professional, be it a doctor or a psychologist. The prescriptive stage is when the individual describes what is wrong with them or explains what is happening to them. The curative stage is the resolution stage where the professional attempts to find a solution to the problem. The medical model does not take into consideration any external forces such as family or social networks when dealing with the individual whereas the social model is based on these external influences on the individual. The medical model is defined by a set medical framework and this then defines how the individual will be viewed, this differs from social work as the interventions are always client led."

Tags:depression, obsessions, thought, patterns, behaviour

Abstract
The primary focus of this paper is to assess the impact of divorce upon children. The research explores this subject area in a broad and encompassing manner. Given the overt attempt to encapsulate a wide variety of issues and factors the paper does not delve into specific areas of analysis in massive analytical detail, and includes at various points a general examination based on secondary research. The work is split into various sub sections, including a discussion chapter which explores the various issues concerned in a thematic manner.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Discussion of findings
Literature Review
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
''However, it will become clear that much secondary source material on this subject is heavily based on the empirical and statistical traditions of social policy study. Therefore, as a consequence of these various comprehensive secondary studies, this work gains a strong element of empirical and statistical support, even if this does not come about as a result of individual research in the field. In most part, this dissertation utilises qualitative research from the wider social policy field. Some use of quantitative data is of course made at points. As such, the writer has ensured that issues pertaining to representativeness, bias and selectivity are taken into account if not expressly discussed.
''Through the use of the above research endeavours this work aims to follow a clear path of overall detailed assessment around the issue of divorce and its impact upon children. As such, the research methodology suggested above aims to highlights the degree to which the impact of divorce on children is an immensely complex and wide ranging subject requiring the inclusion of numerous and varied factors, issues and variables. Indeed, the various academic works examined throughout this dissertation clearly illustrate this inherent complexity.''

Tags:divorce, children, child

Abstract
Punishment was once an integral part of the school life of the children. This paper discusses how corporal punishments was given to the students who were found engaged in any wrong deed. The purpose of punishing the students in the school was to tell that the wrong doing would eventually bring pain and agony. The writer explores the development that with the passage of time, it is now realized that these punishments are no good for the students as they have more negative impacts than positive. The short and long term effects are discussed in this paper, examining whether adults who were beaten as children in schools became more aggressive parents. It shows how these punishments not only harm the students physically but are also great threat to their mental health. It examines how people including parents and the young generation (children and teenagers) are now voicing against the abuse of the corporal punishment.

Introduction
Statement of Problem
Overview of the Study
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989
and Discipline
The Legal Effects of the UN Convention
General Aims and Obligations
Discipline
Schools and Corporal Punishment
Discipline at School
Responsibility for Discipline
Disciplinary Measures at School
The Legal Basis of a Teachers Authority
Home-School Agreements
Constraints on disciplinary Action
Detention
Safer Schools
The Physical Punishment of Children in the U.K
Child Protection
The Children Act 1989 and Child Protection
The Human Rights Act 1998 and Child Protection
Suggested Reforms and Conclusion
The Need For Change
Bibliography
Cases and Statute

From the Paper
"It was the perspective of people a few years ago; that only way to punish someone who did a sinister deed was to use corporal punishment. This is meant to enforce pain to someone who has done wrong by hitting them, beating them, strapping them or even whipping them. These are only a few examples of corporal punishment. Why do we have punishment, How do we benefit from it and how do we abuse it? The most obvious reason for corporal punishment is to castigate one for doing something wrong by means of physical abuse expecting the individual to learn from his or her mistake. But we must ask ourselves this question. Is the person benefiting from this or is he or she not only being physically abused but also mentally. In some cases corporal punishment psychologically affects ones mind on a long-term basis that will stain their memory for a very long period of time."

Tags:corporal, education, abuse, physical, violent

Abstract
Through the examination of a case study of a pregnant teenager, this paper discusses the legal and ethical dilemmas that may arise in the provision of maternity services. It explores the issue of consent and the midwife's sphere of practice.

From the Paper
Rule 6 of the Midwives rules and standards says ' A midwife: Should respect the woman's right to refuse any advice given' (NMC 2004, p17). Sue chose not to go ahead with having blood tests at the time of the booking appointment. She made this decision based on all theinformation the midwife gave her. This information was explained fully, in language that she could understand and was reinforced with the written leaflets we provided. These explained the proposed tests and the implications of not having these for both herself and the fetus. Her parents felt that she should have had all the screening offered at this time and that this was in both her best interests and those of the fetus. However she recognised that she had choice. She could choose to consent or to refuse and she exercised that choice. "

Tags:fetus, consent, services

Abstract
This paper discusses the educational theories of John Dewey and uses them as a basis to develop the writer's philosophy of education. The writer explains that Dewey's practical methods of guided discovery continue to be popular in modern education and represent a rational and holistic approach to the education of children. The writer describes Dewey's philosophy of basing instruction on student interests, his concept of reflective thought, and his idea that a constantly experimental approach to learning should be maintained, and explains why Dewey's ideas may be more relevant today than they were fifty years ago. The paper concludes with an explanation of the writer's perceived role and mission as an educator in Hong Kong.

