Abstract
This paper is on "comparing and contrasting managerial and financial accounting". It also explains the differences in rules and regulations, management information and reporting requirements, and CMA and CPA licenses.

Abstract
This paper reviews an article on the WorldCom scandal, and discusses how this article relates to 7-Eleven Inc. Also, based on the article, the paper discusses recommendations for improving accounting procedures at 7-Eleven, and explains the importance of ethics in accounting.

From the Paper
"An article written by William Thomas and Thomas Morris discusses the Enron and WorlCom accounting scandals. In April of 2002, internal auditors discovered a $9 billion fraud. Unlike Enron, WorlCom has improperly reported capitalized expenses (Thomas and Morris). This was the largest amount of accounting fraud in U.S. history. Former CFO Scott Sullivan, who was the "chief architect of the fraud", pleads innocent to the original charges. Arthur Andersen was the accounting firm that was involved in both of these accounting scandals. This indiscretion caused the stock market to plummet, and many people lost thousands of dollars. Executives profited from this accounting fraud. The revelation of accounting fraud sent shockwaves through the investment community. Thousands of people lost much of their lives' savings in these accounting scandals. The devastation of this fraud caused President Bush to take a tough stance on corporate fraud."

Tags:corporate, fraud, loan, savings, scandals

Abstract
This paper begins with a brief explanation of the theoretic basics of budgeting and then proceeds with an analysis of the budgeting policies of the Atlantico Company. The paper concludes with recommended alterations for Atlantico's financial policy. Included at the beginning of this paper are different tables on Atlantico budgets, an income statement, and a balance sheet.

From the Paper
"Another advantage budgeting is that is confers managers increased control on the business, based on variance analysis. Noticing unfavorable variances may trigger certain responses, which have the capacity to solve the already existing problems and to prevent future ones from appearing. For instance, if costs are too high, waste may be cut out or an expensive supplier might be changed. Should the sales be too low, a supplementary effort in advertising, promotion or sales could prove useful. If there is a problem with low production, the manager could look for bottlenecks in order to remove them or he/ she could try to raise labor efficiency."

Tags:informed, decisions, accurate, reliable, information, performance, budgeted, plans

Abstract
This paper examines the use of the Just-in-time manufacturing method. It describes the key strategy behind just-in-time manufacturing: less inventory means more cash, which is good for most businesses, and demonstrates the application of this principal. The author writes that with Just-in-time manufacturing, stock is wasteful and eliminated, but there are also negative effects on the environment involved in this alternative process.

From the Paper
"Just-in-time manufacturing is a method of manufacturing goods that was developed by Toyota in the 1980's. Since that time, many companies around the world have begun to successfully implement just-in-time processes, including several companies in the United States. (Maskell, 1989)

"Just-in-time manufacturing is a method of manufacturing in which non-value-adding activities (or are identified and removed for the purposes of reducing costs, improving quality, improving performance, improving delivery, adding flexibility and increasing innovativeness."

Tags:Production, and, Inventory, Control, Society, (APICS), toyota, inventory, just, in, time

Abstract
This paper describes the history of the Enron Corp. and what led to its bankruptcy which the author sees as a product of management's greed, shady, yet legal accounting practices and a web of influence created through large campaign donations.

From the Paper
"Enron created various types of contracts that protected both the buyers and sellers in case of price fluctuation over the length of the contracts. This new marketplace allowed energy users to predict and stabilize costs far into the future. This strategy created by Enron was based on the belief that it could be a big energy player without owning all of the power plants, ships and pipelines that most companies owned. Instead they would use contracts to control facilities in which other had invested. By 2001, Enron had evolved into a market maker for some 1,800 different products, many of them energy- or Internet-related contracts or derivatives the company had created itself.[i]"

Tags:accounting, andersen, arthur, audit, companies, collapse, contract, energy, Chewco, independence, bankruptcy, investor, investigation, Watkins, Kenneth, Lay, pension, benefits, Fastow, market, partnership

Abstract
This paper examines the financial condition and performance of the Boeing Company, a publicly held company for the year 2001. Annual reports filed by Boeing in accordance with the General Accepted Accounting Principles and Securities and Exchange Commission regulations serve as primary data sources. Industry average financial ratios, outlook, and data are used to gauge Boeing's financial status. Recommendations are presented based upon analysis, generally accepted management practice and research.

From the Paper
"The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center caused a major negative economic effect throughout the United States and the world. Airlines were severely impacted do to a sudden and huge drop in passengers (Siegel, M., p. 551). Air travel has still not fully recovered from this catastrophic event. The resultant drop in commercial jet orders has hurt Boeing (Friedman, p 13). In the third quarter of 2001, Boeing experienced a 46% decrease in orders compared to 2000 (Friedman, p. 19). The commercial aircraft segment accounted for about 60% of Boeings revenues before September 11 (Standard & Poor s, 2002, p. 2). Deliveries for aircraft are expected to be 380 for 2002 vs.527 in 2001 (Siegel, M., p. 551). As reported in the 2001 Consolidated Statement of Operations, Boeing recorded a $935 million charge for special charges due to events of September 11, 2001 (Boeing, p. 35). "

Tags:accounting, aerospace, aircraft, analysis, boeing, defense, financial, finanical, ratio

Abstract
This paper explores the major growth in "discount retailing" in the United Kingdom. A number of low-cost retailers established themselves in the UK and one of the most successful was the German retailer Aldi. This paper examines the recent trends within Aldi's UK operations and the company's strategy for increasing market share.

