From the Paper
"The Religious Background of the Baroque and the Artistic Communication with England
The period which has come to be called the baroque is intriguing because it grew out of a unique set of political, religious and cultural circumstances. Blunt ties the style to origins in Rome for good reason, as the situation surrounding the Catholic church at about 1600 had a lot to do with the origins of the style. The Protestant Reformation of the 16th century had led to deep introspection on the part of the Catholics. The leaders in the church realized that some positive action was necessary in order to avoid further political embarrassment, continued corruption and massive attrition from the church. The Protestants had attacked the church mainly with charges of selling offices of authority, men holding numerous offices simultaneously, and the..."

Tags:ARCHITECTURE

Abstract
This paper will discuss the Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain. The Mosque will be described in detail in an architectural sense and will then be evaluated on its importance to Spain in a historical sense to understand the level of pride the people of this country take in this monument to their culture. Also discussed will be the influence of this mosque on architecture in the region and how this building can be differentiated from other religious structures, such a churches and other mosques that are in the area. 8

Abstract
This paper looks at the Globe Theater, where most of William Shakespeare's major works, ,including his famous four tragedies, were first staged. It shows how, although the original building was destroyed in the mid-17th century, a new "Globe Theater" has been built near the site of the old theater in London and replicates many of the original features of the original theater and still stages some of the bard's plays. It traces the history of the Globe Theater, describes the original building's main features, and covers the recent rebuilding of the new Globe.

Outline
Origins
Main Features
A "Microcosm" of the Times
Destruction
The "New" Globe
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The stage of the Globe was a five feet high level platform of about 43 X 28 feet size. The stage was fitted with mechanisms such as trap doors in its floor that were creatively utilized by Shakespeare in his plays. It was surrounded on three sides by the "pit" in which the general audience (known as "groundlings" or the "one penny" audience) stood to watch the performances. The fourth side of the stage had a room for the actors where costumes changes were made. Around the pit were three galleries (balconies) one above the other that had seating for "two-penny" theatergoers. The topmost gallery was roofed with thatch and had a small turret structure, from which a trumpeter announced the day's performances. Since no artificial lighting was available, plays were usually scheduled for the afternoons."

Tags:plays, london, tragedies

Abstract
This paper provides an overall history of the Church Santa Maria della Salute and explores its history and significance. It begins with an explanation why the Church was built following the bubonic plague and describes how it is still a source of inspiration to the citizens of Venice. It discuss unique architectural features of the church and provides a brief biography of the architect Baldassare Longhena.

From the Paper
"Anyone who has ever been to Venice and indeed perhaps even anyone who has merely dreamed of going to Venice will know the huge baroque church of Santa Maria della Salute. It is architecturally one of the most and probably the most important religious building in the city. It s distinctive shape, visible form all over the city, has greeted both visitors and natives since it was erected in the 17th century as an attempt to appease the heavens. This paper examines both the architectural and artistic significance of this building."

Tags:salvation, Mary, Byzantine, construction, Titian, Tintoretto, Palazzo, Pesaro, Grand, Canal, Baroque

Abstract
This paper examines the art and cultural developments during the Renaissance and Baroque eras. The writer of this paper describes articles that could be found in a time capsule from the Renaissance era as a rebirth of culture and a renewed interest in the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome while explaining that the Baroque era grew from the Renaissance to promote an individualistic connection with God and spirituality as well as more appeal to emotions and drama. The items from art, music, architecture, philosophy and literature found in the time capsules are indicative of the events taking place during these two time periods.

From the Paper
"The Renaissance represents the time period between the Middle Ages and the Reformation - roughly the 14th century through the 15th century. Many historians view the Renaissance as a period of intellectual and artistic rebirth in which European culture thrived. The arts would likely be represented in the Renaissance time capsule by oil paintings on canvas or by sculpture. The work of artists such as Da Vinci who use shadow and light to portray three dimensions in their paintings are likely to be found in the time capsule. As such, we could expect to find Da Vinci's Mona Lisa painting. We may also find a sculpture by Michelango such as his famed David sculpture which represents beliefs during the Renaissance about beauty in the nude form being a reflection of God's power."

Tags:art, history, culture

Abstract
This paper looks at the Bauhaus architectural movement and its relationship to the massive technological advances of the early twentieth century. It examines the philosophical beliefs of the Bauhaus founders and evaluates their finest achievement, the Dessau Bauhaus, which was completed in 1925. It explains how the Dessau Bauhaus achieved its celebrated status in the world of architecture.

From the Paper
"In the late the 19th and early twentieth century technological advances swept across the world with an undreamed of speed. The pace at which technology reinvented culture seemed almost preternatural, and amounted to the greatest alteration in man's view of the universe since Isaac Newton (Hughes 15). The study of the modern age (1880-present) and how artistic developments viewed cultural change would not be complete without a look at architecture's role. The work of an architect will by its nature influence society more than a painting and sculpture; its size and usefulness to people make that a certainty. Buildings surround us, we move through them, and they are part of our everyday life."

