Abstract
A detailed critical analysis of "Zaynab" and the social and political situation of Egypt at the time of its publication. This study draws on the criticism of Alle, Hafez and Jad to explore the literary merits of Haykal's text. The paper answers the question: Does a critical analysis of Haykal's Zaynab justify critics' assertion that it was "the first real Arabic novel?" This study is not intended as an historical overview of the literature available to readers of Arabic in the early decades of the twentieth century.

From the Paper
"Zaynab has often been referred to as the "first real Arabic novel", a title which rarely seems to be called into question. Allen suggests, however, that it is more useful to see Zaynab as a stage in a continuing process of literary evolution, and it is therefore of interest to see how the text stands up to critical analysis of its quality as a novel in general rather than the "first" Arabic novel in particular. The quality of Haykal's writing cannot be denied and his ability to elicit his readers' empathy is highly effective. His story is engaging and it has resonance for readers today just as it must have for Haykal's contemporaries. He treats the themes of love, death and unhappy marriages, themes which are timeless in their relevance despite being sited in this instance in a very particular historical and geographical setting."

Tags:arabic, east, egypt, literature, middle

Abstract
This paper examines how the portrayal of different time periods, the early nineteenth century and the late twentieth century in Tom Stoppard's "Arcadia" reveals a progression of knowledge and values, which differentiate across the generations and centuries. It looks at how both periods of time focus around the two female heroines of the novel Thomasina Coverly and Hannah Jarvis and the events, ideas and attitudes are sometimes quite different.

From the Paper
"There are many other instances, especially through the character Hannah who epitomizes pessimism, where Stoppard may be viewed to present the late nineteenth century as "weary cynicism." A good illustration of this can be seen by looking at the two households. The family of Thomasina's age is refined and aristocratic, at the height of high society. However in Hannah's generation, the Croom family may be seen to have dissolved somewhat into disarray. Chloe appears rather uneducated, the parents are absent and all the children have developed what may be considered curious characteristics, or at least would have been to their early nineteenth century ancestors."

Tags:thomasina, coverly, hannah, jarv, croom

Abstract
This paper is a review of Daniel Defoe's novels "Robinson Crusoe" and "Moll Flanders". The paper specifically discusses to what extent these novels represent a microcosm of the world of Defoe. The paper follows a tendency toward the poststructuralist method of deconstruction, which seeks to unlock a reflection of the text by exposing its counter side, and therefore showing what the work of Defoe, can tell us about the past.

From the Paper
"Before an attempt can be made to construct any critical theory regarding Defoe's vision of society and civilisation, it is necessary to put into context the corridors of thought which may lead to its interpretation. The idea that a response to a work is the same as its meaning demands the question: Can a work can have as many meanings as we have responses?"

Tags:christianity, class, colonialist, imperialistic

Abstract
This paper is an exploration of the presentation of the titular character in the play "King Lear", from a wide overview of his disintegration and changing role, to analysis of specific quotes from the text which give us insight into Shakespeare's intentions. It covers Lear's presentation in the first act, and how his language, introduction and interplay with the other characters is designed by Shakespeare to make him a figure of status and significance, then considers the role of characters such as Cordelia, the Fool and Gloucester in providing us with more insight into Lear's true nature. There is close analysis of Lear's use of language, and how Shakespeare crafts this to reflect the King's shifting mind state over the course of the play.

From the Paper
"Shakespeare presents Lear in the first act as having his own secret agenda. he admits to having a 'darker purpose' and explains his 'fast intent' to the court. The phrase 'darker purpose' hints that Lear masks his true objectives behind a more cautious public agenda. Shakespeare portrays Lear through such comments as a sharp King who considers his position carefully in vital matters, a man who reveals his thoughts only when he deems it to be necessary - who plots his every action. This presentation will fall in sharp and deliberate contrast with Lear's behaviour later in the play, when he sticks stubbornly to a single, unwise agenda and uses desperate tactics to try to enforce it."

Tags:gloucester, cordelia, fool

Abstract
The paper examines Durkheim's seminal work "Suicide" and assesses what this specific piece tells us about the role of social theory. The paper highlights the extent to which Durkheim considered social functions and phenomena as essential in accounting for human behavior. The paper comments that "Suicide" represents the first attempt at offering a detailed empirical basis on which to account for individual actions. The paper also highlights the extent to which social theory forms a pivotal part of Durkheim's analysis.

From the Paper
"Before Durkheim's study was published, the issue of suicide was viewed firstly as a wholly individual act. Therefore, in terms of analytical study, the subject itself was considered to be the sole intellectual property of psychology. Thus, suicide was an individual act that largely occurred outside of social functions and primarily a result of individual psychological tendencies. As such, social theory or wider social activities and phenomena were not considered relevant in the study and examination of suicide. However, through the use of empirical study Durkheim aimed to prove that instances of suicide could be linked directly to social functioning within society as a whole."