From the Paper
"There have been so many significant developments in retailing since the 1970's that collectively, they have been referred to as a 'revolution'. These changes include the shopping behavior of customers; the organization of the retail industry; the character of the shopping environment; the planning policies of local government; and most important of all, the introduction of new retail outlets. The major development covered here concerns the growth of 'discount retailing'. A number of discount retailers have established themselves in the UK since the early 1990's and one of the most successful has been the German retailer Aldi. This essay shall deal with recent trends within Aldi's UK operations and the company's strategy for increasing market share, together with the wider implications of Aldi's presence."

Tags:british, planning, retail, retailers, supermarkets, uk, german, shopping, behavior, customers, outlet, discount, retailing

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the global sportswear industry and identifies the major players in this environment and their relative market share. The paper also analyzes the relationship between the athletic footwear and the athletic apparel industry. The paper specifically presents an analysts' report about the acquisition of Reebok by Adidas, written from the acquirer's perspective. The paper contains graphs and tables, as well as appendices.

Table of contents:
Terms of Reference
Executive Summary
Overview of the Global Sportswear Industry
Overview: Adidas and Reebok
Adidas
Reebok
Evaluation Before the Merger
Adidas Bid for Reebok
Motivations of the Merger
Possible Alternatives for Adidas' Strategy
Problems of the Merger
Reeboks' Defensive Strategy
Stakeholder Identification
Outcome of the Merger
Conclusion
Appendices

From the Paper
"Adolf Dassler (Adi) registered Adidas ("Adi-" from Adolf & "-das" from Dassler) and its three stripes as its official logo by 1949. Adidas acquired the Salomon Group for $1.4 billion in 1997. Adidas-Salomon became one of the big players in the sports good manufacturing industry. In the recent years, Adidas published a steady growth in sales revenue. The company is amongst the top players in the industry due to its strong brands (Adidas, Salomon and TaylorMade). Adidas serves many markets selling hardware, footwear, apparel, snowboard, golf-related and other products. From E5.1 billion of sales in 1998 to E6.5 billion in 2002, the performance has improved by a CAGR of 7%. Sales declined by 3.9% in 2003 over 2002, mainly due to currency translations (Adidas-Solomon AG Company Profile, 2005). According to the Balance Sheet, the company reported an outstanding operational and financial performance in the first half of fiscal 2004 (Balance Sheet Adidas-Salomon, 2004)."

Tags:merger, M&A, market, product, athletic

Abstract
This paper examines activity based costing (ABC) which is an effective business management tool that will enhance and support a total quality management (TQM) environment. ABC analysis provides the information necessary to make business decisions such as determining if investments in efficiency initiatives, such as just in time (JIT), are warranted. When implementing ABC, management should use proven project management methodology to minimize the risk of failure. ABC is an effective total quality management tool, and supports just-in-time manufacturing methods in several companies as detailed in the paper.

From the Paper
"After developing ABC in the 1980's, Robin Cooper and Robert S. Kaplan have written extensively about its benefits (Shih-Jen & Holinda, p. 46). ABC is defined as a "costing system that identifies the various activities performed in a firm and uses multiple cost drivers, to assign overhead (or indirect costs) to products" (Siegel and Shim 2000, p. 15). ABC seeks to accumulate and allocate factory overhead costs to products (or services) by using focused drivers, such as, quality inspecting, moving, assembly, and matching (Warren, 2002, p. 328). Proponents of ABC cite many examples where cost accuracy is superior to traditional costing methods that use cost bases such as units produced, labor, or machine hours used (Warren, p. 421). "

Tags:9000, ABC, accounting, activity, based, costing, customer, ISO, JIT, manufacturing, quality, service, TQM

Abstract
This paper provides a financial analysis of the automobile company, Porsche. The paper examines the company's profit and loss account, balance sheet and cash flow statement. The paper also compares Porsche's gross profit margin with its competitors and discusses its problems and opportunities. The paper concludes that in the last fiscal year Porsche has generated earnings above industry average. Several tables are included with the paper.

Tables of Contents:
Terms of Reference
Methods Used
Introduction
Findings
Ratio Analysis
Calculation and Discussion of the Financial Ratios
Comparison of the Ratios with the Industry Average
Problems and opportunities
Inventory and Asset Valuation Methods
Application of Accounting Concepts
Conclusion
Appendix

From the Paper
"North America still remains the largest sales region for the past fiscal year and the most profitable. Domestic market was one of the weakest. Economy in the Eurozone has slowed down given a rise in oil prices and weak internal market demand as well as high unemployment. That has affected the auto industry as a whole and some manufacturers are still recovering from the drop in demand. However, Porsche models have been well received and highly in demand. This can be seen in from increase gross revenues year over year."
"On the new opportunities side Porsche should definitely look into expanding into markets such as China. Given China's strong economic growth, Porsche can greatly benefit from penetrating this market."

Tags:revenue, cost, demand, profit, sales, product