Tags:architecture, art, Bauhuas, dessau, modern, technology, twentieth, century

Abstract
This paper examines Chester's architecture from a historical point of view and focuses on the question as to what we can learn about the history of Chester from the architectural evidence present in the buildings. The statement above sets out a clear framework for analysing whether or not Chester was influenced primarily by one particular era or whether it is more the case that several eras have had significant influence on the city. The paper also looks at how the modern face of Chester is not that of a city that was built in entirely one era but that the modern face of Chester represents the myriad influences that have affected Chester since it was first a Roman settlement in AD70. The paper is illustrated with many color photos.

From the Paper
"So what do these different types of buildings tell us about Chester's history. How do we frame Chester within the statement we set out from? Is it a history defined by one particular era or does the current face of Chester tell a more interesting and complex story? We know that initially Chester was a Roman town, there remains evidence for this in sections of the wall. The influence of the strong military foundations of the city are still important today, with the wall being particularly prominent, as well as the Roman layout of the four main roads (Eastgate, Northgate, Foregate and Bridge Street). If one looks at a current tourist map of the city (fig.6) one can still see this clear Roman layout and the military influence behind how the town has been set out. We can also see the medieval influence on the layout of parts of the wall. The urban morphology within this is particularly interesting as each particular era has left quite a dominant and clear indicator of itself. "

Tags:Georgian, Victorian, Roman

Abstract
This paper looks at how King Louis XIV of France used the remodeling of his magnificent palace at Versailles, and the visual art in the palace, as a propaganda tool. The author discusses Louis' constant campaign for absolute power as a divine ruler. The paper pays close attention to the architecture at Versailles.

From the Paper:

"King Louis XIV used visual arts within the palace of Versailles to establish the primacy of the French monarch. Louis XIV wanted to legitimatize his form of strict absolutism through art. The pinnacle of this propaganda campaign was the remodeling of the chateau of Versailles into a palace. He and his artists made specific choices to flaunt his wealth and give the king credibility. The gardens, grand staircase, hall of mirrors and salons parade with grandeur and thick allegorical comparisons between the Gods and Louis. The propaganda was effective in targeting its three intended audiences to the degree that later monarchs and artists mimicked it. "

Tags:allegory, art, france, history, king, monarchy, palace, louis, mirror, hall, ceiling, france

Abstract
This paper provides a description of the early and later architectural designs of the Roman houses, villas, and apartments. The author offers a historic view of the designs found in excavations and on mosaics and discusses the social relevance of certain architectural designs.

From the Paper
"Architecture was outstanding among the Roman arts. Many of the outward forms of Roman architecture were taken over from the Greeks. It was through Rome that these forms became the common language of a great part of the tradition of western architecture. Connections between Greek houses and Roman ones provide important context both for Roman villas planned around peristyles as well as for the luxuriousness of the decoration and contents of late republican and early imperial houses and villas. This Greek luxury was a matter of some ambivalence for the Romans. Certain members of the Roman elite were eager to emulate the model of Hellenistic taste as found in Greek palaces of the fourth century B.C. and later (Robertson, 1986). But there has been a change of attitude about Hellenistic influence on architecture, painting, and mosaics: scholars are now stressing the ready naturalization of Greek art and ideas in the Roman context rather than using Roman art to reconstruct a hypothetical Hellenistic original (Jones, 2001)."

Tags:architecture, excavation, hadrian, mosaic, ostia, pompeii, roman, villa

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed case study and report on the technical issues that need to be considered in facade retention with internal demolition of the Edward England Potato Warehouse in Cardiff, Wales. The writer describes the site and the problems it presents to those interested in preserving or developing it. The writer also outlines the essential equipment and steps for installing a facade retention system, and for internal demolition and the erection of a new internal frame. In addition, the writer discusses alternative options such as refurbishment and total demolition. This paper contains a figure and a table.

Outline:
Introduction
Site Investigation
Desk Top Study
Walk over Survey
Geotechnical Survey
Performance Evaluation
Long Term Monitoring
Defects list
Pre Specification Survey
Facade Retention System, Restrictions and Demolition
Facade Retention: Information Required
Restrictions
Facade Retention Ideas
West Bute Avenue Elevation
East Water Front Elevation
South Park Elevation
North Herbert Street Elevation
Cleaning, Repair and Protection
Demolition
Implications of Basement and Underpinning
Underpinning
Implication and Consideration of Basement Installation
Method Statement
Conclusion
Appendix A: Ariel Photograph of site

From the Paper
"In order to provide detailed design solutions for method of facade retention for a building, essential information must be gathered and analysed first. The information needed includes: condition of the facade, bearing capacity of the soil, wind load factors, deflection limits, wall thickness of facade and impact load (for minimization). Scientific calculations will be made to determine placement, size and type of retention system and system foundation to provide ample support for facade during demolition, and avoiding facade damage and collapse. As so much technical information is required to design a solution, the following section simply discusses possible solutions and ideas to complement site conditions."

Tags:scaffold, bracing beam, debris steel soiling signage excavation subsoil vault