Outline:
Introduction
The Aims of Education
Role of the Teacher
Knowledge
Conclusion

From the Paper
"It is now clear to me that educators must develop their own personal philosophy of education. However, a tremendous body of educational theory exists, making it difficult to choose a specific school of thought. For example, some educators base their theories on different approaches to grouping students for instruction, various forms of curricula, methods of evaluating student progress, or the objectives of instruction. Phrases such as "cooperative learning," "multiple intelligences," and "whole learning experiences" abound in the literature. Instructional methods range from free exploration to direct instruction. Models of learning range from transactional to transmission."

Tags:democratic, child-centered, pragmatism, progressive, curriculum, practice, classroom, integrative

Abstract
The paper explores human rights and equality legislation, sentencing options and the key principles of restorative justice. The paper explains how the conceptions of social and criminal justice differ in the way they conceptualise both the criminal and the crime. The paper then shows how in its present form, therefore, the legal system has largely negative consequences on the establishment and maintenance of social justice. The paper also points out, however, the many possibilities for allowing social justice to flourish.

From the Paper
"The purpose of the legal system is to effectively administer the national law. Due to its very nature, the law aims to avoid ambiguity and thus offer a clear and set collection of rules and codes that are capable of universal enforcement. Although for decades there have been protracted attempts to include the ethos of social justice within this legal framework, the two concepts have often come into conflict with one another. The basis of social justice is that all aspects of society afford just and fair treatment for all, including that beyond the auspices of the law (Jordon, 1990) As such, the idea of social justice is capable of transmission to areas unavailable to the law."

Tags:human, rights, equality, legislation, sentencing, restorative, justice, social, work

Abstract
The paper examines Durkheim's seminal work "Suicide" and assesses what this specific piece tells us about the role of social theory. The paper highlights the extent to which Durkheim considered social functions and phenomena as essential in accounting for human behavior. The paper comments that "Suicide" represents the first attempt at offering a detailed empirical basis on which to account for individual actions. The paper also highlights the extent to which social theory forms a pivotal part of Durkheim's analysis.

From the Paper
"Before Durkheim's study was published, the issue of suicide was viewed firstly as a wholly individual act. Therefore, in terms of analytical study, the subject itself was considered to be the sole intellectual property of psychology. Thus, suicide was an individual act that largely occurred outside of social functions and primarily a result of individual psychological tendencies. As such, social theory or wider social activities and phenomena were not considered relevant in the study and examination of suicide. However, through the use of empirical study Durkheim aimed to prove that instances of suicide could be linked directly to social functioning within society as a whole."

Tags:social, theoretical, framework, social, integration, scale, spectrum, altruistic, suicide

Abstract
The paper discusses the reasons put forth to explain why boys underachieve in school. The paper specifically looks at the following explanations: the feminising of the curriculum, the low expectations boys have of themselves, the crisis of masculinity, and the Marxist theory, which sees the education system as repressing working class children. The paper concludes with the opinion that it not gender that is the main factor for boys' underachievement, but class. An annotated bibliography is included with the paper.

From the Paper
"In the academic year 2004/05, 62 per cent of girls achieved five or more GCSE grades A* to C, compared to only 52 per cent of boys. Many people would suggest that this sort of data represents the crisis that is 'male underachievement'. Male underachievement is the failure of boys to do as well in the education system as their female counterparts. And yet the 'crisis' only a few decades ago was that of female underachievement. So what has happened to account for this shift in achievement?"

Tags:gender, class, masculinity, rebels

Abstract
Many sexual predators have admitted that they cannot control their urges to sexually and violently abuse women and children. This paper advocates that more strict legislative measures are needed that would prevent vulnerable individuals from being raped, abused and possibly killed by essentially "incurable" predators. It puts forward the proposal that if people were assured a harsh punishment if they were to commit a crime, they would be less likely to be able to justify their criminal actions as being "worth the risk". It discusses the holes in current legislation and how offenders are often not required to undergo sex offender treatment or evaluation and they are released into the community without being forced to adhere to sex offender registration laws and evaluates Megan's law. Megan's Law refers to the series of laws introduced in New Jersey following the murder of seven year-old Megan Kanka who was kidnapped, raped and murdered by her neighbor, a twice convicted sex offender who had committed a similar crime only months before. It analyzes the increasing public awareness and concern about crime together with intense media focus on the issue.

From the Paper
"According to Princeton University professor John DeIulio, "almost half of the country's 671,000 parolees and probationers are caught committing serious new offenses within three years" (Feinsilber, 1997). Many sexual predators have admitted that they cannot control their urges to sexually and violently abuse women and children. For this reason we should not allow these dangerous criminals to terrorize our neighborhoods, schools and homes. It is therefore my contention that more strict legislative measures are needed that would prevent vulnerable individuals from being raped, abused and possibly killed by these essentially "incurable" predators."

Tags:child, deviants, law, legal, molesters, rapists, sexual, megan, criminals