Abstract
Because of its pervasiveness, mass media such as magazines and television programs are increasingly in a position to influence the behavior and attitudes of teenage girls. In fact, television programs such as ER and sports-oriented teen magazines have been lauded for providing girls with positive role models. Unfortunately, these programs and magazines remain the exception rather than the rule. Rather than promote healthy lifestyles or give positive role models, much of the media targeted to teens are both physically and psychologically harmful. This paper examines two of these main effects the promotion of unhealthy habits and lifestyles and the growing tendency of these media forms to sexualize teens and turn them into consumers.

From the Paper
"This need to conform to unrealistic body standards infects girls at a progressively earlier age. A recent study of 12,000 children between the ages of 9 and 14 show that media's influence on girls' dieting and weight concerns equaled the influence exerted by parents and peers ("Weight concerns in preteens and young teens influenced by media..."). This represents a change from just a decade ago, when parents and peers were the biggest socialization factors in an adolescent's life."

Tags:Germaine, Greer, overweight

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine connections between the policies, strategies, and practices of the fashion industry and the phenomenon of eating disorders. The plan of the research will be to set forth the background and context in which such connections can be credibly made and then to discuss the extent to which compelling evidence exists that there is fashion-industry culpability in the reach and severity of eating disorders.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine connections between the policies, strategies, and practices of the fashion industry and the phenomenon of eating disorders. The plan of the research will be to set forth the background and context in which such connections can be credibly made and then to discuss the extent to which compelling evidence exists that there is fashion-industry culpability in the reach and severity of eating disorders, where such disorders can be interpreted as a response of fashion-industry customers to social and cultural norms that the industry either shapes or leads.

The influence of the fashion industry on medical pathology that arises from eating pathology cannot be understood without an appreciation of the ability of cultural norms to influence a whole range of human behavior within that culture. Equally ..."

Abstract
The paper provides an overview of the topic of sexism and offensive messages in advertisements. It points out that the average American views up to 3000 advertisements a day and therefore the messages that come across have a huge impact on the viewer. The paper uses the example of De Beers diamond ads as an example of sexist advertising and offers suggestions, such as boycotting products, as a means to control offensive messages.

From the Paper
"The ways in which women are stripped of their individuality through traditional advertising tropes can be seen in a DeBeers billboard that was recently easily spotted when driving on local freeways. What is so striking about this ad is that it manages to be offensive and sexist without actually portraying any women at all. But by trading on sexist stereotypes that should be long dead (or rather, should never have existed in the first place but most certainly have no business being brought in to play now) it qualifies as a perfect example of how are inundated with messages in the mass media that diminish women in a way that should make us all ashamed."

Tags:advertisers, billboard, competition, product

From the Paper
"Introduction
This research describes a proposal to identify the effects of sexual innuendoes in advertising in magazines on pre-teens, teenagers, and young adults, and to compare the effects on pre-teens and teenagers with the effects on young adults. This proposal includes a literature review, research problem statement, research method description, and conclusion.


LITERATURE REVIEW
Sexual innuendo is widely used in magazine advertising (Hatfield, 1992, pp. 174-175). An emphasis on sex characterizes a high proportion of contemporary advertising directed specifically at teenagers and pre-teens. The use of explicit sexual stimuli in advertising is not without drawbacks, however, for advertisers. While research found that explicit sexual stimuli does not adversely..."

Abstract
This paper compares two different marketing strategies: humor and sex. The author discusses how comedy prevails over sexuality in advertisements because comedy is more memorable and generally more easily applies to the product. The paper is based on six advertisements, half comedy and half sexuality and spends a section discussing each and its pros and cons.

From the Paper
"Both humorous and sexual themes are used in advertisements because marketing executives believe these to be the most direct way to sell a product. Marketing executives rely on comedy and sex to sell their products, but while interest may be generated for the ad itself using these methods, interest in the actual product can only be obtained if the comedy or sex is realistically applicable to the product itself. When comparing the two kinds of ads, comedy ads are generally much better at showing applicability than are sexual ads

Tags:ad, advertisement, bolle, civilization, comidic, curve, funny, ghandi, humor, magazine, marketing, radeon, sex

Abstract
The writer looks at overt and covert advertising in order to give the reader a solid understanding of the basic theories that are used to sell products. The writer talks about the different places that new forms of advertising have been tested and show how these are used successfully to entice people to buy a specific product. According to this paper, sex is used in almost every type of advertising and its effect on today's youth is immense. The use of sex in advertising is not new, but the overt nature of it is, something, that this writer feels has now take on a life of its own and is having a negative affect on many people's self-image. The role of sex in today's society and as a result its influence on today's younger generation, is the message that this writer is trying to communicate.

From the Paper
"Advertisers will embed the word, "sex," in a magazine picture that is not perceived by the human eye or will superimpose pictures of sexual objects on objects like ice cubes and it is not noticed until this is pointed out to people, they will not perceive this either. (Key 9 - 12)
Whether or not subliminal advertising works is still a matter of debate.
Should sex be used in advertising? No! CNBC had run an ad that showed scantily dressed women, an ad for a topless club."