Tags:social, theoretical, framework, social, integration, scale, spectrum, altruistic, suicide

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in 'Howards End', the sense of gender boundaries is so vividly written that one can not only gain an in depth understanding of this novel but also of the age. The writer discusses that the reader is introduced to an unfair society within England that holds so many flaws, yet the feminist political movement is identifiable throughout. The novel itself seems to be building up to some type of significant revolution or cultural change. It does this through the excellent creation of characters like Helen, Margaret and Mr Wilcox who represent figures within the social system. The writer notes that one can see the turbulent lives of these people gradually evolve through the three main families in this novel and not only by gender boundaries but also social class. The writer concludes that the events seem to signify a divided nation that shows a clash of interests, gender and class but ultimately something has to change.

From the Paper
"A perfect example is when Helen visits the Wilcox's and brings into the family discussion the idea of equality. Her description and opinion of Mr Wilcox's response shows just how much she fits back into the mould of the 'perfect woman', maybe without even knowing it. The simple fact that she feels ashamed of voicing a perfectly reasonable idea is brilliant in showing just how controlled women of that time were. What is even more significant is that fact that Mr Wilcox is the one doing the controlling. The final parts of the novel are in a way very different to the beginning, as the women are presented as much more libertaed especially Helen. The novel may well be representing the progression of female equality which was taking place during that period. Helen is a romantic and spontaneous but these are arguably qualities that a woman were condemned to have. Margaret has broken through by using the gift of peacemaker that she so carefully uses to make other characters closer. Despite the original feelings of many of the Wilcox family such as Charles and Dolly, it is Margaret who has succeeded in getting Howard's End along with the respect of her husband. At the very end of the novel she appears to mirror the first Mrs Wilcox through her gained experience, giving the appearance of wisdom yet has developed a larger sense of self worth and independence."

Tags:Wilcox, characters, male, sexism

Abstract
This paper is about the underlying themes of Naomi Klein's best-selling "No Logo" (2000), the "book that became a movement," a passionate anti-globalization manifesto. The paper looks at the underlying themes of Fordism and post-Fordism, consumer culture and globalization, and analyzes Klein's arguments while drawing on a variety of sources, both literary, -- William Gibson, Aldous Huxley and George Orwell, and academic --Kennedy & Cohen plus contrasting Klein's socialist agenda with libertarian principles.

From the Paper
"In No Logo, Naomi Klein analyzes the effects of modern advertising on Western society and culture in the late 90s. She argues, for the most part, against its far-reaching effects on everyday life, as well as on the ethical issues associated with the move to a post-Fordist society, where production takes place in third world countries under what is, in effect, 19th century conditions."

Tags:anti, fordism, post, fordism, advertising, globalization, Keynsian, naomi, klein, libertarian, economics, post-socialism, third, world

Abstract
This paper provides a brief introduction to the stream of consciousness and its history in literature. It looks at Woolf's narrative technique and her employment of the stream of consciousness and in particular, how external objects encourage shifts in the narrative and convey that all minds are joined to one another. It also analyzes the character of
Clarissa.

From the Paper
"The image of "icy claws" fixing in Clarissa could be the cold shiver of a sneaking suspicion crawling up her spine and sinking its jagged claws into the base of her skull. It is realisation gripping her. This image could also relate to Peter's perception of Clarissa, describing her as "cold" and unfeeling. "There was something cold in Clarissa, he thought." Woolf compares time metaphorically to water droplets, each second trickling away "as if to catch the falling drop..." The motif of water recurs as Woolf describes Clarissa "plunging" into the depth of the moment. The description of Clarissa's appearance as "delicate pink" is symbolic of her interior. Despite the contradiction of her sharp, "pointed", front she is a delicate, reflective character. "

Tags:bruton, clarissa, cymbeline, death, imagery, lady, oppression, peter, poetry, sea, septimus

Abstract
This paper examines the various religious undertones which reside within the play "Doctor Faustus" such as as morality, heaven and hell and forbidden knowledge. It discusses whether these religious undertones are important when trying to fully understand the context and meaning of the play.

From the Paper
"During the 16th century everyone was thought to be born with original sin, this is the sin which you are born with because of the fall of Adam and Eve. Before the writing of 'Faustus' constant arguments raged about the destiny of the soul because of this sin. Catholicism and Calvinism were the two branches of religion which had conflicting views. Calvinists believed that there is no free will and that you could only be saved if you were one of the 'elect', whereas Catholics believed that you would be saved if your faith was whole and strong. It is unknown where Marlowe's sympathies lie, the mystery of Marlowe's life and the insecure nature of the two differing printed versions of the texts make it a very debatable subject. On the one hand Marlowe portrays hell as the academic, theological idea of permanent separation from God, a direct contrast to the fiery torment described in Catholic teachings. However many other traditionally Catholic views of the after life are portrayed throughout the play."

Tags:Devil Soul Renaissance Scholar Bedazzled

Abstract
This essay examines the importance and difference of wealth in America and Europe. The paper uses "Howard?s End" and "The Great Gatsby" to show how wealth relates to power and humanity as a whole.

Tags:fitzgerald, forster, money, power, scott