Tags:ads, overt, covert, theatres, magazines, objects, television, radio, women, males, objects, attractive, self, esteem, low, love, product, subliminal, sell, vehicles

Abstract
The secret behind the success of Victoria's Secret seems to be its brand recognition, its excellent quality and its ability to identify a correct market. This paper studies the company's past and future promotion campaigns and illustrates its target markets and budgets.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Target Market
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
Budget
Summary
Works Cited

From the Paper
"The key strength of Victoria's Secret is brand recognition and brand loyalty. It's massive advertising campaigns have been largely successful due to the brand equity of the product. Victoria's Secret products make their customers feel sexy and good about themselves.
The upcoming launch of the new swimsuit line will mark the entrance of Victoria's Secret into a new area. It has had great success with the launch of its bra lines and was a leader in the introduction of thong underwear. Thong underwear was a risky product line, especially considering more conservative customers. However, sales have increased every year since its introduction. The key to this success was due to the already established customer loyalty. "

Tags:swimwear, advertising, women, bra, Dream, Angel

Abstract
This paper is about representations of women and celebrities in the media and their effects on average American women. Some of the topics discussed in this paper are the media's portrayal of actresses and celebrities and their affects on teenagers and women, the differences and changes in images of celebrities through the past few decades, the "Culture of slimming," the objectification and subjectification of women, the psychological, social, physical, and mental effects on the average women, and the power of the entertainment industry.

From the Paper
"Over the past few decades, the so-called "norm" for a female figure has drastically changed from voluptuous and curvy to waif-like thin. Many female celebrities have been known for their figures. Historically, Marilyn Monroe and Jayne Mansfield were two women who each wore a size 12 and were glorified by men all around the world. Today, celebrities from the likes of Jennifer Aniston and Calista Flockhart are admired for their abilities to become and stay so thin, almost appearing sick. As celebrities come and go, women compare themselves to whoever is "popular" at the time."

Tags:actress, actresses, anorexia, body, bulimia, celebrities, celebrity, confidence, depression, entertainment, esteem, fat, hollywood, images, media, modeling, psychology, self, slim, society, sociology, television, thin, women

Abstract
This paper examines how sexuality in advertising serves several purposes. The prevalent view is that sex itself is appealing, so it gets people to pay attention to the advertising message surrounding it and there is also a shock value that has become more and more important to some advertisers for the same reason--to get the attention of the consumer. It looks at how American advertisers know that sex sells products and how they use sex in ways both overt and subtle, depending on the product and the campaign. It evaluates how much of our culture is based on physical attractiveness and its power to persuade, to attract, to influence and succeed and how sex is used in advertising as an expression of physical attractiveness. It analyzes how the advertising media clearly believe in the power of physical attractiveness to persuade and how spokespersons for products and other people used in television commercials and print ads tend to be physically attractive far beyond the norm in society.

From the Paper
"Cialdini (1985) discusses the reasons why people are persuaded to take action, and while physical attractiveness is included as one of the reasons for a person's being persuasive, the author notes that recent findings indicate that this is an even greater advantage than it was once believed to be. Attractive people seem to elicit an immediate response from others predisposing these others to accept their message. The research indicates that we automatically assign to attractive individuals certain favorable traits, such as talent, kindness, honesty, and intelligence, and we make these judgments without being aware that we are being influenced by physical attractiveness. Cialdini finds much of this research unsettling for its implications as to how we make decisions, including evidence showing that our judicial system is also influenced by this same factor: "It now appears that unless they have used their attractiveness to commit a crime. . . good-looking people are likely to receive highly favorable treatment in the legal system" (Cialdini, 1985, 167)."

Tags:physical, attractiveness, consumer, campaign, product

Abstract
The media has a large effect on society as a whole and there has been an increase in media exposure over the years. The thin, waif-like look is seen as the ideal, a standard for women to be measured against. The paper shows that women are under lots of pressure to conform to the ideals of society and the majority of women are on diets or have dieted at some point in their life. This leads to low self esteem and poor body image, which is a precipitating factor in eating disorders. This essay discusses whether the media is the catalyst for preoccupation with slimness and a major contributor to eating disorders in young women.

From the Paper
"The media is often quoted as a scapegoat for the increase in eating disorders. Linda Grant's opinion is that: "Women don't set out to become anorexic, they begin by thinking they're too fat because everywhere they go the media is telling them that they are right" (Barrett, 1997). This assumes that the causes of eating disorders are simply triggered by an individual feeling overweight, which is not the case. Eating disorders have many causes, some evidence suggests that an eating disorder can exist without this pathological fear of being overweight (Lai, 2000). If these effects of the media are obvious then why is it that only 1-3% of women suffer from an eating disorder? "

Tags:anorexia, bulimia